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1.
Gilles Barnathan Pierre Doumenq Jean-Michel Njinkoué Joseph Mirallès Cécile Debitus Claude Lévi Jean-Michel Komprobst 《Lipids》1994,29(4):297-303
The fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the New Caledonian spongeCinachyrella aff.schulzei Keller was studied. More than 60 fatty acids were identified as methyl esters andN-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two isoprenoid fatty acids also were shown
to be present, namely 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic and 5,9,13-trimethyltetradecanoic acids. The unusual 6-tetradecenoic, 6-pentadecenoic,
12-nonadecenoic and 26-methylheptacosanoic (iso-28∶0) acids were found for the first time in sponge phospholipids. A series of six n−7 monoenoic long-chain fatty acids (C23 to C28) were identified, including the rare 16-tricosenoic, 18-pentacosenoic and 21-octacosenoic acids. Fifteen fatty acids possessing
the typical 5,9 dienoic moiety accounted for 30% of the total fatty acid mixture. Two new fatty acids were identified, namely
5(Z)-octacosenoic and 27-methyl-5(Z),9(Z)-octacosadienoic (iso-5,9-29∶2). Based on gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared experiments, the double bonds were assigned the (Z) configuration.
For part 2 of this series, see Reference 1. 相似文献
2.
The cyclopropane fatty acids 17-methyl-trans-4,5-methyleneoctadecanoic acid, 18-methyl-trans-4,5-methylenenonadecanoic acid, and 17-methyl-trans-4,5-methylenenonadecanoic acid were characterized for the first time in nature in the phospholipids (mainly PE, PG and PS)
of the hermit-crab sponge Pseudospongosorites suberitoides. Pyrrolidine derivatization was the key in identifying the position of the cyclopropyl and methyl groups in the acyl chains
and 1H NMR was used to determine the trans stereochemistry of the cyclopropane ring. The phospholipids from the sponge also contained an interesting series of iso-anteiso Δ5,9 fatty acids with chain-lengths between 17 and 21 carbons, with the fatty acids (5Z,9Z)-18-methyl-5,9-nonadecadienoic acid and the (5Z,9Z)-17-methyl-5,9-nonadecadienoic acid being described for the first time in sponges. The anteiso α-methoxylated fatty acid 2-methoxy-12-methyltetradecanoic acid was also identified for the first time in nature in the phospholipids
of this interesting marine sponge. The novel cyclopropyl fatty acids could have originated from the phospholipids of a cyanobacterium
living in symbiosis with the sponge. 相似文献
3.
The Δ6 monoenoic methoxylated FA (6Z)-2-methoxy-6-heptadecenoic acid and (6Z)-2-methoxy-6-octadecenoic acid were identified for the first time in nature in the phospholipids from the uncommon Caribbean
sponge Spheciospongia cuspidifera. These findings expand the occurrence of Δ6 2-methoxylated FA to C17−C18 chain lengths and establish a new FA biosynthetic possibility for these marine organisms. The novel methoxylated FA also
could have originated from the phospholipids of a bacterium in symbiosis with the sponge. 相似文献
4.
The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean sponge Erylus goffrilleri is described for the first time. A total of 70 fatty acids with chain lengths between 13 and 29 carbons were identified in
the sponge. Methyl-branched fatty acids predominated in E. goffrilleri suggesting the presence of a considerable number of bacterial symbionts. The novel fatty acids (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-octadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-nonadecadienoic acid, and (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-eicosadienoic acid are described for the first time in the literature. In addition, the iso-methyl-branched fatty acids (9Z)-2-methoxy-15-methyl-9-hexadecenoic acid and (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-15-methyl-5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, also identified in E. goffrilleri, were identified for the first time in nature. Based on the identified metabolites it is proposed that the unprecedented
biosynthetic sequence: i-17:1Δ9 → 2-OMe-i-17:1Δ9 → 2-OMe-i-17:2Δ5,9 might be responsible for the biosynthesis of the novel iso-α-methoxylated fatty acids in E. goffrilleri. 相似文献
5.
The very long-chain fatty acids, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-tetracosadienoic, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-23-methyl-5,9-tetracosadienoic, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-pentacosadienoic and (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-24-methyl-5,9-pentacosadienoic acids, were identified in the phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylethanolamine) of
the spongeAgelas sp. Structure elucidation was accomplished by means of mass spectrometry and chemical transformations, including deuteration
with Wilkinson's catalyst. All of the sterols from the sponge had the Δ5,7 nucleus, with 24-methylcholesta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol
(ergosterol) and 24-ethylcholesta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol being the most abundant. 相似文献
6.
