CSP工艺含铝无取向电工钢中夹杂物的演变和控制

 为了更好地控制CSP工艺下电工钢中的夹杂物,研究了涟钢CSP工艺含铝电工钢夹杂物在精炼连铸热轧过程中的演变机理。RH合金化后钢中夹杂物有Al2O3,Al2O3 SiO2和Al2O3 CaO CaS 主要3种,RH出站和中包钢液中的夹杂物主要是Al2O3 CaO CaS和少量单独的Al2O3和CaS夹杂。减少钢液中夹杂物的主要措施是降低RH出站前的顶渣氧化性。热轧卷材样中夹杂物与钢液中夹杂物不同,主要是AlN和MnS,夹杂物总量与氮、硫质量分数呈正相关,氮元素的影响最显著。     

SCM435合金冷镦钢夹杂物的研究

利用桶状取样器获取SCM435生产过程VD精炼终点和中包钢水试样,采用ASPEX夹杂物一体化分析仪研究分析钢中夹杂物,结果表明:1)采用高碱度精炼渣系可以实现良好脱氧和控制夹杂物。2)试验炉次VD终点和中包试样中尺寸大于3μm的夹杂物的数量分别为1.40和1.98个/mm2。3)VD精炼终点的夹杂物类型以CaS、CaS-Oxides、Alumina为主,还存在Ca-Al-O和Oxides类型的夹杂物,而中包内的夹杂物则以CaSOxides、CaS为主,几乎没有Al2O3和Ca-Al-O夹杂。     

X80管线钢精炼过程夹杂物研究

采用铁水脱硫－转炉－LF炉－RH－钙处理－连铸工艺路线,出钢采用Al脱氧,造高碱度低氧化性精炼渣,生产X80管线钢。研究了精炼过程中夹杂物的成分、尺寸、形貌和数量等变化情况,确定了钢中夹杂物在不同精炼环节的变化规律,探讨了夹杂物中MgO和CaO的来源。结果表明,采用该冶炼工艺路线所生产的管线钢总氧含量在10－12ppm之间,钢中20µm以下夹杂物所占比例达到了90%,钢水具有很高的洁净度水平。在精炼过程中夹杂物MgO含量逐渐降低、CaO含量逐渐增加,精炼结束后钢中夹杂物为球形MgO－Al2O3－CaO类夹杂物,MgO、Al2O3和CaO平均含量分别2.6%、53.7%和43.7%,该类夹杂物外层为CaS,在精炼钢水温度下为液态,表明钢中夹杂物得到了有效的变性处理。在钢中夹杂物去除效果方面,软吹氩工艺对于10um以下夹杂物的去除效果最好,去除率达到了81%。     

持续氧化对钢水钙处理过程中夹杂物的影响

采用感应炉研究了持续氧化对钙处理过程夹杂物的影响。结果表明，在氧化发生前，钙的挥发是夹杂物成分转变的主要原因；氧化发生后会依次与钢中的钙、铝和硅元素发生反应，夹杂物转变规律为CaO- CaS- (Al2O3)→CaO- (CaS)- Al2O3→(CaO)- Al2O3→Al2O3→SiO2。夹杂物的数密度从10升高到210个/mm2，最终样品夹杂物的数密度为300个/mm2。根据钢液成分的检测结果，可将试验分为钙挥发期、铝氧化期和硅氧化期，对氧化过程分阶段进行热力学计算，能够更加准确地预测夹杂物成分。     

钙处理时机对LF-RH精炼过程Al2O3基夹杂物的影响

为研究LF-RH精炼工艺生产Q690钢时不同钙处理时机下夹杂物特征的变化,开展工业试验对RH精炼前后钙处理炉次取样进行定量分析对比。钙处理后夹杂物中CaO质量分数持续增加,CaS质量分数瞬态增加,夹杂物熔点降低。RH精炼前钙处理炉次中,RH精炼过程夹杂物的成分接近低熔点区,结束时夹杂物数量密度和面积分数分别为15个/mm2和0.01%。RH精炼后钙处理炉次中,RH精炼过程夹杂物依旧为高熔点Al₂O₃-MgO类型,结束时夹杂物数量密度和面积分数分别降至1个/mm2和0.002 5%。RH精炼前钙处理会使RH精炼过程夹杂物熔点以及夹杂物与钢液间的接触角降低,导致夹杂物去除驱动力降低,从而抑制夹杂物的去除。因此LF-RH精炼工艺生产铝脱氧钢时,为提高精炼过程钢中非金属夹杂物的去除效率,应在RH精炼后进行钙处理操作。     

