Structure and mechanical properties of Ni-based porous superalloy

The porous superalloy materials with hollow spherical and oriented linear pores were fabricated by means of powder metallurgy using Ni-based superalloy powders. Structure observation revealed that the pores of the porous material exhibited uniform distribution and the pores were of the same size in principle. The sintering necks created between adjacent particles on metal skeleton after sintering. The porosity of the porous material increased with increasing the addition of pore forming agent, and the hollow spherical porous material with a porosity of 81.62% were obtained when the addition of pore forming agent was 40%. The compression test indicated that this kind of materials possesses excellent, energy absorption capability and the compression resistance decreased with the increasing of porosity and pore size.     

Microstructure and superelasticity of porous NiTi alloy

The microstructure, porosity, phase composition and superelasticity (SE) in porous NiTi alloys produced by elemental powder sintering are examined by SEM, image analysis and XRD. It is found that it is feasible to produce porous NiTi alloy by elemental powder sintering, and the porosity of sintered porous NiTi alloy is in the range of 36.0 %-41.5 %. The pores are interconnected and the microstructure is sponge-like. Meanwhile, porous NiTi alloy has good SE. XRD patterns show that there is no pure Ni in alloy sintered at 1223 K-9 h. Compared with the biomedical criteria for choice of implanting materials, porous NiTi alloy is satisfying to a great degree.     

等离子体活化烧结法制备多孔钛研究

采用等离子体活化烧结技术制得孔径大小可调、贯通性良好的多孔钛,确立了使用等离子体活化烧结法制备多孔钛的工艺流程,并确定了相关工艺参数,研究了发泡剂添加量和试块成型压力对多孔钛孔隙特征的影响,观察了多孔钛的显微孔隙特征.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement/gelatine composite scaffold with oriented pore structure for bone tissue engineering

The macroporous calcium phosphate(CPC) cement with oriented pore structure was prepared by freeze casting. SEM observation showed that the macropores in the porous calcium phosphate cement were interconnected aligned along the ice growth direction. The porosity of the as-prepared porous CPC was measured to be 87.6% by Archimede’s principle. XRD patterns of specimens showed that poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite was the main phase present in the hydrated porous calcium phosphate cement. To improve the mechanical properties of the CPC scaffold, the 15% gelatine solution was infiltrated into the pores under vacuum and then the samples were freeze dried to form the CPC/gelatine composite scaffolds. After reinforced with gelatine, the compressive strength of CPC/gelatine composite increased to 5.12 MPa, around fifty times greater than that of the unreinforced macroporous CPC scaffold, which was only 0.1 MPa. And the toughness of the scaffold has been greatly improved via the gelatine reinforcement with a much greater fracture strain. SEM examination of the specimens indicated good bonding between the cement and gelatine. Participating the external load by the deformable gelatine, patching the defects of the CPC pores wall, and crack deflection were supposed to be the reinforcement mechanisms. In conclusion, the calcium phosphate cement/gelatine composite with oriented pore structure prepared in this work might be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.     

Laboratory investigation on mechanisms of stress wave propagations in porous media

A number of porous models having the similar statistical characteristics of pores and physical properties with natural sandstones have been produced using reactive powder concrete (RPC) and polystyrenes. Spit-Hopkinson-Pressure -Bar tests and CT scans have been carried out on the models with the various porosities to probe the performance of wave propagations and the responses of pores and the matrix during wave propagations. It is shown that porosities significantly influence wave propagations. For an identical impact strain rate, the greater the porosity is, the larger the amplitude of the reflected wave appears, the more the peak in the reflected wave presents, and the smaller the amplitude of the transmitted wave turns out. A single peak emerges in the reflected wave when the porosity falls down to 5%. The larger the impact strain rate, the much remarkable the phenomena. The energy-dissipated ratio of porous models, i.e., W _J /W _I , linearly increases with the increment of porosities. The ratio is sensitive to the impact strain rate. Differences in the performance of wave propagations and energy dissipation result from the varied mechanisms that pores response to impacts. For the porosity less than 10%, the mechanism appears to be a process fracturing the matrix to generate new surfaces or pores. Energy has primarily been dissipated in creating new surfaces or pores. No apparent pore deformation takes place. The impact strain rate takes little effect on pore geometry. For the porosity of 15% or more, the mechanism works depending on the impact strain rate. When a low impact strain rate applies, the mechanism still appears to crack the matrix to generate surfaces or pores, but the amount is lower as compared to the case with a low porosity. If a large impact stain rate applies, the mechanism combines both fracturing the matrix and deforming the pores, with the deforming pores predominating. The vast majority of energy has been dissipated to deform pores. Only high porosity and impact strain rate can bring significant deformation to the pores. The proposed eccentricity of pores is capable of characterizing the geometry of pores and its change during wave propagations. Supported by the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGS-D2-2006), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2002CB412705), and the New Century Excellent Talents Program of the Ministry of Education of China (NCET-05-0215)     