Mary J. Garson Mary P. Zimmermann Christopher N. Battershill Janet L. Holden Peter T. Murphy 《Lipids》1994,29(7):509-516
The tropical marine spongeAmphimedon terpenensis (family Niphatidae, order Haplosclerida) has previously been shown to possess unusual lipids, including unusual fatty acids.
The biosynthetic origin of these fatty acids is of interest as the sponge supports a significant population of eubacterial
and cyanobacterial symbionts. The total fatty acid composition of the sponge was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
of the methyl esters. Among the most abundant of the fatty acids in intact tissue were 16∶0, 18∶0 and 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic
(phytanic) acid. In addition, three brominated fatty acids, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-tetracosadienoic acid (24∶2Br), (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-pentacosadienoic acid (25∶2Br) and (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid (26∶2Br) were also present. The three brominated fatty acids, together with phytanic acid,
were isolated from both ectosomoal (superficial) and choanosomal (internal) regions of the sponge. Analysis of extracts prepared
from sponge/symbiont cells, partitioned by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll, indicated that phytanic acid and the
three brominated fatty acids were associated with sponge cells only. Further, a fatty acid methyl ester sample from intact
tissue ofA. terpenensis was partitioned according to phospholipid class, and the brominated fatty acids were shown to be associated with the phosphatidylserine
and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions that are commonly present in marine sponge lipids. The phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol
fractions were rich in the relatively shorter chain fatty acids (16∶0 and 18∶0). The association of brominated long-chain
fatty acids (LCFA) with sponge cells has been confirmed. The findings allow comment on the use of fatty acid profiles in chemotaxonomy
and permit further interpretation of LCFA biosynthetic pathways in sponges. The assignment of the sponge studied, which is
currently placed asA. terpenensis, is being supported to some extent, but the species is unusual in having C25 fatty acids as the major constituent in this group. Other factors, such as season or microenvironmental conditions, may influence
observed fatty acid composition which tends to reduce the usefulness of fatty acid profiles as markers in sponge chemotaxonomy. 相似文献
7.
Yu-Yan Yeh 《Lipids》1988,23(12):1114-1118
A restricted maternal dietary intake (40% of ad libitum intake) is known to cause myelin deficit that is accompanied by decreased
amounts of individual phospholipids and sphingolipids in brain myelin of suckling rats. This communication reports the effects
of the same nutritional stress on the fatty acid composition of brain myelin lipids. In myelin of 19-day-old normally fed
rats, palmitate (16∶0), stearate (18∶0) and oleate (18∶1) accounted for 80–90% of all fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Maternal dietary restriction resulted in deficits of total fatty acid content,
but did not affect the proportional distribution of individual fatty acids among phospholipids. By contrast, longer chain
(22- and 24-carbon) fatty acids accounted for more than half the fatty acid content of myelin cerebroside and sulfatide from
the 19-day-old control rat pups. In undernourished rats of that age, proportions of lignocerate (24∶0) and nervonate (24∶1)
in cerebroside and sulfatide were 40–50% lower than those in control rats. This, together with higher proportions of 16∶0,
18∶0 and 18∶1 and a higher ratio of C16−C20 to C22−C24 in under-nourished than in control rats, suggests an impairment in fatty acid chain elongation. Ten days of nutritional rehabilitation
failed to restore the fatty acid imbalances; however, after an additional 5 days of ad libitum feeding, the experimental and
control values were similar. The undernutrition results in hypomyelination, which is characterized by a proportional decrease
in lignoceric and nervonic acids of sphingolipids. 相似文献
8.
