Nb2O5基光催化材料的改性及其在水处理中的应用进展

半导体光催化技术是将太阳能转化为化学能的有效途经，在环境污染控制和清洁能源生产等方面拥有巨大应用潜力，发展前景广阔。作为该技术的核心环节，光催化剂材料的设计与研发一直是多学科的研究重点。最近，环境友好的Nb₂O₅因拥有适合光催化反应的多种优良特性，如表面吸附能力强和空穴具有高氧化性等而受到科研工作者青睐。过去几年，大量围绕高活性Nb₂O₅基光催化材料研发的工作被进行。本文以Nb₂O₅自身结构特征及理化性质为切入点，针对Nb₂O₅基光催化材料的改性策略进行总结和整理，介绍了形貌调控、缺陷工程、元素掺杂、贵金属沉积以及半导体复合等策略改善Nb₂O₅基光催化剂光催化活性的作用机制，并对其在水环境中有机污染物降解、重金属离子还原以及细胞灭活等方面的应用进行评述的同时也对该类材料的发展提出了前景展望。本项工作系统梳理了Nb₂O₅基光催化...     

Ag2C2O4/TiO2异质结的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锐钛矿型TiO₂,通过沉淀法成功将Ag₂C₂O₄沉积于TiO₂表面制备了Ag₂C₂O₄/TiO₂异质结。采用孔隙比表面分析仪(BET)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)等对Ag₂C₂O₄/TiO₂异质结结构和光响应能力进行了表征;运用表面光电压仪(SPS)等对光催化剂的光生电荷分离特性进行了研究;考察了异质结光催化剂对模拟污染物罗丹明B的催化降解性能。结果表明：当Ag₂C₂O₄/TiO₂摩尔比为7.0%时,异质结光催化剂的光生电子-空穴分离速率最高,该光催化剂对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能最好。     

Bi2MoO6的形貌调控及其应用研究进展

光催化技术是解决环境污染、能源危机以及微生物净化的有效手段之一,在半导体领域得到了广泛的应用和飞速的发展,其中Bi₂MoO₆因其具有较强的可见光响应性能和较窄带隙,逐渐成为光催化领域的研究热点。然而,Bi₂MoO₆较差的化学表面形态和缓慢的载体迁移速率也限制了Bi₂MoO₆光催化材料的实际应用。经研究发现,形貌调控是增强铋系光催化性能的有效方法。本文总结了近年来Bi₂MoO₆光催化剂的形貌调控和应用研究进展,分别从Bi₂MoO₆的形貌分类、制备方法及其应用等方面进行综述,探讨了反应时间、温度以及溶液pH值等因素对Bi₂MoO₆形貌的影响,对Bi₂MoO₆形貌调控的未来发展趋势和面临的挑战进行分析总结。      

二氧化钛基材料光催化降解VOCs的研究进展

挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)大量排放导致的人体健康和环境问题已引起广泛关注,如何高效环保地去除VOCs一直是催化化工行业领域的热点和难题之一.光催化氧化技术(PCO)被认为是有效的环境污染物治理方法之一.TiO₂作为研究时间最长的光催化剂,具有成本效益高、稳定性好和光催化降解能力强等优点.然而,无法利用可见光和光激发电荷载流子分离效率低等瓶颈问题始终制约着其进一步发展.通过改性来克服TiO₂固有限制和提高TiO₂光催化氧化降解VOCs能力势在必行,立足于TiO₂光催化去除VOCs的基本原理,面向影响光催化反应的关键因素,从掺杂、半导体复合、缺陷工程、晶面工程、载体吸附和形貌调控等几个方面出发对近年TiO₂基材料设计及其在光催化降解VOCs领域应用的研究进行了系统的归纳和总结,并对如何进一步改进基于TiO₂的光催化氧化VOCs技术提出展望.     

