Fuzzy force control of constrained robot manipulators based on impedance model in an unknown environment

To precisely implement the force control of robot manipulators in an unknown environment, a control strategy based on fuzzy prediction of the reference trajectory in the impedance model is developed. The force tracking experiments are executed in an open-architecture control system with different tracking velocities, different desired forces, different contact stiffnesses and different surface figurations. The corresponding force control results are compared and analyzed. The influences of unknown parameters of the environment on the contact force are analyzed based on experimental data, and the tunings of predictive scale factors are illustrated. The experimental results show that the desired trajectory in the impedance model is predicted exactly and rapidly in the cases that the contact surface is unknown, the contact stiffness changes, and the fuzzy force control algorithm has high adaptability to the unknown environment. Translated from Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2005, 26(8): 766–769 [译自: 东北大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

高速运动机器人动力学分析与研究

当机器人运行于高速条件下时,整个系统将处于一种不稳定的状态。对高速运动条件下的机器人动力学进行了深入的研究。首先,对研制的6自由度搬运机器人平台硬件结构进行了介绍。在此基础上,对高速运动的机器人的动力学表达式式进行了分析,得到了造成机器人高速运动动力学效应的状态参量—机器人的关节角θ、关节角速度θ觶与关节角加速度θ咬,结合机器人样机的PID主控制器,定性探索了机器人的动力学参量与PID控制器参量间的关系规律,为后续的控制器设计提供依据。     

The design and implementation of an accelerometer-assisted velocity observer

This paper presents a dynamically compensated velocity observer (DCVO), in which acceleration measurement is employed to estimate velocity. Its sensitivity to the noise that is associated with the acceleration measurement is formulated and compared with that of a conventional state-space velocity observer (SSVO). Unlike the SSVO, the DCVO is completely insensitive to an accelerometer offset. The DCVO, the SSVO and a common ITM-based estimator are all realized in a linear motion stage, to determine their effectiveness. A sliding-mode controller is also implemented with different velocity observers, and it is shown that the DCVO enables high-frequency switching of the sliding-mode controller and also practically improves the positioning accuracy.     

基于快速动力学辨识的机器人力/位混合控制碰撞检测研究

针对机器人力/位混合控制时发生异常碰撞所导致的安全问题,提出一种基于快速动力学辨识的碰撞检测方案.首先,建立机器人快速动力学的辨识模型,基于拉格朗日法整理出机器人关节重力矩的最简三角函数回归矩阵,运用连续摩擦模型建模关节摩擦力;然后,采用最小二乘法分别辨识出机器人关节的重力矩最简参数集和连续摩擦模型参数集;最后,为验证...     

Operational space trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators endowed with a primary controller of synthetic joint velocity

In this paper, a new control algorithm for operational space trajectory tracking control of robot arms is introduced. The new algorithm does not require velocity measurement and is based on (1) a primary controller which incorporates an algorithm to obtain synthesized velocity from joint position measurements and (2) a secondary controller which computes the desired joint acceleration and velocity required to achieve operational space motion control. The theory of singularly perturbed systems is crucial for the analysis of the closed-loop system trajectories. In addition, the practical viability of the proposed algorithm is explored through real-time experiments in a two degrees-of-freedom horizontal planar direct-drive arm.     

危险作业机器人机械臂设计及其运动学分析

从危险作业机器人的任务需求出发创新设计了一种带有平移自由度的六自由度机械臂,建立了机械臂的虚拟样机模型,机械手工作域的仿真分析表明较好的满足了设计要求。同时,运用D-H法建立机器人的连杆坐标系,进行了正向运动学分析,推导出机械臂的运动学方程以及手爪坐标系相对于基坐标系的位姿矩阵,针对运动学方程的特点,提出了解析法和基于正向运动学分析的可行解估计法相结合的试探搜索算法进行逆运动学求解,实例分析和编程验算表明该方法稳健可靠,计算精度和处理速度能够满足机器人实时在线控制的要求,并且可以应用于机器人轨迹规划和跟踪控制。     

基于双DSP的防爆机器人控制器的设计

给出了防爆机器人控制器的结构，阐述了使用双DSF，对机器人系统进行控制的整体方案，具体介绍了各功能模块的系统组成和结构特点，分析了双DSF，控制器的工作原理。重点介绍了使用双DSF，对防爆机器人进行通信和控制的具体方法。     

基于PLC的中立柱喷胶机器人系统设计

针对汽车内饰件中立柱人工喷胶的缺点,设计了一种基于机、电、气结合适用于普桑与2000两种车型中立柱喷胶生产的机器人及周边设施,介绍了机器人系统的构成及控制的实现方法。     