The free sterols and phospholipids of the demospongeAplysina fistularis were isolated and analyzed. The free sterols consisted mainly of the unusual 26-methylated sterols aplysterol (53%) and 24(28)-dehydroaplysterol
(7%) together with 7 commonly occurring sterods. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol,
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acyl components of the phospholipids
consisted of 85% C14−C20 acids, including the unprecedented 2,6,10-trimethyl-5-tetradecenoic acid and 11-methyloctadecanoic acid. The remaining 15%
were C27−C30 demospongic acids, including 2 novel acids tentatively assigned the structures 5,9,23-octacosatrienoic acid and 5,9,23-nonacosatrienoic
acid, and 3 novel acids proven to be 5,9,21-octacosatrienoic acid, Z,Z-20-methyl-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid and Z,Z-22-methyl-5,9-octacosadienoic
acid. The biosyntheses of the novel demospongic acids are proposed to occur by chain elongation of monoenoic or branched precursors
followed by desaturation. The large quantities of typically bacterial phospholipids and fatty acids found implied the presence
of bacteria in the sponge, in agreement with microscopic studies. Analysis of the phospholipid-bound fatty acids in a sponge
cell-enriched fraction indicated that the demospongic acids, including the 2 branched structures, were the major acids of
the sponge cells. The presence inA. fistularis of demospongic acids containing membrane disordering groups—methyl branches or double bonds—on the ω7 carbon is proposed
to be due to the need by the sponge for membranes possessing fluidity near the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. It is also
proposed that the C26 methyl group of aplysterol causes disordering of the phospholipid bilayer in the same region, and thus also evolved in response
to this need.
For part 1, see ref. 1.
Phylum porifera, class demospongia, subclass ceractinomorpha, order verongida, family aplysinidae (2). Formerly known asVerongia thiona de Laubenfels.
Major diagnostic fragments from peak 23:M+ 471 (2.9%); m/z 442 (C26, 0.2%); m/z 428 (C25, 0.2%); m/z 414 (C24, 0.1%); m/z 400 (C23, 0.3%); (absence of C22 peak); m/z 374 (C21, 0.2%); m/z 360 (C20, 0.2%); m/z 234 (C11, 1.0%); m/z 220 (C10, 0.7%); m/z 206 (C9, 0.5%); m/z 194 (C8, 0.4%); m/z 180 (C7, 24.9%); m/z 166 (C6, 1.2%); m/z 152 (C5, 0.8%); m/z 140 (C4, 1.3%); m/z 126 (C3, 18.7%).
Major diagnostic fragments from peak 25:M+ 485 (0.9%); m/z 456 (C27, 0.1%); (absence of C26, C25 peaks); m/z 414 (C24, 0.3%); m/z 400 (C23, 0.1%); m/z 402 (C23, 0.1%); (absence of C22 peak); m/z 374 (C21, 0.1%); m/z 360 (C20, 0.1%); m/z 234 (C11, 0.5%); m/z 220 (C10, 0.3%); m/z 206 (C9, 0.1%); m/z 194 (C8, 0.2%); m/z 180 (C7, 18.0%); m/z 166 (C6); m/z 152 (C5), m/z 140 (C4); m/z 126 (C3, 15.0%). 相似文献
9.
Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami Ken-ichiro Minegishi Atushi Takahashi Yasushi Kawasaki Yuji Kurokawa Mitsuru Uchiyama 《Lipids》1988,23(9):869-877
Skin-surface lipids from the monkeyMacaca fascicularis are composed of sterol esters (38%), cholesterol (4%) and two types of wax diesters, identified as Type II (IIa and IIb,
17% and 40%, respectively). Type IIa contained diesters of 1,2-alkanediols esterified with two molecules of long-chain (C14−C34) fatty acids having straight and branched chains. In the diesters IIa, fatty acids shorter than C19 predominated in position 1, and fatty acids longer than C20 predominated in position 2. Type IIb contained diesters of 1,2-alkanediols esterified with C4 and C5 branched-chain fatty acids (predominantly isovaleric acid) at position 1 and long-chain (C14−C27) acids, having straight and branched chains, at position 2. The shortchain acids were converted to 2-nitrophenylhydrazides
and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ammonia chemical ionization (CI)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass
spectrometry (MS) resolved the intact diesters IIb into 12 peaks corresponding to molecular weights ranging from 597 to 748,
and showed that the molecular species, such as C21−C16−C5 (diol, fatty acid in position 2, fatty acid in position 1), C22−C16−C5 and C23−C16−C5, were prevalent. The fatty acids from both diesters were mostly (>98%) saturated. The 1,2-alkanediols from both diesters
consisted of C16−C26 saturated straight- and branched-chain components. The acyl groups of sterol esters contained 86% C14−C34 branched-chain acids. The unsaturated fatty acids (5.4%) belonged to a straight-chain monoenoic series having extremely long
chains (C18−C34). The branched-chain structures in the fatty acids and diols were iso and anteiso. These results show the species-specific
profile for the skin-surface lipid synthesis. 相似文献
10.
