大豆品种资源干燥机的试验研究

研制的大豆品种资源种子干燥机采用穿流箱型结构，具有热风温度与干燥时间设定、循环风可调节等功能。试验结果表明：烘层平面8点温度分布和上、下层温差分别为0．5℃和0．3℃，均小于1℃；干燥不均匀度为0.1％(≤1.5％)，烘后种子发芽率高于烘前。该机不仅适合大豆品种资源种子的干燥，同时也能满足其它农作物品种资源种子的干燥。     

双氰胺产品干燥技术的选择与经济评价

经过四种干燥装置的技术经济比较，选用Ｖｃ３５３型真空干燥机产品含水量可稳定在〈０．３％，产品优质品率可达９９％以上，同时真空干燥热源采用８０℃至１００℃的热水，生产成本较低。     

关于悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂气流干燥技术的探讨

1前言聚合反应生成的悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂（以下简称PTFE树脂）经过捣碎、洗涤后，平均粒径为150μm左右，粗过滤后含水量约为35％。而该产品的含水量标准≤0．04％，为此，必须进行干燥。干燥的方法很多，如振动干燥、真空回转干燥、流化床干燥、喷雾干燥、箱式干燥和气流干燥等，其中气流干燥具有干燥强度与热效率高、干燥速度快、时间短、设备结构简单并能实现自动化连续生产等优点，较适用于干燥PTFE树脂。本文重点讨论气流干燥PTFE树脂过程中，干燥效果与干燥器结构、喷嘴尺寸、进料量、进料含水量和物料粒径的关系，以及净化、…     

膏糊状物料气流对流干燥试验研究

以分子筛滤饼作被干燥物料,模拟带式干燥机进行了干燥试验研究。考察了气流速度、温度以及干燥时间对物料干燥效果的影响,并与烘箱干燥试验数据进行对比。结果表明:气流速度越高,干燥温度越高,干燥后物料的水分含量越低;带式气流干燥机干燥时间短,处理量大,可以连续操作,干燥效果明显优于箱式干燥器,可以作为膏糊状物料的干燥设备。     

木材干燥的国内外现状与发展趋势

阐述了常规蒸汽（热风）干燥、除湿（热泵）干燥、真空干燥、微波与高频干燥等各种木材干燥技术的国内外现状以及我国木材干燥技术与国际水平的差距；介绍了国内外木材干燥的理论研究动态；指出了今后木材干燥技术的发展趋势。     

百度试验法测杨木干燥基准的初步研究

通过100℃干燥试验法的试验对2cm厚的四种杨木木材干燥特性进行了研究和分析．获得了杨木的基本干燥特性数据。同时。此法补充了观测干燥速度和扭曲的内客。较为完整和便于应用。实验结果表明，杨木属易干木材。少裂，但翘曲严重。参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件拟定了初步的干燥基准，在生产中可供参考使用。     

提升塑料加工中的利润率——美奎真空干燥个案研究

尽管真空干燥的概念已经有数年的历史了，然而由于真空干燥法与传统的干燥方法相比差异过于悬殊，所以要让行业人士领会其优势尚需时日。今天，像山内公司那样成功地运用真空干燥机的应用实例比比皆是。     

热泵干燥木材的技术现状与发展趋势

热泵与常规热风干燥的区别在于前者的干燥系统中空气为闭式循环，依靠制冷原理对空气降湿；后者为开式循环，依靠换气使空气降湿。对热泵干燥木材进行了节能分析，其节能率在40％～70％之间。文中介绍了热泵在木材干燥工业中的国内外应用概况，分析了热泵干燥的优点、局限性与适用范围，指出了今后热泵干燥木材的发展趋向是与常规能源联合干燥或作为二段干燥中的预干燥。同时还指出，热泵也宜推广用于干燥种子、水产品及热敏类化工原料等适于低温干燥的物料。     

推出全新设计的Maguire VBD干燥机

美奎产品有限公司（以下简称“美奎”）推出了全新设计的扣叶脂干燥机，其运行性能比以往的真空系统更简单、更可靠，此外与除湿干燥机相比，可进一步大幅缩短干燥时间并降低能耗。该树脂干燥机体现了真宅干燥概念的巨大进步。     