基于阻抗控制的骨外固定机器人矫形力自适应跟踪

针对传统骨外固定器矫形力无法准确控制、安全性差的问题,本文基于 RCM 构型,搭建一种膝关节骨外固定机器人,提出一种间接自适应阻抗的矫形力跟踪方法。 由于存在机械摩擦以及外部不确定性,针对阻抗控制鲁棒性差的问题,采用力误差信号作为目标阻抗的驱动力,建立新的阻抗模型适应矫形环境的变化,根据矫形力误差的变化,设计自适应律对阻抗参数实时调节,在线补偿动态环境的不确定性,使系统的力跟踪误差为零。 并对所提的控制算法进行了胫骨矫形力控制的对比仿真和样机实验。 结果表明:阻抗控制仿真结果各性能指标的加权平均值分别为 2. 12、8. 58 和 13. 2,且力跟踪实验的最大误差为 20 N;相比于阻抗控制,自适应阻抗控制仿真性能指标的加权平均值仅为 0. 36、0. 18 和 0. 61,力跟踪波动误差控制在±3 N 以内,具有更好的鲁棒性和自适应能力。     

航空发动机叶片砂带抛光力的干扰观测补偿控制

为提高叶片尺寸精度及表面质量,针对气体的可压缩性、阀的死区效应、阀的流量非线性、气缸摩擦力和测量噪声等干扰因素对叶片抛光力控制精度的影响,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的反向传播神经网络比例—积分—微分控制方法.该方法通过构造干扰观测器来预测抛光力气动控制系统中的非线性干扰,并在控制中引入等效的补偿来抑制干扰,同时利用反向传播神经网络控制算法对比例—积分—微分控制参数进行在线自适应整定.仿真分析和实验结果表明,基于干扰观测器的反向传播神经网络比例—积分—微分控制器具有控制精度高、鲁棒性强、抑制干扰能力强等优点,能够提高叶片型面尺寸精度和表面一致性、降低表面粗糙度、减小残余应力并提高抛光效率.     

基于Pro/E和ADAMS的机器人虚拟设计与仿真

用Pro/E建立的机器人虚拟装配模型导入ADAMS中,与机器人末端固结的点MARK-ER_40沿着设定的直线方向直线运动后,进行了机器人逆运动学分析,包括MARKER_40点的速度、加速度的分析以及小臂转轴的角速度、角加速度的分析.通过对机器人的逆运动学问题进行分析,得到的仿真曲线为控制机器人的运动和路径规划提供教据参数.     

Iterative learning control scheme for manipulators including actuator dynamics

This paper presents the iterative learning control for the industrial robot manipulators including actuator dynamics. Motivated by human learning, the basic idea of iterative learning control is to use information from previous execution of a trial in order to improve performance from trial to trial. This is an advantage, when accurate model of the system is not available as friction and actuator dynamics, though present in the system, are not modeled to reduce the computational complexity. In this paper different aspects of ILC including the design schemes and control algorithms are covered. The learning control scheme comprises two types of control laws: a linear feedback law and a feed-forward control law. In the feedback loop, the fixed gain PD controller provides stability of the system and keeps its state errors within uniform bounds. In the feed-forward path, a learning control rule/strategy is exploited to track the entire span of a reference input over a sequence of iterations. Algorithms are verified through detailed simulation results on a two DOF robot manipulator.     

On position/force tracking control problem of cooperative robot manipulators using adaptive fuzzy backstepping approach

In this paper, the position and force tracking control problem of cooperative robot manipulator system handling a common rigid object with unknown dynamical models and unknown external disturbances is investigated. The universal approximation properties of fuzzy logic systems are employed to estimate the unknown system dynamics. On the other hand, by defining new state variables based on the integral and differential of position and orientation errors of the grasped object, the error system of coordinated robot manipulators is constructed. Subsequently by defining the appropriate change of coordinates and using the backstepping design strategy, an adaptive fuzzy backstepping position tracking control scheme is proposed for multi-robot manipulator systems. By utilizing the properties of internal forces, extra terms are also added to the control signals to consider the force tracking problem. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed adaptive fuzzy backstepping position/force control approach ensures all the signals of the closed loop system uniformly ultimately bounded and tracking errors of both positions and forces can converge to small desired values by proper selection of the design parameters. Finally, the theoretic achievements are tested on the two three-link planar robot manipulators cooperatively handling a common object to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于力估计与切换控制的六足机器人三边遥操作

