等离子束熔覆铁基合金涂层的组织与性能研究

利用等离子熔覆技术,在钢基体表面熔覆了一层铁基合金,获得了与基体呈冶金结合的、性能良好的涂层;采用金相显微镜对熔覆层的组织进行观察,发现熔覆层整体组织由柱状树枝晶向等轴晶转变,无气孔、夹杂,其中枝晶组织粗大,等轴晶组织细小;利用显微硬度计分析表明,熔覆层具有较高的硬度,并且由表面到基体呈梯度分布;磨损试验结果表明熔覆层的耐磨性是淬火45钢的2.56倍.     

等离子熔覆Ni—Cr合金涂层的组织与性能研究

采用等离子熔覆技术在40Cr钢基材表面熔覆Ni-Cr合金涂层,研究了熔覆层的组织特征、成分和显微硬度分布特点.结果表明:等离子熔覆层与基体的结合面是由等轴晶构成的,熔覆层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合状态;熔覆层中部分布着沿逆热流方向生长的排列较规则的枝晶组织;熔覆层表层是细小的枝晶组织.能谱分析表明在结合面处Ni,Cr含量发生显著变化,等离子熔覆可以实现低稀释率.熔覆层的显微硬度呈梯度过渡到基体,熔覆层外层硬度值最高,在结合面附近硬度出现显著的变化.     

等离子钴基熔覆层的组织和性能研究

等离子熔覆技术是采用等离子束为热源,在金属表面获得优异的耐磨、耐蚀、耐冲击等性能的新型材料表面改性技术。本工作对低碳马氏体钢表面进行等离子熔覆处理,研究钴基合金熔覆层的显微硬度、金相组织。研究结果表明:钴基合金熔覆层的硬度达942HV。熔覆层组织主要由树枝晶和孢状晶粒组成,熔覆层与基体界面结合良好,无裂纹。     

硅钢表面激光熔覆高硅涂层对性能的影响

用Nd:YAG脉冲激光在低硅钢表面制备激光熔覆高硅涂层,研究了激光熔覆高硅涂层样品的组织和磁性能.结果表明,制备出的激光熔覆高硅涂层组织致密、无气孔和裂纹,且与基体有良好的冶金结合.经激光熔覆后硅钢表面存在熔覆区、界面结合区和热影响区.熔覆区的显微组织不均匀,随着与结合界面距离的增加,由柱状晶变为树枝晶,最终过渡到表层的细小树枝晶组织.熔覆层与基体之间的结合界面为平面晶组织,热影响区为马氏体组织.熔覆涂层的显微硬度远高于低硅钢基体,其主要原因是涂层具有较高的Si含量,涂层中的α-Fe和γ-Fe双相组织也导致了硬度的提高.激光熔覆高硅涂层硅钢样品经扩散退火后具有室温铁磁性,Si含量的提高使其室温直流磁性能优于原始低硅钢.     

基于添加铜过渡层的钛钢异种金属真空扩散焊研究

研究了添加铜箔过渡层进行扩散焊接的纯钛TA2和14MnMoVN钢焊接接头的组织和性能。采用OM、扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析对扩散焊接界面的微观组织、元素扩散和组织结构进行分析观察,通过拉伸试验对接头力学性能进行测试。结果表明:通过添加铜过渡层进行扩散焊接可以获得有效连接的钛/钢异种金属复合接头。结合良好的界面可以划分为接头元素扩散过渡区和铜钛结合区。其中钛向铜扩散,少量铁向铜扩散,这是三种元素的综合扩散过渡区。铜钛结合区是铜向钛扩散的区域,主要产生大量的铜钛金属间化合物。接头拉伸强度可以达到299 MPa,断裂位置位于铜钢结合区。     

