铈盐引发卫生陶瓷直接凝固成形工艺的研究

采用凝胶注模成形方法，以丙烯酰胺为单体，硝酸铈铵为引发剂，研究了卫生陶瓷凝胶注模成形工艺，并探讨了不同工艺条件（单体加入量、引发剂加入量、减少剂加入量、坯体成形温度等因素）对料浆原位凝固成形脱模时间和坯体干燥强度的影响规律。     

反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅凝胶注模成形工艺的研究

以碳化硼颗粒为增强相,采用凝胶注模成形工艺制备反应烧结B_4C/SiC复合材料。通过对低粘度、高固相含量碳化硼、炭黑和碳化硅浆料的制备技术以及凝胶注模成形工艺参数的研究,制备出了结构均匀、致密度高的反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅复合陶瓷。并分析了碳化硼、炭黑和碳化硅料浆制备过程中不同碳化硅颗粒级配、碳化硼含量和碳化硼颗粒大小、球磨时间、料浆pH值、固相含量对料浆粘度的影响。     

基于凝胶注模成型的Si_3N_4/Si坯体制备及性能分析

凝胶注模成型制备高质量的Si_3N_4/Si坯体是得到良好性能Si_3N_4透波材料的前提和关键,实验确定了Si_3N_4/Si坯体的凝胶注模成型工艺和料浆配置参数;分析了分散剂对料浆流动性和稳定性的影响;对不同组分设计的Si_3N_4/Si凝胶坯体的表面形貌和性能进行了分析。结果表明:Si_3N_4/Si的组分设计对其坯体和烧结制品的质量具有重要影响,随着Si_3N_4含量的增加,所得坯体的密度和抗弯强度随之增加(最大12.01 MPa);1450℃(保温5 h)烧结工艺条件下,35wt.%Si_3N_4-5wt.%SA-Si制品的抗弯强度最大(130.2 MPa),80wt.%Si_3N_4-5wt.%SA-Si制品的介电常数最好(4.893)。     

氧化铝陶瓷凝胶注模成形工艺研究

本文以氧化铝陶瓷为例,研究探讨了凝胶注模成形工艺中制备低粘度、高固相含量浓悬浮体的关键技术;讨论分散剂等因素对粘度的影响;不同固相含量对坯体的强度的影响;以及不同固相含量坯体烧结后的SEM分析。     

熔石英陶瓷凝胶注模成型的凝胶固化过程及其影响因素

凝胶固化过程在凝胶注模成型工艺中是形成坯体和得到较高性能熔石英陶瓷的基础。本文通过对凝胶注模成型凝胶固化过程的研究,不仅从理论上讨论了料浆凝胶固化的反应机理,而且讨论了固化温度、固相体积含量以及引发剂含量对凝胶固化过程及所成坯体性能的影响。     

固含量对凝胶注模成型碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响

碳化硅陶瓷具有优良的性能,广泛应用于各个领域。凝胶注模成型是通过有机单体的聚合反应实现原位固化的成型方法。成型的坯体具有结构均匀、致密度高、强度大等特点。本文采用凝胶注模成型工艺和无压烧结制备了碳化硅陶瓷材料,研究了固含量对无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着固含量的增加,碳化硅料浆的粘度值逐渐增加,流动性变差,而制得的碳化硅陶瓷弯曲强度和断裂韧性随固含量的增加而增加。     

ZrO_2陶瓷坯体的凝胶注模工艺研究

为了能以凝胶注模成型技术制备出成品率较高且性能优良的ZrO_2发热元件,有必要研究凝胶注模工艺对ZrO_2陶瓷坯体性能的影响。因此,以d50=3. 221μm的Y_2O_3稳定ZrO_2粉(YSZ粉)为原料制备ZrO_2料浆,研究引发剂APS用量(体积分数分别是0. 5%、0. 7%和0. 9%)、催化剂TEMED用量(体积分数分别是0. 3%、0. 5%、0. 7%和0. 9%)和固化温度(分别是30、40、50和60℃)对料浆固化时间的影响,料浆固含量(体积分数分别为50%、51%、52%、53%和54%)对坯体干燥收缩率、体积密度和抗弯强度的影响,以及脱泡时间(分别为5、10、15和20 min)对坯体体积密度的影响,并从实际情况出发选择适宜的凝胶注模工艺。结果表明:随着料浆固含量的增大,坯体的干燥收缩率减小,体积密度增大,但抗弯强度却逐渐降低;通过控制引发剂APS用量为0. 7%(φ)、催化剂TEMED用量为0. 5%(φ)、固化温度为50℃、脱泡时间为15 min等工艺因素,在料浆固含量为54%(φ)时可以制备出体积密度为4. 01 g·cm-3、常温耐压强度为29. 2 MPa的氧化锆坯体。     

氧化锆陶瓷的凝胶注模成型研究

研究了氧化锆陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺中单体、引发剂、固相含量、固化温度对料浆的凝胶固化时间的影响及坯体在干燥、烧成中的影响因素.     

