磷基阻燃剂对PBT阻燃性的影响

采用红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析法(TGA)对不同无卤阻燃剂(二乙基次磷酸铝AlPi与磷酸三聚氰胺MPP)加聚醚酰亚胺的PBT配方体系的UL94性能进行研究。结果表明:AlPi体系的阻燃性能可达V0级。同时,TGA与FTIR分析表明:AlPi通过焦化形成凝聚相而起阻燃作用,而MPP在PBT燃烧时处于气相并未起保护作用。     

正交实验法研究香蕉纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的性能

采用正交试验方法分别探讨了阻燃纤维含量、阻燃剂含量、阻燃剂配比、纤维长度对复合材料燃烧性能及力学性能的影响,采用极差分析方法对试验结果进行了分析,找出最佳的配方,然后与其它添加不同种类的阻燃剂的复合材料进行性能比较。结果表明,当纤维长度5mm、阻燃纤维质量为总质量的10%、阻燃剂质量为环氧树脂质量的40%、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐（MPP）和季戊四醇（PER）配比为3∶1时,复合材料的拉伸强度为20.45MPa,氧指数为33.7,垂直燃烧达到UL94V-O级。燃烧性能和力学性能与环氧树脂相比较,有较为显著的提高,综合性能最好。在纤维长度、阻燃纤维含量、阻燃剂含量都相同的情况下,添加不同种类的阻燃剂,其中添加MPP和季戊四醇的复合材料性能最好。     

脱醇型RTV-1阻燃硅橡胶的制备与性能研究

以碱催化平衡聚合法制备的α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶制备脱醇型RTV-1阻燃硅橡胶,研究阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)用量对脱醇型RTV-1硅橡胶阻燃性能、物理性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:当阻燃剂MPP用量超过30份时,硅橡胶的阻燃性能达到美国ANSI/UL 94—2010标准V-0级。随着阻燃剂MPP用量的增大,硅橡胶的热释放速率峰值和烟气释放速率减小,邵尔A型硬度、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,拉断伸长率呈减小趋势。与未添加阻燃剂MPP的硅橡胶相比,阻燃剂MPP填充硅橡胶的初始分解温度下降。     

磷酸蜜胺盐-蒙脱土无卤膨胀阻燃剂的合成及应用

用磷酸与三聚氰胺反应制备了无卤阻燃剂磷酸蜜胺盐（MPP），并将其作为插层剂用以制备磷酸蜜胺盐-蒙脱土（MPM）。用红外光谱对MPP及MPM的结构进行了分析表征，用X射线衍射表征了MPM的层间距。结果表明：MPP是具有氮、磷组分的膨胀型阻燃剂，并成功改变了蒙脱土的层间距，实现了蒙脱土的有机化；在ABS／MPP复合材料中，当MPP：季戊四醇（PER）物质的量比为2．5：1时，复合材料的阻燃级别达到FV-0级，拉伸强度为24．6MPa，熔体质量流动速率为6．72g／10min；固定n（MPP）：n（PER）为2．5：1，加入MPM，ABS／MPP复合材料的力学性能进一步得到改善，拉伸强度上升到32．5MPa，提高了24％，综合性能更佳。     

三聚氰胺系阻燃剂在尼龙中的应用

介绍了三聚氰胺系阻燃剂的阻燃机理、协同作用、特点，及其在尼龙中的应用；提出了该类阻燃剂的发展趋势。当三聚氰胺系阻燃剂的添加量为尼龙的10％～30％（质量分数）时，材料的阻燃性能达到UL-94V-0级。     

玻纤增强尼龙协同阻燃性能研究

以三聚氰胺和磷酸盐为原料,通过简单、节能、环保的合成方法制备了一种具有高效阻燃效果的三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐复合阻燃剂(MPP)。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对得到的MPP进行了表征,并通过缩合过程中氨的释放导致的失重来确定其转化率。采用该合成方法制备的MPP对玻璃纤维增强尼龙66进行了阻燃改性。进行了实际的阻燃试验,包括UL94垂直燃烧试验和极限氧指数测量,与现有的商用MPP系统进行了比较。     

磷-硅阻燃剂在膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯中的应用研究在

采用一种新型含磷硅高分子阻燃剂(EMPZR)与聚磷酸铵(APP)、多聚磷酸密胺(MPP）复配成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),并对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃。当APP/MPP/EMPZR质量比为15/10/15时,所制得的复合材料的氧指数达到33.0 %,垂直燃烧达到UL 94 V 0级;与纯PP相比,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度都没有下降;热失重分析表明,阻燃PP材料在600 ℃时的残炭量为21.14 %,成炭率显著提高;扫描电镜对残炭形貌的表征以及氧指数测试前后阻燃PP材料的红外图谱分析证实了EMPZR与APP、MPP在PP中有良好的协效阻燃作用。     

阻燃聚甲醛的研究

通过阻燃剂的筛选实验，正交实验和配方实验研制了阻燃聚甲醛（POM），并研究了阻燃POM的成型加工工艺。结果表明，最适于POM的阻燃剂为三聚氰胺，聚磷酸铵（APP）和季戊四醇双磷酸酯三聚氰铵盐（MPP）；将这三种阻燃剂复配使用，其效果比单独使用好，具有协同作用，在100份POM中加入40份APP和MPP的混合物及20份三聚氰胺，可使阻燃POM的氧指数达到49％；在100份POM中加入30份APP和MPP的混合物，20份三聚氰胺及10份吸醛剂A，可使阻燃POM的氧指数达到50％，垂直燃烧达FV－0级，两者的力学性能下降率小于50％＜阻燃POM挤出造粒时宜采用渐变式螺杆挤出机；注塑时宜采用螺杆式注塑机，挤出和注射成型的工艺条件与普通POM相同。     

成炭剂和分子筛协同MPP对PA6的阻燃性研究

将聚磷酸三聚氰胺(MPP)作为阻燃剂阻燃PA6,研究了高效成炭(剂CFA)和4A分子筛对MPP阻燃PA6性能的影响,并通过热失重分(析TGA)对材料进行了表征。结果表明:CFA和4A分子筛对MPP具有协效阻燃作用,加速了PA6阻燃时的成炭化学反应,改善了炭层结构。当阻燃体系中添加26%的MPP、4%的CFA和2%的4A分子筛时P,A6的氧指数可达到35%,垂直燃烧通过UL94 V—1级。     

无卤阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的研究

使用无卤磷系阻燃剂二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP)和氮系阻燃剂三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)作为阻燃剂,马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)为增韧剂,对聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)进行阻燃改性,分别研究两种不同体系阻燃剂对PTT阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并通过热失重(TG)分析仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其阻燃机理进行研究。实验结果表明,添加质量分数10%的ADP时,阻燃PTT达到V–0级,极限氧指数(LOI)达到30.0%,ADP主要在凝聚相中发挥阻燃作用;添加质量分数20%的MCA时,阻燃PTT达到V–0级,LOI达到24.9%,MCA主要在气相中发挥阻燃作用;ADP与MCA的加入都降低了阻燃PTT的综合力学性能。TG和DSC测试结果说明,ADP与PTT间的相容性良好,可以有效地促进PTT成炭并提高材料的阻燃性能;MCA与PTT间的相容性较差,且MCA对PTT成炭没有影响。添加质量分数5%的ADP和10%的MCA时,阻燃PTT达到V–0级,LOI达到26.9%,说明ADP与MCA具有协效阻燃作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。