传统三边遥操作系统的力传感器对主从端交互力进行测量时局限性较大,且在共享权重切换时易导致系统不稳定,本 文设计基于力估计与权重切换控制的六足机器人三边遥操作控制架构。 针对系统各端口交互力信息缺失的问题,设计一种非 线性交互力估计器,实现对各端口间交互力的实时估计。 聚焦双操作者控制权重动态调整过整中的柔顺切换问题,本文基于共 享控制策略,设计权重因子自适应切换算法。 为保证所提出系统的稳定性及透明度,融合力估计器及权重切换算法,设计遥操 作系统的控制器。 通过力反馈设备分别和 Vortex 与 ElSpider 六足机器人搭建半物理仿真平台与实物实验平台,对本文提出控 制方法进行验证。 相对于传统三边遥操作,实验表明在平坦地形下速度跟踪性提高了 45. 12% ,力跟踪提高了 64. 71% ;在崎岖 地形下速度跟踪提高了 39. 02% ,力跟踪提高了 29. 41% 。     

固高工业机器人力/位混合控制

针对固高工业机器人末端主动柔顺控制实现问题,改进并设计了力/位混合控制系统.采用PC+PCI总线采集控制卡的结构,给出了相应的硬件及软件实现方法.实验表明该系统具有良好的稳定性和动态性能.     

一种核管道机器人结构设计与驱动力分析

针对人工方式进行核电管道检测与维护存在效率低的问题,将管道机器人技术应用到核电站管道维护中,代替人工进行现场故障监测、异物探测和清理。设计了直径为300 mm的管道机器人的机械结构,分析了机器人在管道中的受力情况以及驱动特性。同时设计了一种全新的单电机全驱动机构,这种设计使机器人整体结构更为紧凑,提高了机器人行进速度以及驱动负载能力。并利用ADAMS动力学仿真软件对机器人驱动特性进行了研究和分析。结果表明,机器人的驱动能力能够满足实际作业需求,并且其驱动能力与摩擦系数、斜坡度有关;其中驱动力与摩擦系数成正比,即摩擦系数越大机器人的驱动力越大;驱动力与斜坡度成反比,即斜坡度越大驱动力越小。该研究结果可为后续机器人优化设计提供理论依据。     

基于速度方向可操作度的双臂机器人轨迹规划

在双臂机器人速度可操作度椭球的基础上,定义双臂机器人速度方向可操作度,以速度方向可操作度为性能指标,给出了双臂协调运动关节轨迹规划,理论及算例仿真分析结果表明了规划方法的可行性.     

Robust adaptive motion/force control scheme for crawler-type mobile manipulator with nonholonomic constraint based on sliding mode control approach

In this paper, a robust adaptive motion/force control (RAMFC) scheme is presented for a crawler-type mobile manipulator (CTMM) with nonholonomic constraint. For the position tracking control design, an adaptive sliding mode tracking controller is proposed to deal with the unknown upper bounds of system parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Based on the position tracking results, a robust control strategy is also developed for the nonholonomic constraint force of CTMM. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of the closed-loop control system, the uniformly ultimately boundedness of position tracking errors, and the boundedness of the force error and adaptive coefficient errors are all guaranteed by using the derived RAMFC scheme. Simulation and experimental tests on a CTMM with two-link manipulator demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.     

Generalized proportional integral control for periodic signals under active disturbance rejection approach

Conventional repetitive control has proven to be an effective strategy to reject/track periodic signals with constant frequency; however, it shows poor performance in varying frequency applications. This paper proposes an active disturbance rejection methodology applied to a large class of uncertain flat systems for the tracking and rejection of periodic signals, in which the possibilities of the generalized proportional integral (GPI) observer-based control to address repetitive control problems are studied. In the proposed scheme, model uncertainties and external disturbances are lumped together in a general additive disturbance input that is estimated and rejected on-line. An illustrative case study of mechatronic nature is considered. Experimental results show that the proposed GPI observer-based control successfully rejects periodic disturbances even under varying speed conditions.     

基于模糊自整定PD控制器的机器人计算力矩控制

设计了应用于计算力矩控制方案中的模糊PD控制器(FLC),进一步提出了模糊自整定PD控制器(SFLC).用带有末端执行器的平面3自由度机器人为例进行了动力学仿真,并将采用固定PD控制器、模糊PD控制器和模糊自整定PD控制器的计算力矩控制方案进行了比较.仿真结果表明,采用模糊自整定PD控制器(SFLC)后能有效的克服模型不确定所造成的影响,得到比较小的轨迹跟踪误差,为机器人的实际控制提供了理论基础.