复方芦荟辅助降低血糖的功能研究

目的:研究复方芦荟辅助降低四氧嘧啶模型糖尿病小鼠血糖的功能。方法:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,按血糖水平随机分为4组:高、中、低剂量组和模型对照组,并设正常对照组和高剂量对照组。小鼠连续灌胃30 d后,测定空腹血糖值和糖耐量。结果:复方芦荟对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显作用(P0.05),中剂量和高剂量组能明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖(P0.05),下降率分别为4.4%和0.3%;高剂量组能明显改善糖尿病小鼠糖耐量和降低餐后2 h血糖。结论:按评价标准,在该实验条件下复方芦荟具有辅助降低血糖的作用。     

燕麦-葡聚糖辅助降血糖功能的研究

目的研究燕麦β-葡聚糖对大鼠辅助降血糖功能的作用。方法以0.375、0.75和1.5 g/(kg·bw)剂量的燕麦β-葡聚糖对大鼠灌胃,分别进行空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、糖耐量、胰岛素抵抗指数测定。结果胰岛素抵抗糖/脂代谢紊乱模型成立。与模型组比较,各受试样品剂量组空腹血糖下降百分率及糖耐量血糖曲线下面积无统计学差异(P0.05);中、高剂量组糖耐量0 h(空腹血糖)血糖值有统计学差异(P0.05);中剂量组糖耐量0.5h血糖值及高剂量组糖耐量2h血糖值有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论燕麦β-葡聚糖具有辅助降血糖的保健功能。     

啤酒花浸膏的异构化工艺研究

α-酸是啤酒花软树脂中的一个重要组分,在啤酒酿造过程中会生成苦味更强、水溶性更好的异α-酸,是啤酒苦味的主要来源,也是提供啤酒防腐能力的主要成分。以正交试验为基础,直接以啤酒花浸膏为原料,不分离浸膏中的啤酒花油和β-酸等软树脂类,考察了溶剂、反应温度、反应体系的pH值、催化剂镁盐的使用量、以及反应时间等多个因素对异构化反应的影响。试验结果表明,尽管啤酒花浸膏的黏度较高,但无需添加溶剂稀释即可完成反应;在保证浸膏中α-酸完全异构,而啤酒花风味和β-酸基本不发生变化的情况下,镁盐与α-酸的摩尔比为2．0：1、反应温度为100℃、反应时间为60min、pH值为11．0作为异构化反应的最佳条件,并在此条件下进行了放大验证,浸膏中的异α-酸收率超过96％。     

不同量黑苦荞茶对小鼠血糖及糖耐量的影响

采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立高血糖模型小鼠,随机分为模型对照组、低剂量黑苦荞茶组和高剂量黑苦荞茶组,连续30d灌胃,观察试验前后各组动物空腹血糖值变化及糖耐量情况.结果表明,与模型对照组相比.低剂量组动物的空腹血糖值及血糖上升百分率较有显著性降低,血糖曲线下面积也有降低的趋势.结论认为,黑苦荞茶具有改善糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的作用.     

癞葡萄水提物的降糖效果研究

为研究癞葡萄水提物对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度的影响,将不同剂量(250mg/kg体重、500mg/kg体重和750mg/kg体重)的水提物灌胃给予禁食12h的正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠。试验结果表明,癞葡萄水提物对正常小鼠的血糖浓度没有影响,而对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠的血糖浓度有显著影响。其中500mg/kg剂量组糖尿病小鼠的血糖值在灌胃4h后较相应的初始血糖值下降45.28%,糖尿量提高38.39%;给予500mg/kg水提物治疗15d后,糖尿病小鼠血糖值较治疗前下降59.88%,同时对小鼠体重的恢复有一定的促进作用。结果表明癞葡萄水提物对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠具有良好的预防和治疗效果。     

超细大豆皮膳食纤维对糖尿病模型小鼠糖耐量的影响

目的：探讨超细大豆皮膳食纤维对正常和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病模型小鼠糖耐量的影响。方法：对正常和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病模型小鼠灌胃5g/kg bw 超细大豆皮膳食纤维(140～200 目和穿过200 目)后进行血糖耐量实验。结果：与正常对照组比较,正常小鼠两个剂量组的血糖曲线下面积分别减小14.94% 和15.48%,有显著性差异(P ＜ 0.05),餐后血糖峰值分别降低12.38% 和12.51%;对糖尿病模型小鼠,两个剂量组的血糖曲线下面积分别减小24.05% 和29.68%,有极显著性差异(P ＜ 0.01),餐后血糖峰值分别降低38.71% 和39.26%。结论：超细大豆皮膳食纤维使正常和糖尿病模型小鼠的糖耐量有显著改善,使餐后血糖峰值及血糖值降低,但大豆皮膳食纤维的粒度差别对正常和糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖耐量和餐后血糖峰值影响差别不明显。     

