太浦闸除险加固工程施工图审查的实践与体会

施工图设计文件审查是项目法人质量管理工作的一项重要内容。本文结合在太浦闸除险加固工程施工图审查工作中的实践探索与体会,提出项目法人应重视施工图审查工作、完善水利工程施工图审查制度、处理好与其他专项审查的关系等建议,以推动水利工程施工图审查工作的规范开展。     

水利工程施工图审查制度初探

介绍了施工图审查制度的法律界定及现状,探讨了水利工程施工图审查制度可以采取的模式,分析了以项目法人为主导的水利工程施工图审查制度现行法规基础以及需要规范的方面,对进一步提高施工图质量提出建议.     

对我省水利工程推行施工图审查制度的思考

施工图审查制度是建设工程的一项法定制度。由于前期工作审批环节多等因素,这一制度在水利工程建设中一直未得到推行。随着水利工程建设管理体制的不断改革，施工图设计质量不高，以及由此导致的工程投资难以控制，工程质量不能有效保证。2006年全国水利建设管理工作会议提出，在水利工程建设中推行施工图审查制度，以确保工程设计和建设质量。围绕在水利工程建设中如何推行施工图审查制度，笔者在调研的基础上，进行了思考并提出一些建议。     

浅谈水利工程施工图审查的一些体会

结合目前各地已开展水利工程施工图审查工作的情况,从施工图审查意义、审查程序、审查内容、审查中发现的问题等方面进行分析总结,并以笔者自身体会提出了几点建议,供探讨交流,以更好地推动水利工程施工图审查工作的进展。     

黄河下游防洪工程施工图设计技术性审查探讨

对黄河下游防洪建设工程施工图设计审查现状进行了分析，认为：为了进一步提高水利工程质量，确保工程建设的安全可靠性，保证国家利益、人民的生命财产安全，在水利行业建立和推行施工图设计审查制度势在必行；对其审查主要内容提出了基本思路和研究方向，并以黄河河道整治续建工程为例，拟定了审查技术要点。应加快对施工图技术性审查的研究步伐，按照不同项目类别，对工程安全、功能影响大的专业制定相关的审查要点。     

浅谈水利工程施工图审查的技术要点

目前,水利工程尚未全面推行施工图设计的审查工作,并且没有全国统一的规定,大多依循地方性规章制度,具有很大的局限性与不适用性。本文结合松花江干流治理工程施工图审查工作的情况,针对审查的程序、内容、要求等方面进行了分析与总结,系统地阐述了审查工作流程。文中内容可为类似工程提供借鉴,以更好地推动水利工程施工图审查工作的开展。     

水利工程质量监督改革的几点意见

本文分析了水利工程质量监督的现状,为适应完善的社会主义市场经济的要求、政府职能的改革和全面推进依法行政,提出了水利工程质量监督职责和工作内容的定位,工程质量监督范围的重新确定,质量监督机构的设置和人员的配置,有关质量监督的法律法规修订建议,统一修订质量验收和质量管理规程规范,建立水利工程施工图文件审查制度等方面的改革.     

《江苏省水利工程施工图设计文件审查管理办法》解读

为规范全省水利工程施工图设计文件审查工作,提高水利工程建设质量,省水利厅根据有关法律法规,结合本省实际,制定了《江苏省水利工程施工图设计文件审查管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）,并以苏水规〔2015〕1号文件发布,定于2015年3月1日起施行。     

黑龙江省水利工程实行施工图审查制度的必要性和关键点

在黑龙江省三江治理工程的施工图审查过程中,发现一些问题。分析了水利项目实施施工图审查制度的必要性,并提出针对黑龙江省水利项目在施工图审查过程中应着重注意的一些关键节点。     

水利工程施工图审查的要求和重要性

随着水利工程建设项目规模的不断扩大,工程完工后,由于设计上的缺陷,给后期工程管理运行造成不便,对此,水利部也进一步明确规定“施工图设计文件未经审查批准的,不得使用”。结合北汝河大陈闸实际工作对水利工程建设过程中施工图审查工作的重要性做出正反阐述,希望在今后的水利工程项目建设中项目法人能够对施工图审查引起足够的重视,尽量使施工图设计文件符合相关的规范标准、切合工程现场实际情况、满足业主的需求,达到工程建设的质量安全指标。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.