新目标英语七年级(上)Unit 2知识要点归纳

<正>【重点词组或短语】thanks for...为……而感谢my family photo我的全家福the photo of your family你的全家福very much非常my cousin我的堂(表)兄弟姐妹my parents’names我父母的名字in the first photo在第一幅照片里in the second photo在第二幅照片里【重难点句子】1.This/That is my friend.这(那)是我的朋友。2.These/Those are my brothers.这些(那些)是我的兄弟们。3.Those are my two brothers.那些是我的俩兄弟。     

新目标英语七年级(上)Unit 2知识要点归纳

<正>【重点词组或短语】thanks for...为……而感谢my family photo我的全家福the photo of your family你的全家福very much非常my cousin我的堂(表)兄弟姐妹my parents’names我父母的名字in the first photo在第一幅照片里in the second photo在第二幅照片里【重难点句子】1.This/That is my friend.这(那)是我的朋友。2.These/Those are my brothers.这些(那些)是我的兄弟们。     

新目标英语七年级(上) 情景交际再现

<正>【介绍认识】(1)This is...常用来介绍人或物,表示"这是……",其复数形式为These are...;表示"那是……"用That is...,复数形式为Those are...。(2)英美人自我介绍时很直率,简洁明了,一般用My name is...或I’m...就可以了。【表达平台】1.This is my sister.这是我的妹妹。2.These are his brothers.这些是他的哥哥。【提建议】祈使句常用来表示说话人的建议、请求、命令等,常用句型为:Let’s+动词原形。肯定回答一般用:All right./OK./Good idea.否定回答用:Sorry,but.../No,thanks.等。     

My Family

<正>【栏目要求】1.将学生习作根据中考分值给出成绩;2.在应该修改的地方划线并标注序号;3.根据所标序号进行修改并说明修改的理由;4.给学生习作点评<优点与不足>;5.请点评名师提供简历一份,包括:学校、职务、职称、荣誉、教研教学成果、照片一张。来稿请寄:430079华中师范大学外国语学院《中学生英语》杂志社初中部收My name is Shi Ruqin.I am from a worker’s family.There are six peoples①in my family.They are my grandfather,my grandmother,my father,my mother,my sister and I.Every member in my family works hard.My grandfather and grandmother are farmers.     

新目标英语七年级(上)Unit 4知识要点归纳

<正>【重点词组或短语】on the sofa在沙发上in your backpack在你的双肩背包里my computer game我的电脑游戏under the bed在床下on the dresser在梳妆台上take...to...把……带去……on the bed在床上in the drawer在抽屉里her math book她的数学书【重难点句子】1.—Where’s my backpack?——我的双肩背包在哪里?—It’s on the desk.——它在桌子上。2.—Are your books under the chair?——你的书在椅子下面吗?—No,they aren’t.——不,它们不在椅子下面。     

A new interpretation for formation of orthogonal joints in quartz sandstone

Two vertical and orthogonal systematic joint sets are generally arrayed in a grid pattern on the bedding surface,which are the significant features of flat-lying sandstone terrains.Although extensive researches are reported on this topic,many fundamental problems have still not been solved.Such mutually perpendicular opening-mode fractures are an obvious manifestation of effective tensile stresses in two orthogonal directions in the horizontal bedding plane.A good understanding of these orthogonal joint systems is a key to structural analysis,landscape interpretation,and guidance of resolving a number of very practical problems in engineering,mining and hydrologic projects.Based on an anatomic investigation on the orthogonal joints in the Potsdam sandstone of Cambrian age at Ausable Chasm(New York State,USA)and Beauharnois(Quebec,Canada),we proposed that the orthogonal joints may result from the auxetic effects of quartz-rich sandstone rather than local or regional rotation of the maximum tensile stress(σ₃)direction by about 90°.The sandstone beds with negative Poisson's ratios are so fascinating that,when placed under vertical burial compression and layer-parallel extension in one direction(σ₃),it becomes stretched in the transverse direction(σ₂),producing two orthogonal sets of mutual abutting and intersecting joints(J1 and J2 normal toσ₃ andσ₂,respectively),and both are normal to the bedding surface.Joint set J1 is more closely-spaced than J2 by a factor of～3.3,which is correlated with an average Poisson's ratio of?0.3 for the Potsdam sandstone at the time of joint formation.     