制备具有通孔膜结构的聚醚砜微囊

采用“溶胶-凝胶”相转化方法制备带指状通孔结构的聚醚砜（PES）通孔膜微囊，重点研究了制微囊膜溶液中聚合物浓度、添加剂种类和浓度、凝固浴温度、腐蚀时间等因素对所制备的通孔膜微囊的微观结构及其参数的影响。结果表明，随着制囊膜溶液中PES浓度的增加，微囊的壁厚随之而增加，微囊的空隙率也逐渐变小；随氯化锂浓度的增加，微囊壁厚呈上升趋势，而微囊的空隙率下降；随着有机添加剂聚乙二醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮浓度的增加，微囊的壁厚均降低，空隙率增加；随着凝固浴温度升高，微囊膜指状孔道孔径变小，支撑层厚度减少，微囊的空隙率增加；随着浸蚀时间的增加，微囊的壁厚下降，空隙率有所升高。通过调节制微囊膜溶液成份和制备工艺条件，可以改变制微囊膜溶液体系热力学平衡性质和成膜动力学行为，从而实现对微囊膜微观结构的控制。     

玻璃-云母多孔材料的研制

报道了玻璃-云母多孔材料研制的结果，研究了该材料的岩相结构，对材料的抗压强度、显气孔率、体积密度进行了测试，实验结果表明，采用合理的烧结工艺，最佳的云母与玻璃配比，可得到云母在玻璃基质中呈现交织结构的多孔材料。     

多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金的制备及其压缩特性

首次以NaCl颗粒为造孔剂利用烧结-脱溶法成功制备出了多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金,并对其宏、微观形貌特征及压缩性能进行了研究.结果表明多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金为三维贯通的开孔网络结构,孔洞分布均匀,孔的大小、形貌与氯化钠颗粒相似.多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金试样的准静态压缩应力-应变曲线分为明显的弹性区、平台区及致密化区3个区域.长而平的平台区表明多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金具有良好的压缩吸能特性.     

Micro-configuration Observation of Porous Bioceramic for Sliding on Intestinal Mucus Film

1Introduction Theporousbioceramicshavecontrollableanisotropic porousmicrostructure,whichcontainmanysphericalin ter connectedmacro poresandmicro pores[1,2].Wesup posethattheporousmaterialcouldsucktheintestinalmu cusundercertainconditionswhileslidingonintes…     

氯化钠作为造孔剂制备含氯多孔羟基磷灰石实验研究

采用化学沉淀法,制备纳米HA粉体．采用造孔剂法,首次利用NaCl作造孔剂,将纳米HA粉体和NaCl颗粒按一定比例混合压制成型,经高温烧结制备出多孔含NaCl的HA材料．利用XRD、SEM、EDX手段研究多孔HA的组成成分、微观形貌、孔径尺寸及孔隙率．研究结果表明：NaCl是比较理想的造孔剂材料,可制备孔隙率、孔径尺寸、形貌可控的多孔材料．造孔剂含量为30％,尺寸在160～200目时,造孔效果最好;在烧结温度1200℃烧结时,NaCl会与HA发生反应,生成Ca5（PO4）3Cl,Ca9．54P5．98O23．58Cl1．6（OH）2．74等新的物相．     

铝硅比对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结液相流动性的影响

运用红外线微型烧结法对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结液相流动特性进行研究。通过在烧结原料中添加纯化学试剂研究不同Al2O3与SiO2含量之比对烧结液相流动性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3含量的增加虽然促进了烧结液相量的增多,但同时提高了液相的粘度,随着铝硅比的增加烧结试样的液相流动性降低。通过对试样气孔大小的对比,揭示了烧结过程中气孔形成与烧结矿液相流动特性的关系,粘度是控制气孔形成的重要因素。气孔的形成过程伴随着液相在气孔壁上的物理化学反应,气孔直径减小使烧结试样液相流动性变差。     

多孔微晶玻璃导热理论模型的验证

为了研究多孔微晶玻璃的孔隙率与导热系数之间的关系,以伟晶岩为原料,采用粉末烧结法和添加造孔剂方法,烧制出乳白色多孔微晶玻璃.根据多孔微晶玻璃的内部结构和孔隙率情况提出3种热传导的理想等效物理模型,推导出数学公式,验证了多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数.实验结果表明,实验测得的多孔微晶玻璃导热系数值与理论导热系数之间具有较好的一致性.如果已知多孔微晶玻璃的孔隙率,那么可以利用理想等效物理模型来推算多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数.     

煤层瓦斯扩散与渗流规律的初步探讨

借鉴石油天然气在孔隙裂隙二重介质中的渗流理论,依据相关的实验研究,结合煤层瓦斯流动的特点,建立了煤层瓦斯扩散与渗流的物理数学模型,并分析了其特点及今后的研究方向。     

多孔碳材料的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用

利用溶剂热法,将前驱体ZIF-8通过高温在氮气保护的气氛下进行碳化,得到高比表面积的多孔碳材料.通过X射线衍射仪分析材料的物相,比表面积分析仪检测材料的比表面积和吸脱附情况,用扫描电镜来观察材料的微观形貌;最后,对多孔碳材料在锂离子电池中的电化学性能进行了测试,0.1C条件下测得的比容量为284.61 mAh/g,且循...     