回热式热泵干燥高湿稻谷的试验研究

应用带有嵌入回热器的热泵装置,对华南地区高湿稻谷进行干燥试验,测定其干燥速率、能耗和品质。并与同期作业的燃油低温循环稻谷干燥机进行对照。试验结果表明：回热式热泵干燥机的干燥速率较燃油低温循环干燥机提高20％,干燥周期缩短约12％,而干燥能耗及费用可节省30％以上,干燥品质两者无差异。     

MICROWAVE VACUUM DRYING OF BANANA SLICES

Vacuum drying of banana slices was studied in a domestic microwave oven. The results show that banana temperature rises uniformly and rapidly to the saturation water vapor temperature corresponding to the vacuum used then rises slowly until most of the free moisture is lost. The thermal and drying efficiencies were found to drop from almost 100% at the beginning of the drying (high moisture content) to as low as 40% and 30% respectively at the end of drying. Both efficiencies were found to increase with the use of vacuum, especially at low moisture content.     

粮食真空低温干燥新技术的优势

真空低温干燥技术是近年来被广泛应用的一项新技术。就近年来真空低温干燥技术在东北玉米干燥方面的应用研究及其进展作了综述。探讨了真空干燥技术在玉米方面的应用前景。     

Drying Characteristics and Kinetics of Vacuum Microwave–Dried Potato Slices

Vacuum microwave dehydration characteristics and drying kinetics of potato slices were evaluated using a laboratory-scale dryer. The test materials were placed on a rotating tray to allow uniform exposure to the microwave field. The effect of drying conditions on the drying characteristics was investigated. As expected, higher drying rates were obtained with higher microwave power and lower vacuum levels. The effect of vacuum pressure on drying rate was not as significant as that of microwave power. The Henderson & Pabis model provided better simulation of the drying curves for potato slices. Empirical models are presented for the drying rate constant as a function of the microwave power and vacuum pressure for potato slices under the range of operating conditions tested.     

KINETICS ON COLOR CHANGES DURING DRYING OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

The effect of drying conditions on color changes of apple, banana, carrot and potato during conventional and vacuum drying was investigated. The Hunder color scale parameters redness, yellowness and lightness were used to estimate color changes during vacuum and conventional drying at 50, 70 and 90°C. Air humidity during conventional drying was regulated at 15, 30 and 40%. Air temperature and humidity affected redness and yellowness, but not lightness. A first order kinetic model was fitted to experimental data adequately for both redness and yellowness. The rate of color deterioration was found to increase as temperature increased and air humidity decreased, for both drying methods and all the examined materials.     

KINETICS ON COLOR CHANGES DURING DRYING OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Abstract

The effect of drying conditions on color changes of apple, banana, carrot and potato during conventional and vacuum drying was investigated. The Hunder color scale parameters redness, yellowness and lightness were used to estimate color changes during vacuum and conventional drying at 50, 70 and 90°C. Air humidity during conventional drying was regulated at 15, 30 and 40%. Air temperature and humidity affected redness and yellowness, but not lightness. A first order kinetic model was fitted to experimental data adequately for both redness and yellowness. The rate of color deterioration was found to increase as temperature increased and air humidity decreased, for both drying methods and all the examined materials.     

A Vacuum Drying System for Green Hardwood Parts

A vacuum drying system was designed and fabricated and that system was used to dry green rough hardwood dimension. The red oak samples, 76.2 (long) × 7.62 (wide) × 2.54 (thick) cm, were dried from green moisture content (MC) to 7% MC in this system. They were dried at a pressure of 12 mm Hg and temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C within 25 to 70 h. Drying quality tested included warp, internal checking, and surface checking. Moisture gradients along the length and thickness were measured. The standard prong test was used to assess the drying stresses. Vacuum drying was fast and the drying rate increased as the temperature increased. It was found that the general drying quality was good with no color change. Drying stresses including longitudinal and transverse stresses were small. There were no internal checks.     