不同分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的:研究不同分子量的水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法:通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素160 mg/kg建立小鼠糖尿病模型,并将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组、实验组(高分子量羧甲基壳聚糖组、中分子量羧甲基壳聚糖组、低分子量羧甲基壳聚糖组),设置空白对照组,每组12只。实验组小鼠每日按990 mg/kg·b·w分别灌胃不同分子量羧甲基壳聚糖,模型组和空白对照组按体质量灌胃相同体积的蒸馏水,阳性对照组按20 mg/kg·b·w灌胃拜唐苹阿卡波糖,连续灌胃28 d,于末次灌胃后测定小鼠空腹血糖值、糖耐量。结果:不同分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对高血糖模型小鼠体重没有显著影响(p0.05);与模型组比较,低分子量组能极显著的降低造模小鼠的血糖浓度(p0.01),中分子量组能显著的降低造模小鼠的血糖浓度(p0.05),而高分子量组未见显著效果;并且三者均可改善糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量。综上所述,低分子量羧甲基壳聚糖降血糖效果最好,中分子量羧甲基壳聚糖效果次之,高分子量羧甲基壳聚糖效果最弱。     

中国香型啤酒花札一的品质分析和评价

采用顸空固相微萃取方法对国产香型啤酒花品种札-的压缩花和液态CO2浸膏中的挥发性成分进行了分析,并测定了该啤酒花品种的总树脂、软树脂、硬树脂、α-酸、β-酸和啤酒花多酚等多项指标,并与国外优质香型花SAAZ的各项影响酿造性能的参数进行了比较.结果表明,札-啤酒花具有较低的α-酸含量(3.40%,w/w),其β-酸含量在3.50%(w/w),合葎草酮在α-酸中所占的比例为23.92%;挥发性成分中β-法呢烯的相对含量达到了11.52%(w/w),在浸膏中的相对含量更高(14.48%);α-香柠檬烯的含量在压缩花和浸膏中分别为0.90%和1.56%,与国际优质香型啤酒花的含量指标相符合,表明札-具有优质香型啤酒花的品质,其液态CO2浸膏基本保持了压缩花的风味特征.     

海洋小球藻粉膳食干预对糖尿病小鼠降血糖及抗氧化作用

探讨海洋小球藻粉膳食干预对糖尿病小鼠降血糖及抗氧化作用.分别采用掺有不同含量海洋小球藻粉的复合饲料饲喂糖尿病模型小鼠28 d,连续测定小鼠血糖水平.实验结束后,测定小鼠糖耐量、血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量.与正常对照组比较,各糖尿病模型组小鼠体重升高程度、葡萄糖耐受量、SOD与GSH-Px含量均显著降低(p＜0.05),血糖值与MDA水平显著升高(p＜0.05).与模型对照组 比较,中、高剂量海洋小球藻粉膳食干预组小鼠体重升高程度、葡萄糖耐受量、SOD与GSH-Px含量均显著增加(p＜0.05),血糖值与MDA水平显著降低(p＜0.05).结果表明海洋小球藻粉膳食干预对糖尿病小鼠具有良好的降血糖及抗氧化作用,中、高剂量效果最好.     

