Benders分解技术在输电网络规划中的应用

提出了一种基于Benders分解技术的非线性混合整数规划模型,并将其应用于输电网络扩展规划.输电网络扩展规划中的目标函数是使新线路投资和运行费用之和最小,用Benders分解技术求解,可把原始问题分解为投资决策主问题和运行模拟子问题,通过交替求解投资决策主模型和运行模拟子模型可以得到原规划问题最佳规划方案.并对6节点Garver系统进行了仿真计算,结果表明该方法是正确可行的.     

基于可信性理论的输电网规划

建立了基于可信性理论的输电网规划模型,得到模糊不确定负荷下的电网规划方案。将可信度的概念引入模型中,作为评价模糊不确定负荷下电网规划方案优劣的指标,该指标具有明确的物理意义和严格的数学理论基础。利用最小切负荷问题的负荷边界特性,证明了给定可信度指标下输电网规划模型的求解可等价于区间负荷下输电网规划模型的求解。使用结合区间至多切负荷量理论的贪婪随机自适应搜索算法求解该模型,可求得给定可信度指标下的输电网规划方案。新模型的求解不受模糊负荷下实际数学模型的限制,具有较好的适用性和明确的物理意义。46节点系统算例的计算结果验证了该模型和算法的有效性。     

Robust dynamic network expansion planning considering load uncertainty

This paper presents a dynamic transmission expansion planning framework with considering load uncertainty based on Information-Gap Decision Theory. Dynamic transmission planning process is carried out to obtain the minimum total social cost over the planning horizon. Robustness of the decisions against under-estimated load predictions is modeled using a robustness function. Furthermore, an opportunistic model is proposed for risk-seeker decision making. The proposed IGDT-based dynamic network expansion planning is formulated as a stochastic mixed integer non-linear problem and is solved using an improved standard branch and bound technique. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified over two test cases including the 24-bus IEEE RTS system and Iran national 400-kV transmission network.     

电源与输电线路联合规划的等值节点法

介绍了一种求解电源与输电线路联合规划的新方法.首先根据联合规划的特点构造了一新的模型,然后,结合电力系统本身结构特征,在联合规划模型中引入了等值节点,提出了一个新的求解联合规划方法,它可大大降低模型中变量的维数,为维数灾问题得到解决探索了一条有效途径.为进一步提高模型的灵活性和实用性,又将输电线路传输能力的安全储备系数应用于规划模型.初步仿真计算表明本文提出的方法是有效可行的.     

Transmission surplus capacity based power transmission expansion planning

A power transmission expansion planning model with consideration of transmission surplus capacity and network load factor is presented. With traditional planning model, some transmission lines will operate on high load factors due to ignorance of the load levels of transmission lines. This may lead to network congestion or degrade the dispatch flexibility of future network. Traditional planning model has put more emphasis on investment cost rather than other aspects such as operation environment, transmission benefit, etc. The transmission expansion planning model in the paper aims to maximize network transmission surplus capacity and optimize network load factor distribution with least investment. Chaos Optimal Algorithm (COA) is introduced to solve this nonlinear integer planning optimization problem for its advantage of stochastic and ergodic searching characteristics. The effectiveness of proposed model and methodology is tested with two typical systems.     

Efficient method for AC transmission network expansion planning

A combinatorial mathematical model in tandem with a metaheuristic technique for solving transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) using an AC model associated with reactive power planning (RPP) is presented in this paper. AC-TNEP is handled through a prior DC model while additional lines as well as VAr-plants are used as reinforcements to cope with real network requirements. The solution of the reinforcement stage can be obtained by assuming all reactive demands are supplied locally to achieve a solution for AC-TNEP and by neglecting the local reactive sources, a reactive power planning (RPP) will be managed to find the minimum required reactive power sources. Binary GA as well as a real genetic algorithm (RGA) are employed as metaheuristic optimization techniques for solving this combinatorial TNEP as well as the RPP problem. High quality results related with lower investment costs through case studies on test systems show the usefulness of the proposal when working directly with the AC model in transmission network expansion planning, instead of relaxed models.     

计及市场化电价信号导向的含高比例水电输电网扩展规划

传统电网扩展规划模型难以反映未来一段时期竞争市场模式下全局供需态势对电网投资收益、市场主体意愿、社会效益的量化影响,且在含高比例水电输电网中水电外送断面容量与丰枯潮流差异的不匹配导致网络阻塞及交易盈余问题愈加严重.为此,提出高比例水电场景下计及市场化电价信号导向的输电网扩展规划模型.上层模型以最大化线路年投资收益为目标函数,形成规划决策线路;下层模型采用改进的k-means聚类算法得到含高比例水电输电网全年典型运行方式,基于市场交易出清结果与区域负荷响应特征,量化线路规划后的负荷增量及过网利用率,以市场化电价信号引导电网扩展规划,促进区域水电消纳.采用KKT最优条件实现上、下层模型的耦合,将双层规划问题转化为混合整数规划问题进行求解.以我国西南部某含高比例水电的实际电网为例,通过综合比较不同规划方法的阻塞盈余、投资收益及水电消纳比例验证了高比例水电接入下市场信号对扩展规划结果的影响.     

