CONSTRAINT MECHANISMS IN AUTOMATED KNOWLEDGE GENERATION

Abstract

In the past decade, the use of control and diagnostic reasoning systems in different areas of government, industry, and university operations has increased. A great number of these systems find their basis in engineering, specifically in process control. The majority of the time devoted to the development of these systems is spent in the areas of Knowledge Engineering (KE) and Knowledge Acquisition (KA). Extensive research for the development of systems that perform the KE task is under way. This article presents an approach toward automatic knowledge acquisition. The objective of this research was to construct a complete knowledge base for a diagnostic and control reasoning system from information that resides in Computer Aided Design (CAD) databases. This work will decrease the amount of time spent in the manual generation of knowledge bases for diagnostic reasoning systems, ft will also enable the creation of more reliable knowledge bases since less hand coding is required.     

Distributed manufacturing execution systems: A workflow perspective

Research of manufacturing execution systems (MESs) has been conducted to integrate ERP and physical operational systems, so a fully automated and integrated manufacturing management environment can be developed. However, as subcontracting becomes common in industries, a single MES is not enough and it is necessary to develop distributed MESs to integrate the distributed operations. This research proposes a distributed workflow model to develop such a system. In the workflow model, there are three cooperation types for defining the relationships between an action and resources. Six relational patterns are defined for the relationships between actions. This research also reviews current information technologies, including data acquisition and control (DAC) components, control software's, ASP .NET, and CLIPS, for supporting the development of distributed workflow models. Additionally, this research proposes using a collaborative workflow-based protocol (CWP) to form a distributed workflow. CWP is based on the integration of Internet technology and CLIPS. It is found that the proposed structure may ease the decision process of forming a distributed workflow. In summary, this article reports a cutting edge approach for the development of distributed manufacturing execution systems. The results show solutions for integrating high-level planning systems, such as ERP, and low-level operational systems through information technologies.     

中小型钢铁企业CIMS系统的新型链式结构

针对目前国内中小型钢铁企业的特点,提出了适合中小型钢铁企业的链式CIMS体系结构。即包含有:总线控制系统的生产执行系统MES,它作为构建企业CIMS的信息起始链;与生产活动相关的基本管理信息系统MIS,它构成简单的企业生产经营链;Internet和Intranet的企业e化系统EES,它是信息链的终端。分别阐述了EES,MIS,MES的功能、内容及实施的关键核心技术和支撑系统,为中小型钢铁企业实施CIMS工程提供了一种切实可行的技术方案。     

Automated knowledge acquisition for the surface-mount PWB assembly domain

The development of knowledge-based (or expert) systems for the surface-mount printed wiring board (PWB) assembly domain requires the understanding and regulation of several complex tasks. While the knowledge base in an expert system serves as a storehouse of knowledge primitives, its design and development is a bottleneck in the expert system development life-cycle. Therefore the development of an automated knowledge acquisition (KA) facility (or KA tool) would facilitate the implementation of expert systems for any domain. This paper describes an automated KA tool that helps to elicit and store information in domain-specific knowledge bases for surface-mount PWB assembly. A salient feature of this research is the acquisition of uncertain information.     

A conceptual model for user-centered quality information retrieval on the World Wide Web

Information retrieval from the Internet is becoming a commonplace phenomenon. Users and consumers are browsing websites and seeking various kinds of information for personal use. Retrieving quality information from the Internet can be challenging even for the computer-savvy. There are several search engines, even some personalized, to help users search for information on the Internet. In spite of all the claims about search engines, users still have difficult time retrieving relevant information quickly. This paper proposes a general conceptual model for user-centered quality information retrieval (UCQIR) from the Internet. The UCQIR conceptual model is presented in an architectural form. The UCQIR architectural model uses the concept of “Task-performer” to present various aspects of an information retrieval system at the knowledge level. Task-performer is an abstract construct used to conceptualize the idea of an entity that is competent in doing its tasks. The UCQIR architectural model can be used to easily design and develop domain-specific, user-centered quality information retrieval systems. The proposed UCQIR conceptual model is unique and comprehensive. The use of the conceptual model is illustrated through a design of a patient-centered quality medical information retrieval for the medical domain. We also present an experimental evaluation of a UCQIR prototype based upon real user experiences. The experimental results are very positive.     