光催化处理低浓度氨氮废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了比表面积为73.69 m²·g^-1和中位粒径(D₅₀)为1.134μm的TiO₂光催化剂,通过添加La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Gd等稀土元素对TiO₂光催化剂进行改性。运用XRD、BET、粒度和氨氮分析等表征手段,考察了稀土离子掺杂、催化剂加入量、H₂O₂加入量和紫外光照时间等因素对TiO₂光催化处理稀土冶炼氨氮废水的影响。结果表明,稀土离子掺杂可有效提高TiO₂光催化处理氨氮废水的能力。在最佳光催化工艺条件下,添加La、Ce元素样品的氨氮去除率均达到80%以上,氯化铵废水中的氨氮浓度可显著降至14 mg/L,达到了稀土工业污染物排放标准中新建企业氨氮限值要求(15 mg/L)。     

水热法合成Ag2CO3/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了一系列不同Ag₂CO₃含量的新型Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂, 运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征, 并以紫外光(254 nm)为光源, 评价了催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 考察了不同Ag₂CO₃复合量、不同水热温度对ZnO复合光催化剂反应活性的影响.结果表明, 当Ag₂CO₃含量为2 %、水热温度为140 ℃, 复合光催化剂具有最大的光催化活性, 降解率达到86.31 %.Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性主要原因是复合光催化剂对紫外光有很强的吸收能力, 适量Ag₂CO₃能提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率, 并改善催化剂的物理性能.      

Z型CuBi2O4/BiOBr异质结高效光催化降解阿莫西林及RhB-MB

采用水热法合成了CuBi₂O₄、BiOBr和不同摩尔比的CuBi₂O₄/BiOBr复合光催化剂,利用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis、BET、EIS等测试手段对催化剂的结构、形貌和光催化性能进行了表征。CuBi₂O₄/BiOBr异质结的构建显著地提高了光生电子空穴的分离效率,增强了光催化活性。在可见光照射下,20%CuBi₂O₄/BiOBr在60 min内降解95%的阿莫西林(50 mL, 10 mg/L)。探究了复合催化剂对RhB-MB双模拟污染物降解的光催化活性,结果表明：在多种污染物同时存在下,复合催化剂仍然表现出较好的光催化性能。根据活性物种捕获试验和催化剂的导带价带位置,提出了CuBi₂O₄/BiOBr异质结光催化过程可能的机理。     

纳微结构Ag2CO3光催化材料的制备 及其在光催化的应用

Ag₂CO₃是近年来发现的一种新型的可见光响应光催化剂,对甲基橙（MO）、罗丹明B（RhB）和亚甲基蓝（MB）等染料和苯酚等有机物都具有较高的光催化降解能力.然而,在光催化反应过程中,Ag₂CO₃晶体中的Ag+会被自身的光生电子（e-）还原形成金属Ag单质,随着反应的进行,样品的稳定性和光催化效果迅速降低.贵金属沉积、非金属掺杂和形成异质结等方法,可以使Ag₂CO₃的光吸收得到扩展,同时促进光生电子空穴对的分离,从而提升Ag₂CO₃的抗光腐蚀性能和对污染物的降解效率.通过不同的物理和化学方法调控Ag₂CO₃催化材料的形貌、晶粒尺寸和晶体缺陷等,可以提升其比表面积和光生电子空穴的传输效率,进而提高其光催化活性.文中归纳了近年来Ag₂CO₃光催化材料的研究进展,分析了Ag₂CO₃光催化的特点,阐述了一系列提升Ag₂CO₃光催化性能的方法,并对Ag₂CO₃光催化材料的研究进行了总结与展望.      

具有核壳结构的FeS2微米球与碳纳米管原位复合介孔材料的构建及其在锂离子电池中的应用

通过简单的水热反应原位合成了具有核壳结构的FeS₂微米球与多壁碳纳米管复合的介孔材料(C-S-FeS₂@ MWCNT).FeS₂微米球表面由纳米片状颗粒堆叠形成的厚度为~350 nm壳层, 以及以化学键的形式吸附在微球表面的碳纳米管共同构成了材料保护层.保护层具有丰富的官能团和大量的孔隙结构, 保证了锂离子扩散通道, 并有效抑制了体积膨胀.C-S-FeS₂@ MWCNT在200 mA·g-1的电流密度下, 250次循环可逆容量达到638 mA·h·g-1, 倍率性能也得到明显改善, 为过渡金属硫化物电极材料的微米化设计和体积能量密度的提升提供了可能.      