Néstor M. Carballeira Anthony Sostre Kamen Stefanov Simeon Popov Athanas Kujumgiev Stefka Dimitrova-Konaklieva Carmen G. Tosteson Thomas R. Tosteson 《Lipids》1997,32(12):1271-1275
The fatty acid composition of a new strain of Vibrio alginolyticus, found in the alga Cladophora coelothrix, was studied. Among 38 different fatty acids, a new fatty acid, 9-methyl-10-hexadecenoic acid and the unusual 11-methyl-12-octadecenoic
acid, were identified. Linear alkylbenzene fatty acids, such as 10-phenyldecanoic acid, 12-phenyldodecanoic acid and 14-phenyltetradecanoic
acid, were also found in V. alginolyticus. The alga contained 43% saturated fatty acids, and 28% C16–C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n−3 and n−6 families. 相似文献
11.
The firsttrans fatty acids from a sponge have been isolated fromPlakortis halichondroides. The sponge was shown to contain theiso acids (5E,9E)-19-methyl-5,9-eicosadienoic, (5E,9E)-20-methyl-5,9-heneicosadienoic and (5E,9E)-21-methyl-5,9-docosadienoic
acid, as well as theanteiso acids (5E,9E)-19-methyl-5,9-heneicosadienoic and (5E,9E)-20-methyl-5,9-docosadienoic acid together with the straight chain
(5E,9E)-5,9-docosadienoic acid. The acids were shown by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared and13C nuclear magnetic resonance to contain thetrans configuration. An eicosadienoic acid, namely (6E,14E)-6,14-eicosadienoic acid, and 12-methyl-5-octadecenoic acid were also
identified in a sponge for the first time. The fatty acids were shown to be the principal constituents of phosphatidylethanolamine
and phosphatidylcholine. No sterols were found in the sponge. The results presented in this work should be helpful in taxonomy
of Homoscleromorpha. 相似文献
12.
Sakayu Shimizu Hiroshi Kawashima Kengo Akimoto Yoshifumi Shinmen Hideaki Yamada 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(4):254-258
A soil isolate,Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was found to show high production of odd chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) among various arachidonic acid-producingMortierella strains tested. The fungus mainly accumulated 5,8,11,M-cis-nonadecatetraenoic acid. With 5%n-hepta-decane and 1% yeast extract as growth substrates, the amount of C19:4:4 acid accumulated reached 44.4 mg/g dry mycelia (0.68 mg/mL of culture broth). This value accounted for 11.2% of the total
fatty acids in the extracted lipids from mycelia, and odd chain fatty acids comprised over 95% of the total mycelial fatty
acids. The addition of sesamin, a specific inhibitor of A5 desaturation, caused an increase in C19:3 acid and an accompanying decrease in C19:4 acid. On the other hand, species ofMortierella that could not produce C-20 PUFAs accumulated C-17 acids, but no C-19 PUFAs, when grown with fatty substrates with an odd
chain skeleton. The odd chain PUFAs were distributed in both neutral and polar lipids. The biosynthetic route to C19:4 acid was presumed to mimic the n-6 route to arachidonic acid as follows: C17:0 → C17:1→ C17:2→ C17:3 → C19:3 → C19:4 acids.
On leave from Suntory Ltd. 相似文献
13.
M. W. Spence 《Lipids》1971,6(11):831-835
Rats were maintained 120–140 days on a normal diet (group 1) or one deficient in fatty acids (group 2). Isomer composition
was determined of monoenoic fatty acids (16∶1, 18∶1) isolated from total lipids of heart, kidney, lung, brain and lumbar fat,
and from separated neutral lipids and phospholipids of heart and kidney. Group 1: The number of major isomers of C16∶1 and C18∶1 was similar in all tissues but their proportions varied in different tissues and types of lipid. Group 2: The proportions
of 16∶1(n−7) increased and of other 16∶1 isomers decreased in all tissues; 18∶1(n−9) was increased at the expense of (n−7) in heart, to a lesser extent in kidney, and was little changed in lung, lumbar fat, or brain. The decrease in proportion
of 18∶1(n−7) was greatest in heart-muscle phospholipids. C20∶3 comprised 95% (n−9) and 5% (n−7) in heart and kidney lipids. The changes in group 2 probably represent the body’s attempts to maintain lipids with the
physical and chemical properties necessary to normal biological function.