Internet上信息服务系统的建造、维护和管理

ＷＷＷ（Ｗｏｒｌｄ－ＷｉｄｅＷｅｂ）是Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上广泛流行的分布式超媒体信息系统。目前,随着Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ热潮席卷全球,越来越多的部门、企业甚至个人基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上的ＷＷＷ设施建造自己的信息系统。但是由于ＷＷＷ系统的固有特点,使得利用现有方法开发的信息系统存在许多问题。该文针对这些问题,提出了建造基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的分布式超媒体信息系统的一些设想,并给出了实现这一设想的系统模型。     

基于移动Agent的Internet拓扑自动发现研究

发现网络拓扑是实现许多关键网络管理任务的先决条件。然而由于Internet具有庞大的规模和动态性 ,因而发现Internet的拓扑是一项非常困难的任务。提出了一个基于移动Agent的分布式Internet拓扑发现算法 ,在算法中各个自治系统内的拓扑发现采用分布式的方式 ,因而比传统的基于客户 /服务器模式和SNMP的方法具有更高的效率和更好的可伸缩性。     

利用海量知识库实现实体标注的一种方法

互联网上聚集了大量的文本、图像等非结构化信息,RDF作为W3C提出的互联网上的资源描述框架,非常适合于描述网络上的非结构化信息,因此形成了大量的RDF知识库,如Freebase、Yago、DBPedia等。RDF知识库中包含丰富的语义信息,可以对来自网页的名字实体进行标注,实现语义扩充。将网页上的名字实体映射到知识库中对应实体上称作实体标注。实体标注包括两个主要部分:实体间的映射和标注去歧义。利用海量RDF知识库的特性,提出了一种有效的实体标注方法。该方法采用简单的图加权及计算解决实体标注的去歧义问题。该方法已在云平台上实现,并通过实验验证了其准确度和可扩展性。     

Knowledge acquisition, modelling and inference through the World Wide Web

The development of knowledge-based systems involves the management of a diversity of knowledge sources, computing resources and system users, often distributed geographically. The knowledge acquisition, modelling and representation communities have developed a wide range of tools relevant to the development and management of large-scale knowledge-based systems, but the majority of these tools run on individual workstations and use specialist data formats making system integration and knowledge interchange very problematic. However, widespread access to the Internet has led to a new era of distributed client–server computing. In particular, the introduction of support forformson World Wide Web in late 1993 has provided an easily programmable, cross-platform graphic-user interface that has become widely used in innovative interactive systems. This article reports on the development of open architecture knowledge management tools operating through the web to support knowledge acquisition, representation and inference through semantic networks and repertory grids.     

Dependable and secure computing in medical information systems

Medical information systems facilitate ambulatory patient care, and increase safer and more intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities through automated interoperability among distributed medical devices. In modern medical information systems, dependability is one of the most important factors for patient safety in the presence of delayed or lost system alarm and data streams due to the intermittent medical device network connection or failure. In addition, since the medical information need to be frequently audited by many human operators as well as the automated medical devices, secure access control is another pivotal factor for patient privacy and data confidentiality against inside or outside adversaries. In this study, we propose a dependable and secure access policy enforcement scheme for disruption-tolerant medical information systems. The proposed scheme exploits the external storage node operated by the device controller, which enables reliable communications between medical devices. Fine-grained data access control is also achieved, while the key escrow problem is resolved such that any curious device controller or key generation center cannot decrypt the private medical data of patients. The proposed scheme allows the device controller to partially decrypt the encrypted medical information for the authorized receivers with their corresponding attributes without leaking any confidential information to it. Thus, computational efficiency at the medical devices is also enhanced by enabling the medical devices to delegate most laborious tasks of decryption to the device controller.     

基于分布式架构的网络考试系统的设计

针对早期的基于C/S结构或简单B/S结构的网络考试系统已经满足不了实际应用需求,研究开发了一套能适应大型网络考试需求的分布式B/S结构的通用网络考试系统,提出了基于3级管理架构的考试系统方案。从网络架构、总体功能、业务流程和安全4个方面进行了设计,并用JSP和SQL数据库技术实现了基于分布式架构的网络考试系统。     

A bi-level concise modular structured knowledge representation scheme

For many years, major drawbacks that have been present in knowledge-based systems are their lack of structure-based knowledge access, high consumption of storage space, long response time, and incapability of tracing items related to each other, unlike a data processing system manipulating a data constructed according to the doubly linked list data structure. This article presents a bi-level knowledge representation scheme that addresses these problems along with several others. This scheme is based on a new knowledge access method in which the expert system communicates with the knowledge base through sub-knowledge sources rather than knowledge sources (facts and rules), i.e., through distinguished objects and relations. This method is used to design the scheme through building the knowledge base using a set of individual objects and relations. This individuality is shown to make it possible to construct highly efficient indices for these objects and relations.

It is shown that although the physical structure knowledge achieves high performance through implementing a concise and structured version of the knowledge in its low level, it is organized to provide efficient service to all the tasks carried out by the accompanying knowledge based system. Furthermore, although the low-level knowledge is highly abstracted, it is easily browsed in its full text mode, just like many existing knowledge bases. One of the important issues that this scheme address is the optiional incorporation of certainty degrees that is used by an appropriate reasoning strategy. It is also shown that fuzziness manipulation can be carried out or halted without having to rewrite the knowledge stored physically.     

