"数字黄河"工程的建设框架及工程进展

"数字黄河"工程建设,旨在提供黄河流域的信息服务和决策支持平台,以解决好当前黄河流域面临的洪水威胁、水资源供需矛盾和生态环境恶化三大问题,并最终实现黄河的长治久安和黄河流域经济、自然环境的可持续发展. 数字黄河工程主要由基础设施、应用服务平台和应用系统所构成. 通过防汛减灾、水量调度、水资源保护、水土保持、工程管理和电子政务六大应用系统的建设,全面带动"数字黄河"工程的实施.     

浅谈计算机监控系统在暗渠泵站中的应用

引滦入津工程输水线路全长234Km,源水经过潮白河泵站、尔王庄泵站和宜兴阜泵站三级泵站提升,供给天津市自来水集团公司.近几年经过技术改造,三级泵站均实现了计算机监控.其中尔王庄暗渠泵站,由于常年运行,其计算机监控系统具有较强的代表性,计算机监控系统在泵站安全运行和水资源合理调度中起着不可替代的作用.     

青铜峡灌区远程自控闸门系统的应用与研究

为了节约灌区水资源,实现水资源统一管理,在宁夏青铜峡灌区西贴渠灌域引入远程自控闸门系统.该系统采用互联网计算机控制,实现闸门远程控制、渠道水位参数控制与调节等功能,达到渠道配水科学管理与实时监控的目的.经运行测试表明,该系统具有较好的稳定性和精确度,可以满足灌区信息化管理的要求,可在灌区推广使用.     

"数字黄河"工程及其关键技术支持

“数字黄河”工程的建设，目的是实现黄河信息化管理，最终实现黄河水利现代化．围绕“洪水威胁、水资源供需矛盾、生态环境恶化”三个中心，通过防汛减灾、水量调度、水质监控、水土流失治理与监测、水利工程运行与管理、电子政务及黄河网七个方面的应用牵引，全面带动“数字黄河”工程的实施．“数字黄河”的关键支撑技术包括地理信息系统、遥感技术、卫星全球定位系统、通信网络技术、空间数据(仓)库及虚拟现实技术．“数字黄河”工程的关键是黄河流域模型的建设．     

山东黄河涵闸砼老化病害机理分析及评估方法探讨

在对山东黄河涵闸工程老化病害现状调查统计的基础上 ,对其中钢筋砼结构老化病害问题的产生机理和评估方法进行了分析与探讨。     

开封市引黄供水与区域经济发展关系分析

分析了开封市黄河水资源开发利用现状,通过对开封地区水资源及用水结构的深入调研,探讨了开封地区工业发展、农业种植和生态发展与黄河水资源的关系,提出了实施最严格的水资源管理制度,充分利用黄河水资源,采取可行措施、促进节约用水,发挥水资源的最大效能等黄河水资源开发措施。     

黄河流域水资源科学管理探析

对黄河水资源量(花园口站实测)进行了分析,探讨了区域水资源承载力及量化方法,建议从水资源产权(水权)的管理、加强经济手段在黄河水资源配置中的调控作用、加强水资源组织与协调管理、研究制定有关黄河水资源管理法规、增加黄河河川径流调蓄能力和水源补给、重视基础研究和高新技术在黄河水资源管理中的应用等6个方面进行黄河流域水资源的科学管理。     

黄河下游涵闸引沙比影响因素分析研究

针对目前引沙比概念存在的问题 ,规范了引沙比的定义 ,界定了其延伸定义的内涵。根据黄河大量实测资料 ,分析得出引沙比的主要影响因素 ,构建出黄河涵闸引沙比统一公式框架 ,为统一引沙比提供了一定的理论依据。     

水资源实时监控与"3S"技术

结合国内黄河、太湖、海河等五试点的水资源实时监测与管理系统的建设情况,及国内已建成的大部分防汛减灾系统运行情况,归纳总结了“3S”技术在水资源管理中的重要性及其运用,为提高“3S”技术在水资源实时监测与管理系统中的应用提供参考.     

黄河下游引黄灌区多目标供水水资源优化分配数学模型

黄河水资源供需矛盾十分突出，引黄灌区水资源的优化配置，是采用总体供水净效益及粮食总产量最大两个目标涵数，将灌区大系统分系统分解成若干个子系统，建立多目标供水水资源优化分配数学模型来进行的，提出了建立数学模型的基本思想，方法及适用于黄河下游引黄灌区多目标供水水资源优化分配的数学模型。     

黄河下游河段渗漏耗水量时空变化分析

针对黄河下游"地上悬河"的特殊地貌状况,采用试验观测与数学建模相结合的方法,分析了黄河下游河道渗漏耗水量的变化.利用竖管法现场测定河床沉积物的渗透系数,根据黄河下游各水文站1991—2005年的月、年水位资料及相应年份两岸距离黄河最近的地下水长观孔的月、年资料,以达西定律为基本数学模型,通过物理试验确定参数,分析计算了各子河段的等效渗透系数和各子河段的其他信息,计算了黄河下游河道1991—2005年的渗漏耗水量,并分析其时空变化特征,为黄河下游水量统一调度提供技术支撑.     

Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on Water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m³. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower Yellow River were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m³, the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 2390 to 2900 m³/s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower Yellow River with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.     

Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River

1IntroductionIntheriversystemwithsediment-ladenflow,WaterUseforSedimentTransport(WUST)isaveryimportantcomponentofecologicalwaterdemands,whichmaintainfundamentalfunctionofallecosystemcomponentsataspecificlevelofcondition[1].EnoughWUSTisthepremisetokeepthestableriver-bedandhealthyriverecosystem;alsoitisthebaseflowofriverfortheexploitationofwaterresources.Comparingwithotherrespectsrelatedwithwaterdemandsofriverecosystemsuchastheminimumflowforfishesorripariantrees,researchesontheWUSTarequite…     

黄河下游典型滩区“92·8”洪水分区滞洪沉沙数值模拟研究

采用平面二维水沙数学模型,依据“92·8”典型洪水情况,对黄河下游夹河滩至高村河段进行了无生产堤条件下的自然漫滩、现状生产堤条件下漫滩及典型滩区分洪淤滩,3种工况条件下的河道冲淤、洪水演进及滩区淹没的数值模拟.模拟成果分析表明,对黄河下游蓄滞洪区进行滞洪沉沙,有效增大了分洪区的削峰滞洪作用,保证和扩大了滩槽泥沙横向交换...     

黄河调水调沙对黄河下游引黄供水的影响分析

小浪底水库投入运行后对黄河下游来水、来沙产生了巨大影响.调水调沙则使下游主河槽全线下切、相同流量条件水位降低,改变了引黄闸的引水条件.通过相关数据分析了黄河调水调沙对下游引黄供水的影响.结果表明,黄河在年平均流量下的水位仍能够满足水闸的设计引水要求;辅以工程措施可以解决河道下切对引水带来的不利影响.     

黄河下游河道1952～2000年特征大断面变化特性

黄河下游河道滩区防洪形势的严峻性使下游滩区的治理受到广泛关注.针对这种现状,作者搜集整理黄河下游各大断面历年汛期实测资料以及断面资料,用Visual FoxPro程序建立数据库;采用断面法计算汛期特征断面冲淤量;通过分析各断面历年汛期冲淤面积和平均冲淤深度变化,分析了近50 a不同来水来沙条件下河道冲淤演变特点,得到不同来水来沙对河道冲淤影响的几点认识.     

宁夏引黄灌区抗旱打井对绿洲生态的影响

近年黄河来水减少，宁夏引黄灌区灌溉用水减少了30％，灌区实施抗旱打井工程，造成灌区地下水位下降，个别湖泊出现干涸；在集中连片的井灌区，周边居民的生活自备井、手压井取水困难．章分析了灌区地下水开发利用的潜力和未来引黄水量减少后对地下水位及灌区绿洲生态的影响，提出应保持适宜的引黄水量并合理开发利用地下水资源，以维系灌区绿洲生态平衡。     

Modeling sediment transport in the lower Yellow River and dynamic equilibrium threshold value

1IntroductionTheYellowRiverbasin,knownasthecradleoftheChineseculture,hasalargepopulationandisrichinnaturalresources.ThisregionanditseconomicconditionshavebeenimprovedquicklysinceChina’seconomicreformandopening-up.However,thewaterresourcesandtheirenvironmentalissueshavereceivedlittleattention.Thesedi-mentconcentrationintheYellowRiverissohighthatthedepositionontheriverbedmakestheriverbedelevationhigherthanthegroundoutsidetheriverbanks,whichleadstothefamous“suspendedriver”sceneintheregion.P…     

Modeling sediment transport in the lower Yellow River and dynamic equilibrium threshold value

A major problem in the lower Yellow River is the insufficient incoming water and excessive sediment supply, which results in serious deposition, continuous rise of the river bed, and austere flood control situation. To understand the sediment transport regularity of the lower Yellow River and determine the relationship between sedimentation, incoming water and sediment, and zone water diversion, a mathematical model of the sediment suitable for the characteristics of the lower Yellow River has been developed. This model is first rated and verified by large quantity of observed data, and it is then used to analyze silting reduction for the lower Yellow River by Xiaolangdi Reservoir’s operation, the relationship between zone water diversion and channel sedimentation, and critical equilibrium of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River. The threshold values of equilibrium of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River are estimated and they suggest that deposition in the lower Yellow River can be effectively reduced by the operation of regulating flow and sediment from Xiaolangdi Reservoir, water-soil conservation, and controlling water diversion along the lower Yellow River.     

裁弯取直技术在黄河下游大宫至王庵河段的应用

黄河下游为典型的游荡性河段,横河、斜河等畸形河势时有发生,从理论和实践两方面论证了裁弯取直工程是规顺黄河下游畸形河势、减小两岸工程出险几率的一种有效措施.着重介绍了黄河下游大宫至王庵河段裁弯取直工程的方法和措施,可作为其他畸形河势治理时参考.