快餐煎炸对油脂中3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD)以及缩水甘油(GEs)的影响

以起酥油作为煎炸用油,模拟西式快餐模式最典型的食品(薯条与鸡翅)进行煎炸,探究在煎炸过程中3-氯丙醇(3-MCPD)酯及缩水甘油酯(GEs)的变化规律,并对市售产品进行分析。结果表明：在薯条煎炸体系中：油脂3-MCPD前期急速下降,降解至一定量后趋于稳定,GEs含量呈现持续下降的变化规律;在鸡翅煎炸体系中：油脂3-MCPD与GEs含量都呈现出前期急速下降后期缓慢下降的特点。通过相关性分析得到油脂品质极性物质(Total polar compounds, TPC)、AV(Acid value, AV)与3-MCPD、GEs之间呈现出显著负相关的关系。后期收集市售起酥油产品及煎炸食品分析脂肪酸组成发现市面上的西式快餐门店以起酥油煎炸为主。同时对60个不同批次的鸡翅薯条样品中提取的油脂进行分析,3-MCPD在0.5～1.5 mg/kg的范围内呈正态分布,分布的顶峰位于0.75～1.0 mg/kg范围内;而GEs在0.1～2.5 mg/kg的范围内呈偏正态分布,分布的顶峰位于0.25～0.75 mg/kg范围内。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定含油脂食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)同时检测含油脂食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters, PAEs)残留量的分析方法。方法 样品用正己烷饱和的乙腈涡旋提取, 通过QuEChERS方法净化。样品在2500 r/min下涡旋2 min, 4000 r/min离心3 min后, 吸取乙腈层至已添加25 mg石墨化碳黑(graphitized carbon black, GCB)和100 mg乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(primary secondary amine, PSA)的净化管中进行净化。采用GC-MS检测, 外标法定量。结果 16种PAEs在0.02~2.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.9991。方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.10~0.30 mg/kg和0.33~1.00 mg/kg。在0.2、0.5和2.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.2%~97.3%, 相对标准偏差不超过7.33%(n=6)。对40份市售不同种类的含油脂食品进行检测, 总体阳性检出率为17.5%。结论 本方法简便、高效且准确可靠, 适用于不同种类含油脂食品中16种PAEs的检测。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定食用油脂中3-氯丙醇酯

目的建立固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定食品中18种3-氯丙醇酯的方法,并对部分市售含油脂食品中氯丙醇酯的含量进行调查。方法样品用叔丁基甲醚-乙酸乙酯(8∶2,V/V)超声提取;经Sep-Pak Silica硅胶萃取小柱、OASIS HLB固相萃取小柱(预先用甲醇活化)二次净化,以Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7μm)分离,以多反应监测模式(MRM)进行监测,内标法定量。结果18种氯丙醇酯在1.0~200.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r为0.999 1~0.999 8)。食用油在0.10、1.0和10.0 mg/kg3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为80.2%~98.5%,RSD8.1%。食用油中18种氯丙醇酯的检出限在1.17~30.1μg/kg之间,92.0%(46/50)的食用油中检出多种3-氯丙醇酯,含量分别在7.55~5 360μg/kg之间;75.0%(9/12)的含油脂食品中检出多种3-氯丙醇酯,含量在6.62~1 569.8μg/kg之间。结论建立的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱联用法同时测定食品中18种3-氯丙醇酯的方法快速简单、准确有效,可以满足各种食用油和含油脂食品中3-氯丙醇酯的检测要求。     

气质联用法测定市售白酒中18种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量

为了进一步了解市售白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的污染水平,本文随机抽检了市售的33件白酒样品,采用气质联用法(GC-MS)检测了常见的18种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DPP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)均有不同程度的检出,其检出率分别为30.3%、18.2%、84.8%和45.4%。DBP的检出含量分布在1.00～5.60 mg/kg之间,DEHP的含量在2 mg/kg左右。本方法中DINP的检出限为9.0 mg/kg,其余17种塑化剂的检出限为0.5 mg/kg,方法的加标回收率为85.6%～110%。因此,市场上在售的白酒中仍然存在塑化剂的污染风险,可能原因是由于其在生产或储存过程中迁移到白酒中。本研究可为食品中有害因子的风险监测提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中18种食品添加剂

建立高效液相色谱同时测定食品中18种食品添加剂的高通量分析方法。对于不含油脂或油脂含量低的样品采用含抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的正己烷饱和乙腈-6mol/L HCl溶液-饱和氯化钠混合溶液一次提取净化,对于油脂样品采用含抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的正己烷饱和乙腈-乙腈饱和正己烷液液萃取。采用Ecosil C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),乙腈-0.6%乙酸溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,用紫外检测器检测,检测波长280nm,外标法峰面积定量。18种食品添加剂在1.0～25mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.99,样品在10、25mg/kg和50mg/kg三个添加水平的平均回收率为88.9%～99.9%之间,相对标准偏差为2.43%～11.7%(n=6),方法的定量限为10mg/kg。方法简便、准确,适用于食品中18种食品添加剂高通量的检测。     

28份国产特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量及其变化规律北大核心CSCD

为了对我国油橄榄产业提供基础数据支持,采用国际油橄榄理事会推荐的HPLC法检测特级初榨橄榄油中的多酚含量,分析了我国不同产地的28份市售食用特级初榨橄榄油样品的多酚含量,并对不同生产年度和不同产地单果级特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:市售国产特级初榨橄榄油中均含有较为丰富的多酚类化合物,多酚含量范围为(63.885±2.345)mg/kg~(307.325±6.865)mg/kg;特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量受贮存时间的影响较大,同时不同产地中适合生产高多酚含量特级初榨橄榄油的品种具有差异。不同特级初榨橄榄油样品之间多酚含量波动较大,需要通过多种方法来防止油脂中多酚类化合物的降解,以保证油品的质量,并因地制宜对油橄榄品种进行优化筛选。     