Effect of three drying methods on the drying characteristics and quality of okra

The objective of this study was to compare the drying characteristics and quality of dried okra obtained by vacuum freeze drying (VFD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and pulse-spouted microwave vacuum drying (PSMVD). The quality parameters include color (L*, a*, and b*), texture (hardness and fracturability), shrinkage ratio (SR), nutrient retention (chlorophyll, flavonoids, and vitamin C), and sensory score was investigated. Vacuum freeze drying maximally preserved the original properties of samples. And the samples dried by PSMVD showed higher quality and more uniformity compared to MVD. Considering of all aspects comprehensively, such as cost-effectiveness, practicability, and scale-up, PSMVD was a promising technique which would match results obtained by vacuum freeze drying.     

Variation in Drying Behavior and Final Moisture Content of Wood during Conventional Low Temperature Drying and Vacuum Drying of Betula pendula Timber

Conventional and vacuum drying experiments were conducted on Betula pendula timber, which was sawn from trees felled during three different seasons. The influence of the wood procurement season on drying behavior differed, on the one hand, between the drying phases above and below 30% moisture content in the conventional drying, and, on the other hand, between the conventional and vacuum drying methods. During the first steps of the conventional drying process, relative humidity in the kiln, as well as drying time and drying rate, varied according to the felling season. Variations in environmental conditions outside the kiln and the seasonal variation in the physical properties of the wood were presumed to be the reasons for differences in drying behavior. The difference in moisture content gradient, i.e., the difference in final moisture content between the inner wood and the surface layer of boards, was greater in conventionally dried timber than in vacuum-dried timber. In conventionally dried timber there was a clear seasonal variation in the gradient of final moisture content, which was greatest for winter-felled wood. The premature drying of the surface layer during the first steps of the conventional drying process of winter-felled wood was the reason for the higher gradient of moisture content. Storage of wood as logs decreased the standard deviation of the final moisture content.     

Variation in Drying Behavior and Final Moisture Content of Wood during Conventional Low Temperature Drying and Vacuum Drying of Betula pendula Timber

Conventional and vacuum drying experiments were conducted on Betula pendula timber, which was sawn from trees felled during three different seasons. The influence of the wood procurement season on drying behavior differed, on the one hand, between the drying phases above and below 30% moisture content in the conventional drying, and, on the other hand, between the conventional and vacuum drying methods. During the first steps of the conventional drying process, relative humidity in the kiln, as well as drying time and drying rate, varied according to the felling season. Variations in environmental conditions outside the kiln and the seasonal variation in the physical properties of the wood were presumed to be the reasons for differences in drying behavior. The difference in moisture content gradient, i.e., the difference in final moisture content between the inner wood and the surface layer of boards, was greater in conventionally dried timber than in vacuum-dried timber. In conventionally dried timber there was a clear seasonal variation in the gradient of final moisture content, which was greatest for winter-felled wood. The premature drying of the surface layer during the first steps of the conventional drying process of winter-felled wood was the reason for the higher gradient of moisture content. Storage of wood as logs decreased the standard deviation of the final moisture content.     

High‐Pressure Treatment of Wood – Combination of Mechanical and Thermal Drying in the “I/D Process”

Thermal drying of materials with internal pores is always a time‐consuming and energy‐intensive step within a production process. For chemical and pharmaceutical mass products and, in particular, for wood as an important raw material it is desirable to reduce the water content before thermal treatment by mechanical operations. The wood‐processing industry, facing a rising stress of competition, is forced more than ever to offer high‐quality products at lowest prices. Today, drying of timber is mostly done by air drying or by technical drying in kiln dryers. In any case, drying is necessary to prevent deterioration in quality by shrinkage, formation of cracks, discoloration or infestation. A new process of dewatering wood by combining mechanical and thermal means has been developed at the University of Karlsruhe. Compared to conventional drying processes, short drying times and a low residual moisture content can be achieved and, thus, energy consumption and costs can be reduced. In industrial wood drying only thermal processes (e.g., convective kiln drying, vacuum drying, etc.) have been established because so far no method has been known for removing liquid by mechanical force without significant change in wood structure. With the new I/D process chances for alternatives to conventional thermal drying or for mechanothermal applications are offered.