Nomenclature of fatty acids as in IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, “The nomenclature of lipids,” J. Biol.
Chem. 242:4845–49 (1967). 相似文献
14.
Quévrain E Barnathan G Meziane T Domart-Coulon I Rabesaotra V Bourguet-Kondracki ML 《Lipids》2012,47(4):345-353
The fatty acid composition of the temperate calcareous marine sponge Leuconia johnstoni Carter 1871 (Calcaronea, Calcarea) was characterized for the first time in specimens collected off the Brittany coast of
France over four years from October 2005 to September 2008. Forty-one fatty acids (FA) with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C22 were identified as fatty methyl esters (FAME) and N-acyl pyrrolidide (NAP) derivatives by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Twenty-two saturated fatty acids (SFA)
were identified accounting for 52.1–59.0% of the total FA and dimethylacetals (DMA). In addition, among the SFA, we noticed
the presence of numerous methyl-branched iso and anteiso FA, suggesting a large number of associated bacteria within L. johnstoni. Thirteen monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, 28.0–36.0% of total FA + DMA) were also identified as well as six polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA, 4.0–8.2%). A noticeable DMA was detected at a high level, particularly in September 2008 (11.8%), indicating
the presence of plasmalogens in this sponge species. This calcareous sponge lacked the non-methylene-interrupted FA (NMI FA)
with a Δ5,9 system typical of siliceous Demosponges and Hexactinellids. The occurrence of the unusual 8,13-octadecadienoic
acid was reported for the first time as a minor PUFA in a calcareous sponge. The major FA, representing 20–25% of this sponge
FA, was identified as the new 2-methyl-13-icosenoic acid from mass spectra of its methyl ester and its corresponding N-acyl pyrrolidide derivatives as well as a dimethyl disulfide adduct. 相似文献
15.
The steryl ester and phospholipid fractions of the marine spongeAgelas conifera were isolated and analyzed. The fatty acyl components of the steryl ester and phospholipid fractions as determined by gas
chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were very similar and consisted of 56.8 and 62.7% of C14−C20 acids (normal; branched, especiallyiso andanteiso; and monounsaturated, particularly Δ9 and Δ11 acids) and of 43.1 and 35.5% of C24−C26 acids (Δ5,9 diunsaturated acids), respectively. The major constituent fatty acids detected were 13-methyltetradecanoic,n-hexadecanoic, 10-methylhexadecanoic, 11-octadecenoic, 12-methyloctadecanoic, 5,9-pentacosadienoic and 5,9-hexacosadienoic
acids. The phospholipids isolated were identified as phosphatidylcholine (37%), phosphatidylserine (34%), phosphatidylethanolamine
(16%) and phosphatidylinositol (11%). The distribution of fatty acids within the phospholipid classes was also determined. 相似文献
16.
Isolation and characterization of the monounsaturated long chain fatty acids ofMycobacterium tuberculosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The positions of double bond in the monounsaturated C15−C32 fatty acids ofMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra were established by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the ozonized esters and their pyrrolidide derivatives.
The monounsaturated C15−C21 fatty acids had the double bond primarily at the Δ9 position while the monounsaturated longer chain fatty acids (C22−C32) had the double bond in several positions. Many of the latter acids, especially the odd-numbered series, were very complex
isomeric mixtures. Quantitation showed the most abundant even-numbered long chain fatty acid isomers to be as follow: C22, Δ4; C24, Δ5; C26, Δ7 and Δ9; C28, Δ9; C30, Δ11 and Δ13; C32, Δ13 and Δ15. 相似文献
17.
The carbon chain length distribution and the double bond positional isomer composition of the monoenoic fatty acids of the
lipids of total human brain tissue have been determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
of the fatty acid methyl and picolinyl esters. The even chain length monoenoic C16 to C28 fatty acids contain predominantly two positional isomer series, the n−7 and n−9cis homologues, whose relative proportion varies significantly with chain length. The odd chain length long-chain fatty acids
consist of n−8 and n−10 isomers, whereas the odd chain length very long-chain (more than 22 carbon) fatty acids are n−7 and
n−9 isomers. 相似文献
18.