铝镇静钢LF精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

通过对LF精炼开始3 min、通电化渣和钙处理后3个阶段的钢水进行取样,对夹杂物的数量、形态及成分进行对比分析,来研究铝镇静钢中夹杂物在精炼过程中的变化及钙处理对夹杂物性质的影响.结果表明:钙处理在提高钢水洁净度、夹杂物改性等方面效果显著.当LF炉通电化渣后,夹杂物球化率显著提高;钙处理后,球化率进一步提高.LF精炼开始3 min后,钢中的夹杂物以Al2O3-SiO2-MnO和纯Al2O3夹杂物为主;通电化渣后,钢中夹杂物以Al2O3-CaO(CaS)-SiO2为主;钙处理后,钢中夹杂物以Al2O3-CaO为主.     

弹簧钢精炼过程中非金属夹杂物行为的研究

针对淮钢弹簧钢60Si2CrVAT,采用金相、SEM-EDS等分析方法,研究了精炼过程中夹杂物尺寸、成分、形貌等变化的情况,结果表明,在LF炉精炼后,微观夹杂物由30.57个/mm2下降到8.93个/mm2,减少了70.79%,RH循环脱气处理后,夹杂物略有减少,经轧制后,夹杂物数量有所增加。随着冶炼过程的进行,大颗粒夹杂得到有效去除,细微夹杂物所占比例逐步升高。钢中存在的夹杂物主要有氧化物、硫化物,以及CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂物,成材中以复合氧化物为主。     

20CrMo合金钢生产过程中非金属夹杂物的演变

为了进一步研究20CrMo合金钢在生产过程中夹杂物的演变机理,实现对钢中非金属夹杂物的合理控制,保证生产顺行,提高产品力学性能,针对“BOF→LF→RH→钙处理→连铸→热轧”工序生产20CrMo合金钢全流程中非金属夹杂物的演变规律进行了研究。在LF精炼及RH精炼加钙前钢中非金属夹杂物含有70%以上的Al₂O₃。钙处理后,由于过量的钙加入到钢液中,夹杂物中CaS质量分数迅速增加至59%,Al₂O₃质量分数降低至21%。在连铸过程中由于二次氧化的发生,夹杂物转变为CaO?Al₂O₃,其中含有50%的Al₂O₃、39%的CaO和10%的CaS,并且夹杂物平均尺寸增加。在钢的冷却和凝固过程中,CaO质量分数降低至5%,CaS质量分数增加至57%,钢中夹杂物转变为Al₂O₃?CaO?CaS的复合夹杂物,同时含有少量大尺寸的CaO?Al₂O₃夹杂物。在钢的轧制过程中,夹杂物中CaO含量进一步降低,CaS含量增加,夹杂物平均尺寸增加,形成了CaO?Al₂O₃与CaS黏结型的复合夹杂物与Al₂O₃?CaS复合夹杂物。对CaO-Al₂O₃与CaS黏结型的复合夹杂物的形成原因进行了讨论。      

中碳钢钙处理夹杂物变性的“液相窗口”控制模型

 系统研究了国内某钢厂生产的中碳钢Q345B钙处理前后夹杂物类型的变化,从热力学上分析铝脱氧钢中Al2O3夹杂物变性机制及夹杂物中CaS合理控制的条件,确立了夹杂物变性的“液相窗口”模型。热力学计算表明,温度为1873K,w(［Al］)为0.016%时,Al2O3转变为液态钙铝酸盐需要使钢中w(［Ca］)为0.0017%~0.0102%。生产实践表明,钙喂入量在0.0014%~0.0017%时,钙处理可以将钢中高熔点Al2O3的夹杂物转化为低熔点的12CaO·7Al2O3和CaO·Al2O3夹杂物,MnS基本转化为CaS,且无单独CaS析出。     

X80管线钢精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

研究了国内某厂生产X80管线钢精炼过程中夹杂物的转变.BOF出钢阶段加铝脱氧,钢中夹杂物以伴有极少量MgO的Al2O3为主;LF过程采用高碱度高还原性渣精炼,钢中Al2O3夹杂物向钙铝酸盐和CaO-MgO-Al2O3复合夹杂物转变,平均成分靠近低熔点区;RH真空处理后,夹杂物中Al2O3和MgO的含量减少,CaO含量增加,夹杂物成分分布较为分散;钙处理后,钢中CaO-MgO-Al2O3复合夹杂比例明显减少,CaO与CaS比例明显增加,夹杂物平均成分已经远离低熔点区,达到了高品质管线钢的冶炼效果.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.