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核能发电新思路俄罗斯库尔恰夫研究所成果 :可通过专业化生产 ,从Pu和2 35U混合物中制造出МЮКС核燃料 ,并应用于新型核反应堆中 ,利用МЮКС核燃料制成ГТ МГР反应堆。这种反应堆可用惰性气体He2 代替水冷却 ,用气轮机代替蒸汽轮机发电。新型反应堆的外表像一口又深又宽的井 ,约1/ 3的容积充满黑色的球。同是 30 0MW ,但体积比水水反应堆小。Pu的燃烧利用率大于 50 % ,它的造价与水水反应堆差不多。用过的Pu和2 35U反应堆可作为МЮКС燃料再次使用 ,新技术将使90 %以上Pu的能量变为动力。目前全世界有Pu约 10 0… 相似文献
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本文论述了核燃料棒焊缝X射线检验自动化的要求及其原理,采用的程序控制技术、计算机技术、条码识别等,研制了核燃料棒X射线照相检验的自动化装置并简要地介绍了该装置在核燃料棒生产中的应用。 相似文献
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1反应堆厂房环吊我国现有10 00 MW级反应堆厂房环吊均由国外企业生产。而岭澳核电二期的这一设备已由大连重工起重集团获得设计制造,并于2007年3月27日通过了设备验收。与岭澳一期相比,在电气控制上采用了单一故障保护、变频调速等先进设计理念和技术,进一步提高了运行的安全性和定位的准确性。该公司还获得了CPR1000新项目环吊供货合同。2国产核燃料元件秦山二期已投运的1号及2号机组,其核燃料元件已经是中核建集团中核燃料元件公司的产品;经6个燃料循环周期的使用结果证明,国产核燃料十分安全可靠。因此,秦山核电公司与中核燃料元件公司… 相似文献
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在我国1000 MW压水堆核电站的实际运营中,除氧器水位的调节采用单冲量的PID调节,而随着对核电站参与电网负荷调整要求的提出,这种单冲量的调节系统不能使除氧器水位很好地适应核电站负荷调整的需求。为了提高除氧器水位的负荷适应能力,研究设计了以三冲量为主的除氧器控制系统,通过在核电仿真机上的测试,验证了该系统设计的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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核电和间歇性电源比重不断增加,核电面临较大的调峰压力。当前,核电参与调峰的数学模型不够完善,因此提出一种将核电特定安全要求与灵活的调节方式有效统一的核电调峰安全出力模型,通过对约束的紧凑化和调峰深度的连续化,解决了已有模型在普遍适用性、经济性和灵活性方面的不足。引入解耦的升/降功率辅助变量,并充分考虑功率变化之间的耦合特性和互斥关系,核电出力可行域约束得更为紧凑,保证在各种工况下得出准确的核电安全出力。此外,进一步将调峰深度连续化,以期得出最优调峰深度和调节时间,增加核电调峰运行方式的灵活性;再运用数学等效变换技巧,将模型非线性项等效转换为线性模型,易于求解。仿真计算表明,所提模型能准确、灵活、经济地安排核电调峰安全出力,可降低约5%额定功率的调峰深度以及约18%的调峰成本,模型的有效性得以验证。 相似文献
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After the NPP radiation accidents in Russia and Japan, a safety statu of Russian nuclear power plants causes concern. A repeated life time extension of power unit reactor plants, designed at the dawn of the nuclear power engineering in the Soviet Union, power augmentation of the plants to 104–109%, operation of power units in a daily power mode in the range of 100-70-100%, the use of untypical for NPP remixed nuclear fuel without a careful study of the results of its application (at least after two operating periods of the research nuclear installations), the aging of operating personnel, and many other management actions of the State Corporation “Rosatom”, should attract the attention of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technical and Atomic Supervision (RosTekhNadzor), but this doesn’t happen.The paper considers safety issues of nuclear power plants operating in the Russian Federation. The authors collected statistical information on violations in NPP operation over the past 25 years, which shows that even after repeated relaxation over this period of time of safety regulation requirements in nuclear industry and highly expensive NPP modernization, the latter have not become more safe, and the statistics confirms this. At a lower utilization factor high-power pressure-tube reactors RBMK-1000, compared to light water reactors VVER-440 and 1000, have a greater number of violations and that after annual overhauls. A number of direct and root causes of NPP mulfunctions is still high and remains stable for decades. The paper reveals bottlenecks in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear facilities. Main outstanding issues on the storage of spent nuclear fuel are defined. Information on emissions and discharges of radioactive substances, as well as fullness of storages of solid and liquid radioactive waste, located at the NPP sites are presented. Russian NPPs stress test results are submitted, as well as data on the coming removal from operation of NPP units is analyzed. 相似文献