ZrB2-SiC复合材料凝胶注模成型初探

研究了ZrB2-SiC复合材料的凝胶注模成型技术。着重讨论了分散剂、pH值、固相体积含量、有机单体等对ZrB2-SiC复合材料料浆的影响;分析了凝胶注模成型后,排胶前复合材料素坯断面的显微结构以及相对应的烧结体的显微结构。结果表明:当分散剂用量为8.74‰(质量分数),pH为10.8,有机单体含量为3.1%时,可制得固相体积含量为40%,粘度为610mPa.s的ZrB2-SiC复合浆料,此时烧结体的断面主要以穿晶断裂为主;凝胶注模成型的坯体内部的有机聚合物网络因高温而完全分解,使素坯的气孔分布较均匀,利于烧结体致密度的提高。     

气孔率可控氧化铝多孔陶瓷制备工艺的研究

以PAA-NH4与阿拉伯树胶为分散剂,采用有机泡沫浸渍和凝胶注模工艺制备了不同气孔率的氧化铝陶瓷。探讨了工艺参数对坯体的干燥和烧结状况的影响,以及有机泡沫的压缩比对多孔陶瓷的气孔率的影响。结果表明,坯体干燥最佳的升温速率为0．5℃／min;坯体的排胶温度为200～600℃．此时升温速率为0．5℃／min。大于600℃时．升温速率为10℃／min左右;可以根据有机泡沫的压缩比例,设计多孔陶瓷的气孔率的大小。     

Aqueous Gelcasting of Fused Silica Using Colloidal Silica Binder

An aqueous‐based gelcasting of fused silica ceramics by using colloidal silica binder was developed. Fused silica slurries having different volume percentage of solid loading from 63 to 74 vol% in colloidal silica were made and the rheological properties were evaluated. It was found that the slurry with 73 vol% of solid loading with viscosity 0.70 Pa.s is suitable for this gelcasting system. The influence of solid loading on physical and mechanical properties of gelcast green and sintered bodies has been studied. The fabricated green body by using colloidal silica binder exhibited a flexural strength of 9 MPa and 88% of theoretical density with 2.2% of drying shrinkage while the sintered sample exhibited flexural strength of 60 MPa and 95% of theoretical density with 4.3% of sintering shrinkage. It was observed that, the nano silica particles from the colloidal silica binder is filling the interstitial positions in the consolidated fused silica green body and enhancing physical and mechanical properties.     

浅谈硅微粉在氧化铝泡沫陶瓷中的作用

本文简单阐述了硅微粉的分类、应用和性质,分析了硅微粉在氧化铝泡沫陶瓷中的作用及高温反应的结合机理,同时研究了硅微粉对氧化铝泡沫陶瓷浆料性能和制品性能的影响。经试验分析,适量的硅微粉可促进氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的烧结,提高制品的强度,而对氧化铝浆料无不良影响。     

低温素烧,高温釉烧炻质水晶釉面砖的研制

针对传统的高温素烧、低温釉烧(二次烧成)和釉面砖生产工艺在生产水晶釉面砖中存在的问题,在国内率先研究了低温素烧、高温釉烧工艺在炻质水晶釉面砖工业化生产中的应用,并获得预期的理想效果。     

Opportunities of porous ceramics fabricated by gelcasting in mitigating environmental issues

Porous ceramics fabricated by gelcasting bring many unique capabilities in mitigating environmental issues, particularly waste recycling and neutralization of hazardous emissions. Potential opportunities for using gelcasting technique in setting mechanically foamed slurry can be described by adaptable designing and modification of the foamed slurry characteristics with a goal of preserving the environment. In this paper, we describe three directions of porous shaping routes through gelcasting in an attempt to mitigate environmental issues. Firstly, the fabrication of porous ceramics with inclusion of non-through holes and double-layered porous structure was described as an effective means of reducing pressure drop during filtration. Secondly, the non-toxic gel-former has been successfully applied to the gelling of waste loaded foamed slurry under ambient condition. The process has great benefit not only for the fabrication of lightweight ceramics with multifunction purposes, but also for the development of endless recycling system. Lastly, the pyrolysis of gelcast dried porous ceramics under oxygen-free atmosphere has provided a promising material as a filter having a heating function for oxidation of hazardous emissions.     

Effect of Temperature on the Slurry Characteristics and Green Bodies of Alumina

The importance of temperature in colloidal processing was examined by investigating its effect on the characteristics of a ceramic slurry and on the subsequent processing before firing. An aqueous alumina slurry was used as a model system in the present study. The viscosity of the slurry was found to vary significantly with temperature, and the structure of the resultant green bodies made by centrifugation varied correspondingly. The importance of temperature in the production of ceramics is discussed in light of these results.     