沙棘蛋白的特性及其对db/db糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

本文研究了沙棘蛋白对2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠的降血糖作用。以m/m小鼠为正常对照组,db/db糖尿病模型小鼠为研究对象,每日灌胃300 mg/kg二甲双胍和不同剂量的沙棘蛋白,分别为沙棘蛋白高剂量组(SSPH,200 mg/kg)、沙棘蛋白中剂量组(SSPM,100 mg/kg)、沙棘蛋白低剂量组(SSPL,50 mg/kg),连续灌胃8周。测量初始血糖和体重以及灌胃第1周、第4周、第8周小鼠体重和血糖,并于第8周末对小鼠进行口服糖耐量测试(OGTTs)。db/db小鼠在实验开始时就表现出明显肥胖,行动迟缓,贪食贪饮,高血糖等症状,实验进行4周后,db/db小鼠未治疗组(DC)较沙棘蛋白治疗组体重增长缓慢、小鼠眼神呆滞、毛发稀疏、垫料潮湿。治疗8周后与DC组血糖峰值(28.06 mmol/L)相比SSPL组血糖值为19.89 mmol/L,降血糖效果显著(P<0.05),SSPH体重增加明显,增长率为9.19%,各组小鼠精神状态良好。实验表明沙棘蛋白可以明显降低db/db小鼠的血糖,减轻糖尿病对小鼠的损伤。     

余甘子提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的：研究余甘子提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法：采用小鼠尾静脉注射70mg/kg四氧嘧啶建立小鼠糖尿病模型。分别灌胃给予二甲双胍阳性对照药物、余甘子乙醇提取物、余甘子水提取物,测定糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度的变化。结果：与糖尿病模型组比较,余甘子水提取物降血糖作用明显(p<0.05),余甘子乙醇提取物仅有降血糖趋势,无统计学意义(p＞0.05)。结论：余甘子水提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠具有显著的降血糖的作用(p<0.05)。     

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HOPS AND HOP EXTRACTS BY HIGH PRESSURE ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

A new analysis for hop acids in hops and hop extracts is described. It is based on recent developments in high pressure liquid chromatography using pellicular anion exchange column filling material. Quantitative evaluation of α-acids, β-acids and oxidation products in hops and hop extracts is carried out by standard addition of pure humulone. The α-acids are completely separated from other hop substances before quantitation. The results of α-acids determinations must therefore be more accurate than was formerly possible and they are compared with conductometric titration results which are systematically higher. This is to be expected as it becomes more and more obvious that paper strip and conductometric analysis are not selective enough and determine fractions as “α-acids” which are in fact oxidation products of the hop acids.     

AUTOMATED REPORTING ON THE QUALITY OF HOPS AND HOP PRODUCTS

The quality of a hop variety or a hop product can readily be assessed by a fully automated sequence of selective extraction, fractionation and quantitative analysis. To illustrate the elegance of the method, nine hop varieties and three hop extracts were compared with respect to the content of important marker compounds in the hop oils and of the hop acids. Supercritical fluid extraction at different densities of carbon dioxide was applied to extract selectively, the hop oils and the hop acids, respectively. The hop oils were further fractionated into an apolar and a polar fraction by solid phase extraction and consecutive elution with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Separation and identification were achieved by capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Myrcene, β;-caryophyllene, α;-humulene and β;-farnesene in the apolar fraction, linalool, undecan-2-one, tridecan-2-one and humuladienone in the polar fraction were selected for quantitative evaluation of the respective hop oils. Sulphur-containing compounds were revealed by capillary gas chromatography using sulphur-selective atomic emission detection. Complete separation and quantification of all hop α;-acids and β;-acids was effected by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography coupled to diode array detection .     

水芹提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠成模的干预

高糖高脂饲料喂养小鼠5周后,对其进行腹腔一次性小剂量(75mg/kg)注射STZ的方法建立2型糖尿病模型。应用水芹提取物灌胃,监测小鼠体质量、血脂四项、空腹血糖等指标,进行数据分析,考察水芹提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠成模的干预作用。水芹提取物对小鼠由高糖高脂饲料喂养引起的血脂四项指标上升有明显的抵御作用。高糖高脂饲料喂养组小鼠注射STZ后第3周成模,且成模率为80%,水芹水提物组成模率为40%,水芹醇提物组成模率为60%,且水芹提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠体质量下降有明显减缓趋势。水芹提取液对高糖高脂饲料喂养联合STZ诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠成模具有一定的干预作用。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响