市场环境下基于Benders分解的输电网规划决策

市场条件下,由于不确定因素对市场经济运行的影响,输电网的扩展规划必须考虑发电公司和用户的需求,减缓输电系统阻塞,促进市场的公平竞争。首先以电力联营市场模式为研究背景,针对不确定因素作用下可能的未来场景,基于最优潮流的输电网边际定价模型,提出了以投资成本和运行成本为优化目标的输电网静态规划模型;然后基于奔德斯(B enders)分解算法先求解出各个典型场景下输电网规划优化方案,再根据决策理论中的最小最大悔则进行多场景规划决策;最后在IEEE-24节点系统上进行了仿真计算。与确定性输电网规划方法相比,该模型计及了电网规划与经济运行中不确定因素的影响,从而能更有效地指导市场环境下输电网规划综合决策,提高规划系统经济性能。     

区间负荷下的输电网灵活规划方法

建立了区间负荷下的输电网灵活规划模型,该模型考虑负荷的不确定因素,以投资成本最小为目标,以正常情况和线路N-1情况下的网络安全为约束,求解该模型得到区间负荷下满足正常情况和线路N-1情况下系统安全的输电网规划方案。根据区间至多切负荷量的数值来判别区间负荷下电网规划方案的安全性和安全程度,使用改进的贪婪随机自适应搜索算法快速求解该模型。6节点系统和某实际77节点系统的规划结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

考虑风电极限场景的输电网鲁棒扩展规划

随着风电并网渗透率的快速增长,系统的随机性和波动性显著增强。针对大规模风电并网给输电网规划带来的影响,文中以线路投资成本与运行成本之和最小为优化目标,构建了考虑风电接入的输电网扩展规划模型,并引入辅助松弛变量将模型转化为线性混合整数规划问题。在此基础上,提出了风电极限场景的物理概念,并构建了基于风电极限场景的两阶段输电网鲁棒规划方法,第一阶段为在线路投资扩展约束下决策输电线路的投建状态,以保证第二阶段的运行调节变量可以适应风电的随机波动。针对鲁棒规划模型的特点,采用基于Benders分解的两阶段算法进行求解以获得最优鲁棒规划方案。最后,通过Garver 6系统与IEEE RTS 79系统进行算例分析,验证了所提模型的有效性与可行性。     

电网规划中考虑风电场影响的最小切负荷量研究

提出应用鲁棒线性优化理论来研究电网规划中含多个风电场的最小切负荷量计算问题,为含多个风电场的系统安全性研究提供了一条新的思路。根据Seng-Cheol Kang提出的鲁棒线性优化理论,建立电网规划中考虑风电场影响的最小切负荷量模型。该模型以出力上下限和出力期望值来描述风电场的出力,最终转化为一确定性的线性规划问题并进行求解。在计及或不计及发电机调整的情况下,该模型均能够给出最安全的切负荷方案,除此以外还能给出更多介于最可靠与最经济之间的切负荷方案,实现灵活决策;在计及发电机出力可调的情况下,该模型能够给出相应的发电机出力方案;该模型能够初步给出各种切负荷方案下电网规划方案的可靠程度。基于修正的Garver’s 6节点系统和修正的巴西南部46节点系统算例测试结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

离散粒子群优化算法在输电网络扩展规划中的应用

输电网络扩展规划是一个非常复杂的大规模组合优化问题。文中研究了离散粒子群优化(DPSO)算法在单阶段输电网络扩展规划中的应用,提出一种基于黑板系统的多智能体协调模型。该模型中,DPSO算法利用黑板系统进行粒子间信息共享,有效地提高了算法的全局收敛能力。通过构造节点扩展矩阵和速度矩阵,建立了输电网络扩展规划问题的求解模型和DPSO求解算法。该算法已成功用于IEEE Garver-6等两个系统,计算结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Transmission Congestion and Competition on Power Generation Expansion

Generation expansion planning involves decisions on location and capacity of new generation, which may lead to adding or relieving congestion in transmission lines and to increasing or reducing competition in deregulated markets. Generation expansion may encounter congestion in the transmission network by constrained single-line flows as well as flowgate transfer capabilities. In this paper, a model to study the interaction between competition and transmission congestion on power generation expansion is proposed. The generation expansion problem is modeled as a Cournot competition game. Network transmission constraints are included in the optimal generation expansion problem to comply with power flow limits. Results from a five-bus power network and the IEEE 24-bus system are presented and discussed     

A new Benders decomposition approach to solve power transmissionnetwork design problems

In this paper we describe a new Benders decomposition approach to solve power transmission network expansion planning problems. This new approach is characterized by using a linear (0-1) disjuntctive model which ensures the optimality of the solution found and by using additional constraints, iteratively evaluated, besides the traditional Benders cuts. The results obtained, considering a real world power transmission network expansion planning study with the southeastern Brazilian system, show the efficiency of this approach     