二硫化钼性能及应用研究进展

二硫化钼（MoS₂）具有特殊层状结构和特有的性质,被广泛应用于电子器件、催化剂、生物医疗等领域。文中论述了MoS₂的润滑性能、光电性能、催化降解性能,介绍了MoS₂在锂离子电池、超级电容器、生物医疗、生物传感器、光催化等领域的应用研究现状,结合研究背景和发展现状提出了MoS₂未来的发展趋势。     

钒酸铋可见光催化剂的研究进展

BiVO_4作为一种非TiO_2基的半导体光催化剂,其禁带宽度较窄,为2.4 eV(单斜相),能在可见光区响应,因而受到了广泛的关注。到目前为止大部分的光催化剂只能在紫外光区域发挥作用,因此很有必要去开发在可见光区域发挥作用的新型光催化剂,以便于更好的利用太阳能资源。本文综述了一种新型非TiO_2基可见光照射下具有高效催化活性的光催化剂——BiVO_4,包括BiVO_4的可控合成和光催化活性以及提高BiVO_4光催化性能的主要方法。     

真空吸铸法制备铝基空心陶瓷球泡沫材料的结构和性能

采用真空吸铸法制备了不同粒径的铝基空心陶瓷球泡沫材料。利用金相、扫描电镜观察、能谱分析和力学性能测试等手段对所制备复合材料的微观组织和性能进行了研究,结果表明:陶瓷球在铝基体中分布均匀,陶瓷球与基体之间未出现裂纹和缝隙,未出现明显的元素扩散的现象;不同粒径空心陶瓷球铝基复合材料的压缩应力-应变曲线的形状不尽相同;粒径小的陶瓷球铝基复合材料的压缩应力高于粒径大的复合材料。     

Electronic properties and photodegradation ability of Nd-TiO2 for phenol

In this study, the photocatalytic activity of Nd-TiO₂ photocatalysts obtained by common hydrothermal method was evaluated by practical experiments and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) to study their physical/chemical properties. At the same time, the photoelectronic performance was also investigated. The photodegradation ability of as-prepared photocatalysts and the effect of Nd doped amount and photocatalysts dosage were investigated by the photodegradation of phenol (30 mg/L) under 400 W metal halide lamp (UV–Vis). The effect of Nd on electronic properties of TiO₂ and adsorption ability of phenol were discussed. Results show the red-shift wavelength of 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂, indicating that its absorption capacity is stronger than pristine TiO₂ in the same wavelength range. The result of DFT calculations demonstrates that the optical bandgap of Nd-TiO₂ is profoundly reduced, thus the light absorption ability is promoted, which will be responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Nd-TiO₂. 0.5 mol% Nd is an optimum value for photodegradation phenol, and phenol can be completely degraded by 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂ for 210 min, the higher catalytic performance is derived from the efficient separation of e^–/h⁺ pairs. Moreover, the adsorption energy calculations of phenol on TiO₂ (101) and Nd-TiO₂ (101) demonstrate that the Nd doping can significantly enhance the adsorption ability of phenol on catalyst surfaces because of the formation of Nd–O bonds. At last, the stability measurement through four recycles exhibits that 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂ possesses excellent stability.     

Aluminium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles:Facile and inexpensive synthesis and visible light photocatalytic performances

Facile combustion route synthesized Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles photocatalysts were characterized using XRD,SEM,BET,EDS,UV-visible DRS,PL,photocurrent and EIS techniques.XRD and SEM analyses identify that crystallite and particle size is reduced from 13.26 to 11.88 nm with introduction of Al and Ce into ZnO which assists inhibiting the recombination of photo generated charge carriers.UVvisible DRS spectra indicate that optical assimilation of ZnO is significantly increased to visible region(-406 nm)and band gap reduces from 3.18 to 3.06 eV with introduction of Al and Ce co-dopants.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis under visible light illumination confirms the enhancement in visible light activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalysts.The enhanced activity of Al and Ce co-doped ZnO photocatalyst can be ascribed to enhanced light assimilation,high surface area and efficient charge transfer process.Our results reveal that by incorporating precise amount of Al(~2%)and Ce(~2%)into ZnO,a highly efficient catalyst can be synthesized that have degraded almost 95%methyl orange(MO)dye in just 45 min.Further,the influence of various operational parameters such as solution pH,catalyst dose,dye concentration,airflow rate and light intensity on photodecomposition of MO was evaluated.Furthe rmore,a possible mechanism for Al and Ce modified ZnO was proposed and designed photocatalysts demonstrates good stability in aqueous medium.     