目的:探究燕麦β-葡聚糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠高脂饲料喂养4周,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立2型糖尿病模型,成模后随机分为模型对照组和燕麦β-葡聚糖低、中、高剂量组。低、中、高剂量组由基础饲料添加燕麦β-葡聚糖至其质量分数分别为0.275%、0.550%、1.100%,模型对照组和正常对照组均以基础饲料喂养。10周后,测定其空腹血糖、肠道菌群以及结肠β-防御素-2、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secretory immunoglobulin A,s Ig A)、紧密连接蛋白Occludin含量。结果:高剂量组较模型对照组血糖水平显著降低(P0.05);燕麦β-葡聚糖各干预组结肠紧密连接蛋白Occludin的表达水平显著高于模型对照组(P0.05),β-防御素-2水平显著低于模型对照组(P0.05),结肠s Ig A水平与模型对照组之间的差异不显著(P0.05);中、高剂量组结肠大肠杆菌数量上升幅度减小(P0.05),燕麦β-葡聚糖各干预组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量上升幅度增大(P0.05)。结论:燕麦β-葡聚糖可以改善2型糖尿病大鼠肠黏膜机械屏障和生物屏障的损伤,起到保护肠黏膜屏障的作用。     

ESTIMATION OF α- AND β-ACIDS IN HOP EXTRACTS BY HPLC

A procedure relying on high performance liquid chromatography for the estimation of α-acids and β-acids in hop extracts has been collaboratively tested by members of a Sub-Committee of the Institute of Brewing Analysis Committee and is recommended for use. No significant differences were found between precision values obtained using peak height and peak area measurements. For α-acids, the mean repeatability (r₉₅) and reproducibility (R₉₅) values were 1-3 and 2-4% m/m respectively over the range 41–62% m/m. For β-acids they were 0-9 and 2-0% m/m respectively over the range 11 to 35% m/m. The precision values were judged to be independent of concentration.     

毛豆对2型糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂影响

目的:研究毛豆对链脲菌素致ICR糖尿病小鼠血糖、血脂的影响。方法:高脂饲料联合腹腔注射链脲菌素得到2型糖尿病模型小鼠,以二甲双胍作为阳性对照组,给药组分别为毛豆高剂量组4.35g/kg,毛豆低剂量组2.20g/kg进行28d灌胃实验。结果:给药28d后,毛豆低剂量组血糖降低作用明显,小鼠空腹血糖比实验前降低29.78%,曲线下面积(AUC)下降了12.52%;与模型对照组相比,TC、TG值都有显著降低(p<0.05)。结论:毛豆对2型糖尿病小鼠具有良好的降血糖、降血脂作用。      

葡萄酒泡洋葱降脂降糖作用的研究

目的:研究葡萄酒泡洋葱对实验性2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响。方法:采用高脂高糖饲料加链脲佐菌素诱导小鼠糖尿病及高血脂模型,根据体质量、血糖水平将小鼠随机分为6组:即空白对照组,模型组,葡萄酒泡洋葱高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照组（盐酸二甲双胍）。连续灌胃给药30 d,观察小鼠胰腺、肝脏、血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平及氧化应激指标的变化。结果:与模型组相比,葡萄酒泡洋葱中剂量及高剂量组小鼠胰岛内充满胰岛素分泌颗粒、肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,表明对胰腺及肝脏有一定保护作用;同时其能够降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖、提高血清胰岛素水平,降低2-型糖尿病小鼠的总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三脂（TG）含量（p<0.05）,使小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力升高、丙二醛（MDA）水平下降（p<0.01）。结论:研究表明葡萄酒泡洋葱中、高剂量均具有较强的抗氧化能力能够保护胰腺、肝脏,具有一定的降血糖作用,同时能有效改善糖尿病小鼠脂质代谢紊乱。      

Potential impact of medium characteristics on the isomerisation of hop α-acids in wort and buffer model systems

Many brewing variables, e.g., pH, boiling time, temperature, and the presence of metal catalysts, are essential in view of the isomerisation of hop α-acids into iso-α-acids. In this work, a comparative study on the impact of several selected factors on α-acids isomerisation was performed in both buffer model solutions and wort, in order to find out enhanced boiling conditions for higher isomerisation yields.     

PREPARATION OF HOP EXTRACTS RICH IN PARTICULAR CONSTITUENTS*

When a column containing powdered hops is extracted with liquid carbon dioxide, chromatographic separation of hop components occurs. They are extracted in the order essential oils, β-acids, α-acids; and the separation is enhanced when finely milled hops are extracted. Early fractions (～0·5 hour) contain a high proportion of the available essential oils when hops are extracted at ?20°C and such extracts are suitable as a replacement for dry hops. Fractions can be obtained from extractions at ～7°C which are rich in α-acids and contain low levels of β-acids. Small amounts of fats and waxes are normally present in fractions collected towards the end of a run when seeded hops are extracted.