钛-钢爆炸复合板熔焊对接过渡层焊接材料

通过设计TA1-X80爆炸复合板熔焊连接过渡层焊接材料及焊接工艺,结合复合板对接实验及接头组织、成分及性能测试实验,研究钛-钢复合板熔焊对接的过渡层焊接材料及工艺。结果表明:开Y型坡口并采用近钛层+近钢层双层过渡,且近钛层采用Ti-Ni-Al合金系、近钢层采用Ni-Cr-Fe合金系,可实现钛-钢复合板的冶金对接。焊缝组织由钛层粗大等轴晶逐渐转变为过渡层细小等轴晶或树枝晶,并与钢层组织相互交织连接;所得接头抗拉强度及屈服强度分别为501.1,373.0MPa,均达到了复合板接头等强匹配效果,塑/韧性稍有不足,需通过减小过渡层厚度、调整焊材中细化晶粒元素等改善焊缝塑/韧性。     

不锈钢与渗碳钢惯性摩擦焊接头的组织与性能

目的 研究0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢与20CrMnMo渗碳钢的惯性摩擦焊焊接接头的组织与力学性能。方法 通过金相、能谱分析、显微硬度、拉伸试验对焊接接头进行组织与力学性能分析。结果 焊接试样上0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢一侧飞边尺寸比20CrMnMo渗碳钢一侧飞边小;焊接接头熔合区仅为50 μm,熔合线附近元素扩散层很窄,其中0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢仍为奥氏体组织,20CrMnMo钢组织由铁素体与珠光体转变为马氏体与索氏体,20CrMnMo一侧热力影响区组织为细小的片状珠光体与铁素体;焊缝区的显微硬度为358HV,高于2种母材;焊接接头抗拉强度大于590 MPa,断后伸长率大于32%,断裂位置均在0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢母材一侧。结论 采用惯性摩擦焊工艺可实现不锈钢与渗碳钢的高强连接。     

激光熔覆Fe60Nb20Ti20非晶合金粉末及组织性能研究

采用激光熔覆工艺在45钢表面对Fe60Nb20Ti20非晶合金粉末进行不同工艺参数熔覆试验,获得无裂纹且呈冶金结合的涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的微观形貌、组成相、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行分析。结果表明,涂层组织为细小的α-Fe过饱和固溶体等轴晶和少量的非晶相。涂层平均硬度为857HV,为基体材料的4倍,耐磨性也明显优于基体材料。     

脉冲宽度对激光熔覆FeSiB涂层组织与硬度的影响

以FeSiB非晶带材为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆在低碳钢表面制备高致密度涂层,利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度仪等研究不同脉冲宽度对激光熔覆涂层成形、组织特征及硬度的影响。结果表明:随脉冲宽度增大,涂层稀释率升高;裂纹倾向增加,裂纹源萌生由表面到界面处;晶化程度升高,结晶相为α-Fe,Fe_2B和Fe_3Si;熔合区宽度增大,柱状晶沿外延生长趋势更大;显微硬度先增加后减小。当脉冲宽度为3.2ms时,涂层结构致密,无孔洞缺陷,界面呈良好的冶金结合,稀释率低,为23.2%,涂层平均显微硬度达1192HV,约为基材的10倍。     

等离子熔覆法制备AlxCoCrFeNi高熵合金微观组织与性能研究

利用等离子熔覆法在Q235基体上制备了Al_xCoCrFeNi(x=1、1.5,x为摩尔分数)高熵合金,对熔覆层的化学成分、相结构、微观组织和显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明:熔覆态高熵合金具有简单的固溶体结构,微观组织为树枝晶,Al含量从x=1增加到x=1.5时,物相组成由FCC+BCC两相转变为单一的BCC相;当x=1.5时,枝晶间有纳米级颗粒析出;Al_(1.5)CoCrFeNi熔覆层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合,界面附近的热影响区由于珠光体脱碳分解而形成了约为80μm宽的铁素体带;随着Al含量的增加,熔覆层的显微硬度从x=1时的478HV增加到x=1.5时的530HV。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to