钒酸铋/二氧化钛-石墨烯宽光谱复合光催化剂的制备及性能

通过溶剂热法制备了具有可见光光催化活性的BiVO₄/TiO₂-石墨烯复合光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光发射光谱对样品进行表征,复合光催化剂的催化活性以模拟太阳光条件下降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝来评价.结果表明:BiVO₄/TiO₂-石墨烯复合光催化剂在530-800 nm的可见光范围具有很强的吸收峰.石墨烯的引入不仅拓宽了光谱响应范围,而且使得BiVO₄和TiO₂粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯薄片上,能快速捕获并迁移电子,有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性.      

Synthesis of yttrium and cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles as highly inexpensive and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution

Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photoluminescence(PL)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)techniques.The introduction of yttrium ions has efficiently increased the relative percentage of Ce³⁺ions in ZnO.Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO shows efficient photo activity for hydrogen evolution(10.61 mmol/((g·h))higher than previously reported optimal value for rare earth codoped ZnO photocatalysts.This remarkably increased hydrogen evolution can be ascribed to the synergy between electronic anchoring effect of Y³⁺/Y²⁺and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺redox couples.This report presents new idea for the synthesis of efficient photocatalyst using economical route and ion anchoring effect.The hydrogen evolution was also tested using Na₂S and Na₂SO₃as electron donors under visible light illumination.The synthesized photocatalysts also exhibit high stability.     

沙尘环境下含玻璃微珠铜基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用MM-1000摩擦实验机,分别在沙尘环境与干摩擦情况下,研究不同玻璃微珠含量(质量分数)铜基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在摩擦过程中,玻璃微珠含量通过影响摩擦膜的形成而影响材料的摩擦磨损性能;在沙尘环境下,沙尘破坏材料表面摩擦膜致使材料的摩擦因数高于干摩擦情况下的摩擦因数,且材料的制动稳定性较差,线性磨损量随着玻璃微珠含量增加而增加;综合不同环境下的摩擦实验结果表明,含6%玻璃微珠的材料具有良好的摩擦学性能;添加2%和4%玻璃微珠材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损与剥层磨损,但添加6%和8%玻璃微珠的材料以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主要磨损机制。     

Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of samarium-doped zinc oxide nanostructures

In the present work,we have synthesized samarium doped zinc oxide nanostructures(Zn_(1-x)Sm_xO;x=0.00,0.02,0.04 and 0.06) via chemical precipitation method and studied their structural,morphological,optical and photocatalytic properties.X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns,PL and Raman spectra results indicate that the undoped and Sm-doped ZnO nanostructures are crystallized in a hexagonal wurtzite structure.FESEM images show that the morphology of the sample changes from cubical to hexagonal nanostructures with increase in Sm~(3+)doping concentration.The EDX spectra confirm the incorporation of Sm~(3+)ion in ZnO.The influence of Sm~(3+)doping on the structure,morphology,absorption,emission and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures were investigated systematically.The addition of Sm~(3+)ion leads to a red shift in the optical energy band gap from 3.19 to 2.67 eV and hence,increases the visible light absorption ability.The presence of E_2(H) and E_1(LO) modes in microRaman spectra confirms the crystallinity and defects in the samples.The detailed photocatalytic experiments reveal that Sm-doped ZnO nanostructures show the maximum photodegradation efficiency for Methylene blue(MB) dye for x=0.04,i,e.,94.94%,under visible light irradiation.The photocatalytic efficiency improves by 6.98 times when ZnO is doped with rare earth metal ion(Sm~(3+)) and is a potential candidate for practical applications.The investigation demonstrates that as-synthesized nano-sized photocatalysts act as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of MB dye.     

半导体光解水制氢的研究

直接利用太阳能光解水制氢是解决世界能源危机的重要途径之一 ,本文概述了利用光催化技术催化分解水制氢的反应机理 ,介绍了几种现已研究的光催化剂及提高其光化学反应活性的途径 ,并对未来的研究方向做了展望