静听花开的声音

<正>【案例背景】那天早晨,我与往常一样早早来到教室,等待孩子们一个个来到讲台旁上交家庭作业,一切都是那么平常。过了一会儿,侯馨雨(化名)迅速把作业本交了上来,上交的却是一篇英语日记。【案例过程】正当我想拿起红笔进行批改时,映入我眼帘的却是满纸的英文。这篇日记的题目是:My mother is awful.正文内容是这样写的:My mother is awful,because she lost my rabbit,the rabbit was very lovely.I love it.The rabbit had two long end two eyes,It’s so beavitful Rabbit ate apples...But I can’t belive it!My rabbit lost,I asked my mother,Can’t you lost my rabbit?She ashed,yes,I can,what?I fell awful I wanted to cry,who can tall me,where’s my rabbit.Oh,my god.     

新目标英语九年级Unit 14知识要点归纳

<正>【短语小结】1.win a prize获奖2.do a school survey做一个学校调查3.meet the standard of a strict teacher满足一位要求严格的老师的要求4.score two goals in a row连续踢进两个球5.learn to play the keyboard学会弹琴6.be patient with sb.对某人有耐心7.guide sb.to do sth.指导某人做某事8.put in more effort更加努力9.look back at回首10.make a great big mess弄得一团糟11.keep my cool保持我的冷静12.look forward to doing sth.期望做某事     

Dam foundation excavation techniques in China:A review

A protective layer(PL) is commonly reserved above foundation surface to protect the underlying rock mass during dam foundation excavation. In China, the PL of dam foundation is conventionally subdivided into two or three thin layers and excavated with the shallow-hole blasting method, even by pneumatic pick method in case of soft rock mass. The aforementioned layered excavation of the PL delays the construction of the whole project. After nearly 30-year practices, several safe and effcient methods for the PL excavation of dam foundation are gradually developed. They include shallow-hole bench blasting with cushion material(SBC) at the bottom of the hole, and horizontal smooth blasting(HSB). The PL is even cancelled on the condition that horizontal pre-split technique is employed during dam foundation excavation. This paper introduces the aforementioned two PL excavation methods(shallow-hole blasting and bench blasting) and horizontal pre-split technique of dam foundation without protective layer(HPP). The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drill-and-blast parameters of typical projects are examined. Meanwhile, the merits and limitations of each method are compared. Engineering practices in China show that HSB is basically the optimal method for dam foundation PL excavation in terms of foundation damage control and rapid construction. Some new problems for dam foundation PL excavation arising, such as strong unloading and relaxation phenomenon that encountered in the gorge region of southwest China, are needed to be addressed; and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed as well.     

Risk of shear failure and extensional failure around over-stressed excavations in brittle rock

The authors investigate the failure modes surrounding over-stressed tunnels in rock.Three lines of investigation are employed:failure in over-stressed three-dimensional(3D) models of tunnels bored under 3D stress,failure modes in two-dimensional(2D) numerical simulations of 1000 m and 2000 m deep tunnels using FRACOD,both in intact rock and in rock masses with one or two joint sets,and finally,observations in TBM(tunnel boring machine) tunnels in hard and medium hard massive rocks.The reason for 'stress-induced' failure to initiate,when the assumed maximum tangential stress is approximately(0.4-0.5)σ_c(UCS,uniaxial compressive strength) in massive rock,is now known to be due to exceedance of a critical extensional strain which is generated by a Poisson's ratio effect.However,because similar 'stress/strength' failure limits are found in mining,nuclear waste research excavations,and deep road tunnels in Norway,one is easily misled into thinking of compressive stress induced failure.Because of this,the empirical SRF(stress reduction factor in the Q-system) is set to accelerate as the estimated ratio σ_(θmax)/σ_c 0.4.In mining,similar 'stress/strength' ratios are used to suggest depth of break-out.The reality behind the fracture initiation stress/strength ratio of '0.4' is actually because of combinations of familiar tensile and compressive strength ratios(such as 10) with Poisson's ratio(say0.25).We exceed the extensional strain limits and start to see acoustic emission(AE) when tangential stress σθ≈ 0.4σc,due to simple arithmetic.The combination of 2D theoretical FRACOD models and actual tunnelling suggests frequent initiation of failure by 'stable' extensional strain fracturing,but propagation in 'unstable' and therefore dynamic shearing.In the case of very deep tunnels(and 3D physical simulations),compressive stresses may be too high for extensional strain fracturing,and shearing will dominate,both ahead of the face and following the face.When shallower,the concept of 'extensional strain initiation but propagation' in shear is suggested.The various failure modes are richly illustrated,and the inability of conventional continuum modelling is emphasized,unless cohesion weakening and friction mobilization at different strain levels are used to reach a pseudo state of yield,but still considering a continuum.