一种低功耗10位流水线结构的CMOS A/D转换器的设计

本文设计了一种可满足视频速度应用的低电压低功耗10位流水线结构的CMOS A/D转换器.该转换器由9个低功耗运算放大器和19个比较器组成,采用1.5位/级共9级流水线结构,级间增益为2并带有数字校正逻辑.为了提高其抗噪声能力及降低二阶谐波失真,该A/D转换器采用了全差分结构.全芯片模拟结果表明,在3V工作电压下,以20MHz的速度对2MHz的输入信号进行采样时,其信噪失调比达到53dB,功率消耗为28.7mW.最后,基于0.6μm CMOS工艺得到该A/D转换器核的芯片面积为1.55mm2.     

3V 10b 70 MHz CMOS D/A converter for video applications

This work describes a 10 b 70 MHz CMOS digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) for video applications. The proposed DAC is composed of a unit decoded matrix for 7 MSBs and a binary weighted array for 3 LSBs, considering linearity, power consumption, routing area and glitch energy. A new switching scheme for the unit decoded matrix is developed to further improve the linearity. Cascode current sources and differential switches with a new deglitching circuit improve the dynamic performance     

A 10-bit 100-MS/s CMOS pipelined folding A/D converter

This paper presents a 10-bit 100-MSample/s analog-to-digital（A/D） converter with pipelined folding architecture.The linearity is improved by using an offset cancellation technique and a resistive averaging interpolation network.Cascading alleviates the wide bandwidth requirement of the folding amplifier and distributed interstage track/hold amplifiers are used to realize the pipeline technique for obtaining high resolution.In SMIC 0.18μm CMOS,the A/D converter is measured as follows:the peak integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity are±0.48 LSB and±0.33 LSB,respectively.Input range is 1.0 V_P-P with a 2.29 mm² active area.At 20 MHz input @ 100 MHz sample clock,9.59 effective number of bits,59.5 dB of the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and 82.49 dB of the spurious-free dynamic range are achieved.The dissipation power is only 95 mW with a 1.8 V power supply.     

一种10位100-MS/s CMOS流水折叠式A/D转换器

采用流水折叠结构设计了一种10位100-MSample/s A/D转换器。失调取消技术和电阻平均插值网络提高了转换器的线性度。级联结构放宽了折叠放大器的带宽要求,采用分布式级间跟踪保持放大器实现流水线技术来获得更高的转换精度。基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺的测试结果如下：INL和DNL的峰值分别为0.48 LSB and 0.33 LSB。输入电压范围VP-P为1.0 V,芯片面积2.29 mm2。100 MHz采样,20 MHz输入信号下,ENOB为9.59位,SNDR为59.5 dB,SFDR为82.49 dB。1.8V电源电压下功耗仅为95 mW。     

An 8-bit 50-MHz CMOS subranging A/D converter with pipelinedwide-band S/H

An 8-b video-rate subranging analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with pipelined wideband sample-and-hold (S/H) amplifiers is described. The chip architecture is based on a newly developed subranging technique that combines a digital-to-analog subconverter and a subtractor in one body. The development of a bandwidth enhancement technique for the S/H amplifier yields a wide effective resolution bandwidth using 1-μm CMOS technology. An effective resolution bandwidth of 25 MHz was achieved, as well as a small input capacitance of 1.5 pF, due to the high performance of the S/H circuit developed     

A 15-b pipelined CMOS floating-point A/D converter

A floating-point approach can be used to extend the dynamic range of analog-to-digital (A/D) converters in applications where large signals need not be encoded with a precision greater than that required for small signals. Owing to the nonuniform nature of the quantization in a floating-point A/D converter (FADC), it is possible to sacrifice a large peak signal-to-noise ratio to obtain savings in power dissipation and area while achieving a large dynamic range. A 15-b switched-capacitor pipelined FADC has been designed with a 10-b mantissa and an exponent that provides an additional 5 bits of dynamic range. The increased dynamic range is obtained with a three-stage pipelined variable gain amplifier, while the mantissa is determined by a uniform 10-b pipelined A/D converter. An experimental prototype of the converter has been integrated in a 0.5 μm CMOS technology. It achieves a dynamic range of 90 dB at a conversion rate of 20 MSamples/s with a total power dissipation of 380 mW     