High Temperature Decomposition Behavior of CaZrO_3 Coating on Graphite for TiNi Alloy Melting

In order to restrain the carbon pollution, the feasibility of CaZrO_3 coating was studied. The precursor powder was synthesized via solid-state reaction using metal calcium as a raw material. The protective coating on graphite was prepared by impregnation sintering method, and the effects of slurry viscosity, graphite density and coating thickness for coating were compared. The phase composition and microstructure of coatings were characterized, and the thermodynamic process was analyzed when the coating composition changed from CaZrO_3 to ZrC. The results show that vacuum sintering can result in the decomposition of CaZrO_3 and an intact ZrC coating with beautiful porous structure can be obtained.     

多孔阵列阳极氧化铝膜润滑性能的Stribeck研究

为了研究阳极氧化铝膜的多孔结构对其润滑性能的影响,分别制备了光滑表面氧化铝膜,40 nm孔径、90 nm孔径多孔表面氧化铝膜.用接触角测试仪测试了水、机油与3种表面的接触角;在不同润滑条件下,用摩擦磨损试验机UMT-2测试了3种氧化铝膜与GCrl5钢面接触的润滑性能.结果表明:多孔结构氧化铝膜增强了材料的亲水性能和亲油性能,90 nm孔径氧化铝膜表现出超亲油特征;水润滑和机油润滑条件下,速度从0.016 m/s增至0.32 m/s过程中,光滑氧化铝表面只能形成边界润滑区域,多孔表面得到了包含边界润滑、混合润滑和流体润滑的完整的Stibeck曲线.机油润滑条件下,40 nm孔径的膜达到最小摩擦系数的临界速度为0.28 m/s,最小摩擦系数为0.083,90 nm孔径的膜达到最小摩擦系数的临界速度仅为0.2 m/s,最小摩擦系数减小为0.023;机油润滑条件下,90 nm孔径的氧化铝膜板的Stribeck曲线,谷底区域更宽.     

倾斜菱形孔端面密封的性能研究

基于流体润滑理论模型,采用数值模拟的方法分析几何参数和操作参数对机械密封泄漏率、液膜刚 度和开启力的影响规律,探讨倾斜菱形孔上、下游泵送效应对密封性能的影响机理。结果表明,双向倾斜菱形孔织 构端面能够使机械密封的动压效应显著增强,泄漏率明显降低及液膜稳定性更可靠;在较低转速时,双向倾斜菱形 孔织构可使密封端面迅速打开,能够有效减少启动时两端面间的摩擦和磨损,同时还能降低倾斜菱形孔织构密封的 泄漏率;在研究的工况条件下,非倾斜菱形孔织构密封的液膜稳定性(即变工况自适应能力)在三者(即双向、单向与 非倾斜菱形孔织构密封)中是最佳的;并得到了倾斜菱形孔端面密封的反向开孔比、孔倾角、面积比和孔深等几何参 数的优化取值范围。     

Preparation of Porous Ceramisite for Waste Water Treatment Made from Red Mud

The porous ceramisites for wastewater treatment were made from red mud, which is the industrial waste discharged from the production of Al2O3. The sintering process and the degreasing experiments with porous ceramisites have been finished. The results show that the sintering temperature control is dominant for the preparation of the porous ceramisites. The optimal sintering temperature is between 1 110-1120℃, a narrow range. The surface of ceramists is distributed with a lot of coarse holes with diameters of about 1-10μm. Moreover, the sintering temperatures have a great influence on the efficiency of degreasing, and the curve between the sintering temperature and the efficiency ofdegreasing is like a parabola.     

利用造纸"黑液"沉淀物制备多孔材料

以造纸工业废水处理后的“黑液”沉淀物为主要原料，加入适量粘土，石英、长石及添加剂等，按传统工艺方法在一定烧成温度条件下制备出多孔材料，经测试材料显气孔率达40％左右，且具有一定的抗酸碱化学性能和抗热冲击性能，并有一定的吸附过滤能力，“黑液”沉淀物的利用可减少二次污染，变废为宝，对于环境保护有一定的现实意义。     

A statistical model for porous structure of rocks

The geometric features and the distribution properties of pores in rocks were investigated by means of CT scanning tests of sandstones. The centroidal coordinates of pores, the statistic characterristics of pore distance, quantity, size and their probability density functions were formulated in this paper. The Monte Carlo method and the random number generating algorithm were employed to generate two series of random numbers with the desired statistic characteristics and probability density functions upon which the random distribution of pore position, distance and quantity were determined. A three-dimensional porous structural model of sandstone was constructed based on the FLAC^3D program and the information of the pore position and distribution that the series of random numbers defined. On the basis of modelling, the Brazil split tests of rock discs were carried out to examine the stress distribution, the pattern of element failure and the inosculation offailed elements. The simulation indicated that the proposed model was consistent with the realistic porous structure of rock in terms of their statistic properties of pores and geometric similarity. The built-up model disclosed the influence of pores on the stress distribution, failure mode of material elements and the inosculation of failed elements. Supported by National Basic Research Project of China (Grant No. 2002CB412705), Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGS-D2-2006) and New Century Excellent Talents Program of the Ministry of Education of China (NCET-05-0215)