不同食用油的甘油酯组成、3-MCPD酯和GEs含量研究

采集成品食用植物油样品53个,对其甘油酯组成、3-氯丙醇酯（3-MCPD酯）和缩水甘油酯（GEs）含量进行检测,分析食用植物油产品的甘油酯组成与3-MCPD酯、GEs含量相关性。结果表明：所检油样中甘三酯含量为81.26%～99.11%,甘二酯含量为0.79%～13.94%,甘一酯含量为ND～4.84%,甘三酯含量不足95%的样品数占52.8%,不同品种油脂及同品种不同油脂样品的甘油酯组成均呈现较大差异;3-MCPD酯检出率为86.79%,含量为0.19～14.68 mg/kg;GEs检出率为100%,含量为0.16～19.20 mg/kg;对照欧盟限量指标,GEs含量小于等于1 mg/kg的样品占20.75%,3-MCPD酯含量小于等于1.25 mg/kg的样品占64.15%;棕榈油和稻米油中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量远高于其他油脂品种,这两种油脂中甘二酯和甘一酯含量也最高;大豆油中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量较低,甘二酯和甘一酯含量也较低;其他油脂中3-MCPD酯和GEs含量与甘二酯和甘一酯含量之间并未显示出明确的相关性。     

原子荧光法测定食品中总砷的3种前处理法比较

目的建立准确、可靠、稳定的测定食品中总砷的分析方法。方法利用湿消解法、微波消解法、干灰化法分别处理食品样品,用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中总砷的含量。结果鱼粉、紫菜(GBW 10023-GSB-14)、大米(GBW 10010)、鸡肉(GBW 10018)干灰化法测定总砷的结果为3.18±0.052、27.01±0.063、0.104±0.002、0.115±0.004 mg/kg均在参考值范围,加标回收率为93.7%~98.5%,RSD≤2.31%;湿消解法测定结果为3.12±0.041、26.93±0.072、0.103±0.003、0.112±0.003 mg/kg均在参考值范围,加标回收率为89.2%~97.5%,RSD≤1.92%;微波消解法处理鱼粉和紫菜的测定结果为1.74±0.032、15.40±0.096 mg/kg不足参考值的60%,但大米、鸡肉的测定值为0.102±0.001、0.114±0.005 mg/kg在参考值范围,加标回收率为96.3%~97.5%,RSD≤2.51%。湿消解法具有灵活调节消解温度,消解酸种类、用量和消解时间等优点,可适用于大部分食品样品的前处理;微波消解法耗费时间短,但用酸量大,适用于砷存在形态相对简单的样品;干灰化法耗费时间较长,适用于挥发温度高、油脂含量高、砷存在形态比较复杂的样品。结论湿消解法、干灰化法适用于大部分食品样品的前处理,微波消解法使用有局限性,仅适应于砷存在形态相对简单的样品。     

氧化除杂-气相色谱/质谱联用测定食品中的石蜡

本文建立了氧化除杂-气相色谱/质谱联用测定食品中石蜡的检测方法。样品加入环己烷超声浸提2次,离心收集浸提液,加入复配氧化试剂(三氧化铬:浓硫酸:水=1:1:2)氧化除杂,过硅胶小柱净化,气相色谱-质谱联用检测。结果表明:富含油脂的火锅底料样品方法线性范围40~800 mg/kg,相关系数0.9991,最低检测限8 mg/kg;油脂含量低的干香菇、粉条样品方法线性范围10~400mg/kg,相关系数0.9995,最低检测限3.5 mg/kg,加标实验方法平均回收率在90~117%,相对标准偏差在2.7~6.4%。该方法反应温和,未引入干扰检测的副产物,操作简便,通用性强,适用于富含油脂的火锅底料以及油脂含量较低的干香菇、粉条、大米、瓜子等食品。     

漆树籽油脂肪酸组成及其油脂伴随物分析

本研究对陕西秦巴山区漆树籽油脂肪酸组成、植物甾醇、维生素E及多酚类化合物等油脂伴随物成分进行了系统分析,比较了精炼过程中脱色工艺对漆树籽油成分的影响。结果表明：漆树籽油是一种高亚油酸植物油,达62.8%。油脂伴随物中,检测出8种植物甾醇,β-谷甾醇含量最高,脱色前为(343 8.67±35.56) mg/kg,脱色后为(250 6.46±28.96) mg/kg,损失率为27%,此外,检测出漆树籽油中特有的β-扶桑甾醇,柠檬二烯醇;检测出3种生育酚和1种生育三烯酚,生育酚(维生素E)总量为(645.06±16.12) mg/kg,其中δ-生育酚含量为(435.12±10.94) mg/kg,γ-生育酚含量为(202.89±4.72) mg/kg,还有少量的δ-生育三烯酚和β-生育酚,分别为(2.16±0.34) mg/kg、(4.89±0.12) mg/kg。经过脱色工艺后维生素E总量降到(241.80±21.20) mg/kg,δ-生育酚含量降到(190.61±16.60) mg/kg,γ-生育酚降到(47.25±4.29) mg/kg,维生素E总损失率为62.5%。漆树籽油中总酚含...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press