Four sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) differing in their chemical structure (triglycerides or phospholipids)
and in their origin (tuna triglycerides, fungal triglycerides, egg phospholipids, and pig brain phospholipids) were analyzed
to determine the distribution of the component fatty acids within the molecule. Lipase and phospholipase A2 hydrolysis was performed to obtain 2-monoacylglycerols and lysophospholipids, respectively, which allowed us to determine
the distribution of fatty acids between the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions of triglycerides or between the sn-1 and sn-2 position of phospholipids. Fatty acids in the LCP sources analyzed were not randomly distributed. In tuna triglycerides,
half of the total amount of 22∶6n−3 was located at the sn-2 position (49.52%). In fungal triglycerides, 16∶0 and 18∶0 were esterified to the sn-1,3 (92.22% and 91.91%, respectively) 18∶1 and 18∶2 to the sn-2 position (59.77% and 62.62%, respectively), and 45% of 20∶3n−6 and only 21.64% of 20∶4n−6 were found at the sn-2 position. In the lipid sources containing phospholipids, LCP were mainly esterified to the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction.
In egg phospholipids, most of 20∶4n−6 (5.50%, sn-2 vs. 0.91%, sn-1) and 22∶6n−3 (2.89 vs. 0.28%) were located at the sn-2 position. In pig brain phospholipids, 22∶6n−3 was also esterified to the sn-2 (13.20 vs. 0.27%), whereas 20∶4n−6 was distributed between the two positions (12.35 vs. 5.86%). These results show a different
fatty acid composition and distribution of dietary LCP sources, which may affect the absorption, distribution, and tissue
uptake of LCP, and should be taken into account when supplementing infant formulas. 相似文献
19.
Claire Denis Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin Anne Bretéché Nicolas Ruiz Vony Rabesaotra Nicole Boury-Esnault Jean-Michel Kornprobst Gilles Barnathan 《Lipids》2009,44(7):655-663
The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the North-East Atlantic sponge Polymastia
penicillus (South Brittany, France) was investigated. Sixty fatty acids (FA) were identified as methyl esters (FAME) and N-acyl pyrrolidides (NAP) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), including eight Δ5,9 unsaturated FA and three long-chain
2-hydroxylated FA. The major phospholipid FA were palmitic (14.3% of the total FA mixture), vaccenic (12.7%), 15(Z)-docosenoic (13.4%) and 5(Z),9(Z)-hexacosadienoic (13.3%) acids. In addition to the iso- and anteiso-branched saturated FA, several unusual short-chain branched saturated FA were identified. In addition to the known Δ5,9 FA,
and interestingly regarding their identification by GC–MS as N-acyl pyrrolidides, was the co-occurrence of unusual FA possessing a Δ3, Δ4 and Δ5 double bond such as iso-4-pentadecenoic, iso-5-heptadecenoic, anteiso-5-heptadecenoic and two new compounds, not hitherto found in nature, namely 17-methyl-13-octadecenoic (0.8%) and 3,16-docosadienoic
(1.1%) acids. 相似文献
20.
Makarieva TN Santalova EA Gorshkova IA Dmitrenok AS Guzii AG Gorbach VI Svetashev VI Stonik VA 《Lipids》2002,37(1):75-80
A new fatty acid, (5Z,9Z)-22-methyl-5,9-tetracosadienoic acid (1a), and a rare fatty acid, (5Z,9Z)-23-methyl-5,9-tetracosadienoic acid (2a), the predominant constituents of the free fatty acid fraction from the lipids of the sponge Geodinella robusta, were isolated and partly separated by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by multifold crystallization
from MeOH to give 1a and 2a in 70% and 60% purity, respectively. These fatty acids were identified as (5Z,9Z)-22-and (5Z,9Z)-23-methyl-5,9-tetracosadienoic acids by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, including distortionless enhancement by polarization
transfer, heteronuclear multiple quantum connectivity, and correlation spectroscopy experiments, as well as from mass-spectrometric
data for their methyl esters, the methyl esters of their perhydro derivatives, and their pyrrolidides. Mixtures of 1a and 2a showed cytotoxic activity against mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells and a hemolytic effect on mouse erythrocytes. The sterol
fraction from the same sponge was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and 24-methylenecholesterol was
identified as a main constituent of this fraction. The implications of the co-occurrence of membranolytic long-chain fatty
acids and 24-methylenecholesterol as a main membrane sterol are discussed in terms of the phenomenon of biochemical coordination. 相似文献