复合添加剂对熔融石英陶瓷析晶的影响

以粒径≤0.10 mm的熔融石英粉为主要原料,分别添加相对于熔融石英粉质量1%、2%、3%的复合添加剂B4C-Yb2O3(B4C与Yb2O3的质量比为1:1)或Si3N4-Nd2O3(Si3N4与Nd2O3的质量比为1:1),以聚乙烯醇为结合剂,经搅拌、成型、干燥后,分别于1300、1350和1400℃埋炭(石墨)保温1 h热处理,然后在常温～1200℃对烧后试样进行热膨胀试验,并对其进行XRD分析,以研究复合添加剂B4C-Yb2O3和Si3N4-Nd2O3对熔融石英陶瓷在热处理过程中析晶的影响。结果表明:添加B4C-Yb2O3或Si3N4-Nd2O3对熔融石英热处理过程中的析晶均有不同程度的抑制作用,且B4C-Yb2O3抑制熔融石英析晶的效果比Si3N4-Nd2O3的更好,尤其是在较高的热处理温度下。     

高温条件下G级油井水泥原浆及加砂水泥的水化和硬化

利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了80～240℃温度范围内温度、硅砂对G级油井水泥水化硬化的影响,检测和分析了硬化体的水化产物、微观结构和强度,揭示了水化产物组成、微观结构及硬化体抗压强度的变化特点.结果表明:当养护温度超过110℃时,不添加硅砂的水泥原浆的主要水化产物由CSH(Ⅱ),C2SH2,C3S2H3转变为C2SH,硬化体微观结构由三维网络状结构转变为板快状或团块状结构,原浆水泥石抗压强度随温度升高而降低;在相对较高的温度条件下,添加硅砂的水泥主要水化产物则分别转变为C5S6H5,C6S6H(>150℃),C5S5A0.5H5.5,C3.2S2H0.8及其他类型的水化硅酸钙晶体,硬化体的微观结构相应地变为纤维网状、粗框架、短平行针状及团块状,在温度为100～150℃范围时,添加硅砂的水泥硬化体抗压强度随温度升高而增加,而在温度为150～240℃范围时.抗压强度随温度升高而降低.对于温度超过120℃的深井,合理的硅砂加量为30%～40%.     

废弃石英坩埚资源化制备方石英质瓷

以废弃石英坩埚、苏州土、长石和铝矾土等为原料制备方石英质瓷。采用XRD、SEM、热膨胀仪和材料试验机等测试方法,研究了配方组成和烧成温度对方石英质瓷的物相组成、微观形貌和机械性能影响规律。结果表明：当配料配方中废弃石英坩埚40％、苏州土40％、钾长石15％和铝矾土5％,在烧成温度1300℃、保温时间30 min条件下,可以获得机械性能较佳的方石英质瓷,其弯曲强度为76．45 MPa,热稳定性△T ≥180℃,热膨胀系数为7．16×10－6℃－1（ RT～600℃）。     

Application of gelcasting to the fabrication of piezoelectric ceramic parts

Gelcasting is a novel method for the molding of ceramic powder based on a synthesis of concepts derived from traditional ceramics and polymer chemistry. Although a wealth of literature has been published describing the application of the technology to the fabrication of structural ceramics, little has been reported about its application to the fabrication of functional ceramics. In order to extend the technology to the fabrication of piezoelectric ceramics in this article the colloidal chemistry of PZT powders in aqueous solution, the rheological behavior of the PZT suspension and the influence of dispersants on the rheology of the suspension and on the electrical properties of the gelcast PZT samples are investigated. Because the electrical properties of PZT are very sensitive to the chemical composition of the sample, unsuitable selected dispersants can result in the deterioration of the electric properties of the material although concentrated PZT slurry with low viscosity can be obtained by different dispersants.     

Preparation and properties of porous mullite-based ceramics fabricated by solid state reaction

In this study, the effect of the alumina particle size on the formation of mullite using a silica gel powder and micro- and nano-scale Al₂O₃ powders as raw materials was investigated. The optimized Al₂O₃ source was then reacted with the silica gel to prepare porous mullite-based ceramics. The results revealed that the highly reactive nano-Al₂O₃ powder could form mullite at a relatively low firing temperature. Therefore, the nano-Al₂O₃ powder was used to prepare porous mullite-based ceramics by firing at 1600 °C, 1650 °C and 1700 °C. The pore size of the prepared porous mullite-based ceramics ranges from tens to hundreds of micrometres, with the apparent porosity being 42.8–58.0%. Further, the mullite content in the samples increased with increasing firing temperature, and a higher firing temperature promoted sintering, resulting in improved strength of the sample. After calcination at 1700 °C, the mullite content in the sample reached 81.8%, and the sample showed excellent thermal shock resistance. The strengths of the samples before and after thermal shock were found to be 23.6 and 15.58 MPa, with the residual strength ratio being 66%.