面向企业制造过程的信息集成研究与实现

为了发挥MES系统在网络化制造环境中的实用价值,必须保证MES能够与企业管理系统进行信息集成及共享,并且能够解决异构系统中所遇到的知识表达、存储与获取问题。以沈阳透平机械股份有限公司生产车间为系统开发背景,针对信息管理系统中的信息孤岛现象,与企业现有网络结构结合,设计开发出MES^NEU.net v1.0系统。通过对实际问题的解决应用,实现了MES在协同制造中与企业信息系统的集成应用。     

基于Web Service的异构工作流管理系统的集成和互操作研究

本文首先分析了分布、异构工作流管理系统的互操作对各种交互模式的需求，针对 现有的工作流管理系统的分布式应用解决方案的不足之处，提出了一种基于Web Service的支持分布、异构工作流管理系统之间集成和互操作的实现方法．Web Service因其开放、标准化而受到业界广泛重视，已成为新一代基于Internet建立分布式应用的规范．本文从异构工作流管理系统之间的信息集成、工作流引擎之间调用语义的实现、工作流执行服务的描述、发布和绑定等方面，论述了Web Service对异构工作流管理系统之间集成和互操作的支持．     

Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems Using a Networked Predictive PID Tracking Scheme

With the rapid development of network technology and control technology, a networked multi-agent control system is a key direction of modern industrial control systems, such as industrial Internet systems. This paper studies the tracking control problem of networked multi-agent systems with communication constraints, where each agent has no information on the dynamics of other agents except their outputs. A networked predictive proportional integral derivative(PPID) tracking scheme is proposed t...     

Enhancing Knowledge Management and Decision-Making Capability of China’s Emergency Operations Center Using Big Data

Emerging communication and computing technologies such as social media, Internet of Things and big data provide great opportunities to improve information management systems for emergency operations. This paper studies the issues of information management at China’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC), and proposes a data-driven knowledge management system (KMS) to support decisionmaking, coordination, and collaboration within EOCs and with the public. In the proposed KMS, big data analytics is employed to gather and analyze information from different knowledge domains and track how a crisis evolves in physical world and in cyber space. The proposed system aims at improving situation awareness of public opinions and regulating human behaviors in regards to an emergency. A case study is presented to explain how the proposed system is applied to improve decision-making during emergency.     

面向分布式协同设计的对等信息共享系统

为了实现分布式协同设计中的共享信息快速检索以及多副本同步,提出了基于对等网结构的信息共享系统,给出了该信息共享系统的节点模型、管理策略及信息检索模型,提出了一种结合分布式哈希表和聚类的检索方法,保证了用户能够在协同设计系统中快速地精确检索和“盲目”检索,实现了系统的用户透明。为了保证分布式多副本同步,提出“对等锁”作为一致性维护方法。该文给出了系统的具体实现方法,并给出了实例。     

An expert system development tool for non AI experts

From their first applications until now, expert systems have provided solutions to multiple problems in companies of all types. With the advent of the Internet and its evolution, web-based expert systems have become very important. Moreover, the arrival of new mobile devices that can connect to the Internet has made it easy to access information from any place at any time, creating new requirements for web systems. The creation of an expert system normally requires certain technical knowledge and concepts of artificial intelligence (AI). If the need to make it accessible through the Internet is added, the degree of technical knowledge necessary for its development is greater, entailing an unaffordable cost for small and medium-sized companies. In this article, we present a tool for the development of web-based expert systems which permits the expert to define the knowledge without having to know anything about AI. The proposed inference engine is integrated in a web server through which it can be accessed from any device with an Internet connection. Finally, the article presents examples of developments achieved via the proposed framework.     

基于物联网技术的医疗设备供应链管理

医疗设备供应链管理是医院非诊疗流程管理中重要的环节。当前,我国企业的医疗设备供应链管理尚处于初级阶段,运作效率差,信息系统建设落后,管理水平低下。以条码技术、移动终端为主的物联网技术是医院供应链管理比较经济、可行的方案。文中探讨了医疗设备供应链管理中存在的问题,分析了物联网技术用于医疗设备供应链管理的可行性,构建了基于物联网的医疗设备供应链管理系统模型,介绍了其应用流程和实施步骤。     

基于NB-IOT的大田管理精准农业系统的设计与实现

针对传统规模化大田种植缺乏科学监测手段,农作物数据采集系统存在智能化程度不高、管理效率低下,难以实现对大田作物精准灌溉的问题,以及当前成熟商用的物联网通信技术存在低功耗与广覆盖难以两全的问题,开发出一个基于NB-IOT的大田管理精准农业系统,给出了系统的总体设计方案,详细阐释了系统的硬件与软件设计方法.该系统利用无线传...