大规模风电接入下输电网扩展规划的启发式优化算法

提出了大规模风电接入下的输电网有功和无功扩展规划的解决方法。计及了风电与负荷的全年时序数据,并将网络设备投资的年值成本与方案在全年所有不满足安全约束场景下采取控制措施的成本之和最小作为规划目标。为了降低求解计算的复杂性,将原问题分解为网络设备投资决策与方案的控制措施成本评估2个子问题,二者借助原问题的规划目标进行总体协调。在此基础上,通过分析规划目标与问题本身的特性,设计了启发式的优化算法,明显地提高了计算速度。算例分析验证了所提方法的正确性和求解算法的有效性。     

A novel modified GBMO algorithm based static transmission network expansion planning

Due to the growing demand of electricity, transmission sector has become important part of the power sector. The penetration level of renewable energy resources has increased presently, which gives more challenges to the transmission expansion planner. To overcome this problem better transmission expansion planning (TEP) needs to be done. Hence, it is necessary to incorporate the impact of high wind power penetration in TEP problem. In this paper wind farm are considered as an alternative source for supplying the load to the transmission networks. The complex wind energy cost model is incorporated with the traditional transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) problem. Factors accounting for wind power utilization cost, underestimation, and overestimation cost model of wind power are included. Static transmission network expansion planning (STNEP) problem is modeled using the DC power flow model. The main objective function is to minimize the total cost of the system, which consists of transmission line investment cost, fuel cost of generators and wind energy cost. To solve this non-linear, non-convex optimization problem with a novel optimization algorithm i.e. Modified Gases Brownian Motion Optimization (MGBMO) algorithm is applied. To validate the capability of the proposed method is tested with modified Garver’s 6-bus system, IEEE 24-bus system and IEEE 25-bus system.     

市场环境下计及阻塞集中度指标的输电网扩展规划

与传统的输电网规划相比,电力市场环境下的输电网扩展规划不仅要满足市场用户的需求,还对减缓输电系统阻塞、抑制市场力的滥用和提高社会效益起着重要作用。对于因网络充裕度不足造成的长期输电阻塞,首先参考市场集中度监管指标Lerner指数的定义,提出了新的阻塞集中度指标作为评估输电网络充裕度的指标;然后从市场运营的实际情况出发,以阻塞集中度指标作为约束条件来抑制网络的垂直市场力,构造了将阻塞收益用于回收投资成本的输电网扩展规划模型。IEEE-24节点算例系统分析表明该模型综合考虑了输电投资成本回收以及输电阻塞管理等实际问题,能有效减缓系统阻塞发生,降低投资风险,并为输电网监管提供可靠依据。     

Value-based transmission planning and the effects of network models

A value-based automated transmission system planning model is presented in this paper and the impact of the various network representations on the results of the model is discussed. Value-based integrated resource planning provides a “societal cost” (utility operation and investment costs plus customer outage costs) minimizing composite generation-transmission system expansion plan. The model trades-off and compares the costs and benefits of alternative generation and transmission resources using a consistent economic and engineering criterion in order to determine an “optimal” resource expansion plan. The generalized Benders decomposition algorithm with “importance sampling” used to solve the problem enables the model to estimate certain average information about scenarios or contingencies by examining only a very small fraction of all the scenarios or contingencies. The impacts of system resources upon both real and reactive power can be analyzed when using the AC power flow equations. It is concluded that for transmission system planning where reactive power flows and voltage constraints are important, it is imperative that an AC power flow model be used. The combination of AC power flow and linearized power flow models, with linearization about the solution of the AC power flow model, was found to be a promising compromise between accuracy and computation time     

An approach for simultaneous distribution,sub-transmission,and transmission networks expansion planning

Sub-transmission network, as an intermediate grid between the distribution and transmission systems, receives the electric energy from the transmission network at extra high voltage levels, and delivers it to the distribution network at medium or low voltage levels. The adequate design and operation of sub-transmission system will lead to an efficient design of transmission network from the technical and economic viewpoints on one hand and the adequacy of power delivery to the distribution loads on the other hand. Therefore, the design optimality of these three networks is highly dependent on each other. However, as the simultaneous design of distribution, sub-transmission, and transmission systems is highly complicated, very few researches have tried to model and solve such a difficult problem. In this paper, a new approach has been developed for simultaneous distribution, sub-transmission, and transmission networks expansion planning. The proposed approach has been formulated as an optimization problem where an efficient and improved genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve such a complex problem. The utilized GA has been equipped with different modifying operators in order to make sure of its appropriate performance in obtaining useful and optimal solutions for the coordinated planning problem. The conducted approach has been implemented on a real network of Zanjan Regional Electrical Company (ZREC), and the results are compared with those of conventional method, i.e. separate expansion planning of these networks. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the conducted approach.     

育种算法在输电网络优化规划中的应用

作为一个复杂的非线性的混合整数规划问题,目前电网优化规划使用较常见的是现代优化方法,其中又以遗传算法应用较多,但目前各种现代优化方法仍存在计算速度和收敛性的问题,介绍了一种从遗传算法改进而来的算法——育种算法,它将遗传算法中的选择、交叉、变异三个过程简化为一个过程,对18节点算例分析表明育种算法在电网规划应用中提高了计算速度和收敛度。