离子型稀土资源开采负外部性的能控性与能观测性分析

离子型稀土资源开采在现行技术条件下无论采用原地浸矿还是堆浸工艺均会产生负外部性,通过对原地浸矿、堆浸工艺条件下离子型稀土资源开采负外部性表现形式以及基于现代控制理论对离子型稀土资源开采负外部性的能控性和能观测性的简要分析,得出以下初步结论:①离子型稀土资源采用原地浸矿工艺开采的负外部性的能控性会难于采用堆浸工艺; ②离子型稀土资源采用堆浸工艺开采的负外部性的能观测性会比采用原地浸矿工艺容易。此外,建议进一步优化原地浸矿、堆浸工艺,再从离子型稀土资源开发全过程及其负外部性的能控性和能观测性角度系统比较这两种工艺,明确各种浸取工艺的适用条件。      

离子型稀土矿环境风险评估及污染治理研究进展

离子型稀土是关系国家安全和发展的重要战略性和保护性资源,具有配分齐全、中重稀土元素含量高、放射性比度低、综合利用价值大、提取工艺简单等优点。离子型稀土开采先后经历了池浸、堆浸和原地浸矿工艺,目前大力推广原地浸矿。矿山开采活动对环境的影响、环境评价和污染防治一直是人们关注的问题,在分析和总结近二十年来离子型稀土资源环境问题领域的研究成果基础上,从开采过程中的主要环境问题、环境监测与评价方法、环境污染防治技术等方面进行了综述,提出了进一步提高稀土回收率以及有利于解决环境问题的思路和研究方向。     

离子型稀土矿不同采选工艺比较:基于成本的视角

离子型稀土矿采选先后经历了池浸、堆浸和原地浸矿3种工艺.目前,国家要求离子型稀土矿开发应采用原地浸矿等适合资源和环境保护要求的生产工艺,禁止采用池浸、堆浸工艺.基于离子型稀土矿床的特征、地质条件、各种工艺基本原理及优缺点,通过对不同工艺的会计成本比较和环境治理成本分析,认为从稀土矿采选会计成本的角度,3种工艺的成本相差不大;如果考虑环境治理成本,则对于地质条件复杂的矿山,采用原地浸矿工艺总成本可能最高.最后,提出了现阶段我国离子型稀土矿开采应因地制宜、有针对性地选择采选工艺及其他相关建议.      

两种采矿方法下离子型稀土矿山生态环境成本量化对比研究

矿山生态环境成本定量核算对稀土行业可持续发展具有重要影响,土壤生态环境成本和水环境成本是离子型稀土矿山生产过程中的最主要环境成本。本文以离子型稀土矿山土壤生态环境和水环境成本为研究对象,建立了生态环境成本核算框架,对两种不同采矿方法(堆池浸工艺和原地浸矿工艺)下的离子型稀土矿山的环境成本进行了量化核算。研究表明,原地浸矿工艺环境成本(25430元/吨稀土)略低于池浸工艺(26683元/吨稀土),二者相差不大。建议离子稀土矿山实际生产中,应根据当地实际地质环境条件,考虑堆浸与原地浸矿两种工艺的共生共赢。     

原地浸析采矿方法在离子型稀土矿的应用及其展望

离子吸附型稀土矿是我国70年代初发现的一种宝贵稀土资源。本文概述了其成矿与富集规律及其开采方式由露采池浸工艺发展为原地浸析采矿的演变过程，介绍了露天池浸与原地浸析采矿两种方法的工艺流程及其优缺点，目前原地浸析采矿方法在离子型稀土矿山的应用简况及今后研究发展的方向．     

离子吸附型稀土开采工艺与理论研究现状

对离子吸附型稀土的浸矿工艺与理论进行了综述,阐述了堆浸、池浸、原地浸矿三种提取工艺和发展历史,分析了现有工艺存在的问题,结合最新研究成果,报道了离子型稀土浸出新工艺和新技术。在浸矿理论方面,重点论述了浸矿过程中渗流力学、岩土力学、传热传质学的最新成果,最后提出了离子型稀土必须走科学化、智能化、安全、环保的精准开采道路,发展成为具有科技支撑、理论支持的开采提取新模式。     

浸矿作用下离子型稀土强度弱化及滑坡研究进展

离子型稀土原地浸矿过程中,由于受到浸矿液渗流作用、化学置换作用、降雨和干湿循环等因素的影响,矿体强度将发生不同程度弱化。结合国内外学者对离子型稀土浸矿过程中强度特性的研究成果,对浸矿液渗流作用、化学置换作用、降雨和干湿循环作用对离子型稀土矿体强度影响规律进行归纳总结,分析了矿体颗粒孔隙结构、土体含水率、基质吸力等参数与强度指标黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ之间的关系,综述了离子型稀土矿山边坡稳定性的影响因素,提出了矿山滑坡相关防控措施,并对今后的研究思路进行展望。研究结果为离子型稀土强度弱化机理及边坡稳定性分析提供参考,有助于离子型稀土安全高效开采。     

离子型稀土矿山无铵绿色开采对植物和土壤微生物的影响

南方离子型稀土矿多年来采用以硫酸铵作为浸矿剂的原地浸出工艺开采,氨氮污染问题凸显;近年来开发出以硫酸镁替代硫酸铵作为浸矿剂的绿色无铵开采新工艺。为研究新型无铵开采工艺对环境的影响,本文分别选取全覆式离子型稀土矿块和裸脚式矿块设置测试样方和对照样方,测定典型植被芒萁的叶绿素含量和覆盖度以及土壤微生物的数量。研究表明,受注液影响的样方和周边未受影响的对照点的植物生长情况、叶绿素含量、土壤微生物数量基本相同,没有太大差异,说明无铵绿色开采工艺对不同类型的离子型稀土矿山植被和土壤微生物的影响在可以接受范围内,验证新开采工艺在不同类型稀土矿山的环境可行性。     

离子型稀土原地浸矿土壤氮素污染研究趋势

随着离子型稀土资源的开发利用,矿体周围氮素引起的土壤及水体污染日趋严重。通过研究离子型稀土原地浸矿氮素污染机理,分析目前国内外关于土壤氮素污染研究现状,提出氮素污染物在离子型稀土原地浸矿土壤中迁移与转化规律、机理以及模型建立和应用,将是国内外今后研究的侧重方向。     

南方离子型稀土一维水平入渗规律试验研究

离子型稀土原地浸矿工艺中浸矿液入渗直接影响稀土资源的高效开采与利用.基于自制试验装置进行离子型稀土一维水平入渗试验,溶浸液选取3 %硫酸铵溶液,研究了4种不同粒径稀土的累积入渗长度、湿润锋运移速率、入渗率等变化规律.结果表明:随着入渗时间的递增,累计入渗长度呈先快速增加、后缓慢发展的趋势;湿润锋运移速率和入渗率先达到最大值、后快速减小再趋于稳定,湿润锋运移速率与时间之间的关系符合幂函数关系v=λ·t-0.5;土样饱和渗透系数为0.001 3~0.002 5 cm/min,其数值随着最大粒径增大而递增,研究结果有利于实现原地浸矿的科学化.      

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.