A 10-bit pipelined switched-current A/D converter

A modified RSD algorithm has been implemented in a switched-current pipelined A/D converter. The offset insensitivity of the RSD Converter reduces the effect of several nonidealities proper to current copier cells. Moreover, the benefits resulting from the large tolerances inherent to the RSD algorithm and the pipelined architecture result in an improved conversion rate. Measurements on a first prototype give an integral nonlinearity error less than 0.8 LSB for 10-bit accuracy. Power dissipation is 20 mW and silicon area is 2.5 mm² . The measured sampling rate is 550 kS/s. It is an improvement by a factor of twenty compared to known equivalent CMOS switched-current converters. It is nevertheless still well below the predicted conversion rate of 4.5 MHz, which should be obtained once this A/D converter is integrated into an analog front-end. Full compatibility with standard digital technologies makes this kind of converter attractive for low power, medium-fast converters with 10-bit accuracy     

一种10位50MS/s两级逐次逼近流水线混合型A/D转换器

本文在0.18μm CMOS工艺下,实现了一款10位50MS/s两级逐次逼近流水线混合型模数转换器（pipeline SAR ADC）。其由基于逐次逼近的增益模数单元和逐次逼近ADC组成,并采用1位冗余位放宽了子模数转换器的比较误差。通过采用逐次逼近结构,增益减半MDAC技术,动态比较器及动态逐次逼近控制逻辑,降低了模数转换器的功耗和面积。流片测试结果表明,在1.8V电源电压,50MS/s采样速率下,信噪失真比(SFDR)和功耗分别为56.04dB和5mV。     

A 10-b 50-MHz CMOS D/A converter with 75-Ω buffer

A 10-b 50-MHz digital-to-analog (D/A) converter for video applications that is based on a dual-ladder resistor string is presented. This approach allows the linearity requirements to be met without the need for selection or trimming. The D/A decoding scheme reduces the glitch energy, and signal-dependent switch signals reduce high-frequency distortion. The output buffer allows driving 1 V_pp to 75 Ω. The chip consumes 65 mW at maximum clock frequency and a full-swing output signal. The device is processed in a standard 1.6-μm CMOS process with a single 5-V supply voltage. The double-ladder architecture allows the requirements for small cell area and high linearity to be separated. Compensation techniques have been applied to reduce the second- and third-order distortion components; at 5-MHz signal frequency the total harmonic distortion is -53 dB     

A power-efficient 10-bit 40-MS/s sub-sampling pipelined CMOS analog-to-digital converter

This paper presents a 10-bit 40-MS/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for subsampling applications. A simplified opamp-sharing scheme between two successive pipelined stages is proposed to reduce the power consumption. For subsampling, a cost-effective fast input-tracking switch with high linearity is introduced to sample the input signal up to 75 MHz. A two-stage amplifier with hybrid frequency compensation is developed to achieve both high bandwidth and large swing with low power dissipation. The measured result shows that the ADC achieves over 77 dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) and 57.3 dB signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) within the first Nyquist zone and maintains over 70 dB SFDR and 55.3 dB SNDR for input signal up to 75 MHz. The peak differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are ±0.2 LSB and ±0.3 LSB, respectively. The ADC consumes 15.6 mW at the sampling rate of 40 MHz from a 1.2-V supply voltage, and achieves a figure-of-merit (FOM) value of 0.22 pJ per conversion step.     

Monolithic expandable 6 bit 20 MHz CMOS/SOS A/D converter

Standard process CMOS/SOS technology has been applied in the design of a 6 bit parallel 20 MHz A/D converter. Two chips may be interconnected in a series to obtain 7 bit resolution or in parallel to obtain nearly 40 MHz data rates. Design factors and accuracy requirements are reviewed.     

A Nyquist-rate pipelined oversampling A/D converter

A pipelined Δ-Σ analog-to-digital-converter architecture is described that incorporates the high speed of pipelined converters and the high resolution of oversampling quantization. A prototype, containing both modulation and decimation circuits on a single chip, is implemented using a 1.2-μm commercial CMOS process. It uses charge-coupled-device elements to perform pipelined analog operations. It exhibits a maximum data rate of 18 MHz, a signal-to-noise ratio of 74 dB, spurious-free dynamic range of 78 dB, differential nonlinearity of <0.15 LSB at 13 bits, and power dissipation of 324 mW     

10位100 MHz CMOS流水线A/D转换器

介绍了一种10位100 MS/s流水线A/D转换器的设计方法,采用增益提升技术,实现了增益为100 dB和单位增益带宽为1.2 GHz的高性能跨导运算放大器.改进了系统的延时单元,能够准确地锁存输出信号,减少噪声的影响.仿真结果表明,整个系统的有效位数提高了0.5位.整个系统基于TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺进行仿真,结果表明,整个电路的各个工艺角在温度为-20℃～85℃下均能满足100 MHZ采样率流水线A/D转换器的要求.     

10bit 200MHz采样率具有梯度误差补偿的CMOS视频D/A转换器实现

提出了一种10bit 200MHz采样率具有梯度误差补偿的CMOS视频D/A转换器实现电路。采用分段式结构,利用层次式对称开关序列消除由热分布不均所引起的对称误差。该DAC集成在一款视频自适应均衡芯片中,整个芯片采用Charted 3.3V电压、0.35μm CMOS工艺生产制造。DAC的面积为1.26mm×0.78mm,工作在4Fsc(14.318MHz)采样频率时,其有效数据比特为9.3个,其积分非线性误差和微分非线性误差均小于±0.5LSB。     

A 10-b, 75-MHz two-stage pipelined bipolar A/D converter

A 4-b flash first quantizer is cascaded with an efficient 7-b second quantizer to attain 10-b resolution after error correction. As the second quantizer itself embodies analog subranging through folding and interpolation, its complexity is comparable with that of the first quantizer. An input track and hold preceding the first quantizer acquires dynamic signals with low distortion, and a second track and hold delays the analog residue signal to pipeline the operation of the two quantizers. This collection of components, accompanied by all necessary digital circuits for encoding and error correction is fabricated on an all-NPN 4-GHz f_T bipolar IC measuring 4×4 mm, which dissipates 800 mW from ±5-V supplies. At a 75-MEPi conversion rate, the untrimmed ADC exhibits 59 db S/(N+D) with a 6-MHz full-scale input, which diminishes by only 3 dB when the input frequency rises to 50 MHz     

A dual 10-b 200-MSPS pipelined D/A converter with DLL-based clock synthesizer

A dual 10-b/200-MSPS pipelined digital-to-analog converter (DAC) suitable for communication applications is here presented. Prior implementation limitations have been overcome through circuit techniques. A prototype has been designed using a 4-metal-levels 3.3-V 0.5-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology and operates on a 3-phase clock synthesized by an on-chip delay-locked loop (DLL). The DAC shows 9.7 effective bits and 70 dB of spurious free dynamic range for a synthesized sine wave of 2 V/sub pp/ at 34 MHz and output rate of 200 MSPS. Altogether, the two DACs, their reference, and the DLL occupy an active area of 2.28 mm/sup 2/ and consume 693 mW at full speed.     

A 14-bit 10-μs subranging A/D converter with S/H

A microprocessor-compatible, 14-bit, 10-μs subranging analog-to-digital converter with a sample/hold amplifier (SHA) is described. The chip architecture is based on a five-cycle subranging flash technique using both analog and digital error correction. The conversion speed is enhanced by an analog correction method, whereby redundant bit currents allow digital/analog converter updates without changing bits determined in previous cycles. The residue signal path uses simple circuitry and is highly differential. Prototype performance has been demonstrated     

A 10-bit 20-MHz two-step parallel A/D converter with internal S/H

A 10-bit 20-MHz A/D converter for high-quality video systems such as high-definition television, video tape recorders for business use, and digital video cameras is described. This LSI circuit uses a standard two-step parallel architecture, includes automatic gain adjustment and digital two-bit error correction, and has a sample-and-hold circuit on the chip. It is fabricated by a 4.5-GHz f_T. 3-μm-rule standard bipolar technology. Its die size is 25 mm² , and its power consumption is 900 mW, which is about half of the lowest values reported to date. The converter can digitize video signals of up to 8.5 MHz at a conversion frequency of 20 MHz. The error in differential gain is 0.5 percent, and the error in differential phase is 0.5°     

一种用于14bit 50MHz流水线模数转换器的CMOS采样开关

分析了影响CMOS采样开关性能的非理想因素,针对14bit 50MHz A/D转换器对采样开关特性的要求,提出了一种新型的时钟馈通补偿结构.该结构通过增加dummy开关管能够有效消除时钟馈通对采样值的影响,打破了开关设计中速度和精度之间的制约关系.基于SMIC 0.25μm标准CMOS数模混合工艺,采用Hspice对电路进行了模拟.模拟结果显示,在输入信号为23.3MHz正弦波,峰峰值为2V,采样时钟频率为50MHz,时钟上升/下降时间为0.1ns时,无杂散动态范围达到92dB,信噪失真比达到83dB;同时时钟馈通效应造成的保持误差由5.5mV降为90μV.这种具有时钟馈通补偿结构的采样开关特别适用于高速高分辨率模数转换器.