新颖度--关联规则的评价指标

提出了度量所发现的规则的新颖性的指标——新颖度,给出了它的构造方法和具体的算法实现,并通过实例进行了说明。     

Assessment by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry of the Effects of Preanalytical Variables on Serum Peptidome Profiles Following Long‐Term Sample Storage

Purpose

Human serum and plasma are often used as clinical specimens in proteomics analyses, and peptidome profiling of human serum is a promising tool for identifying novel disease‐associated biomarkers. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is widely used for peptidomic biomarker discovery. Careful sample collection and handling are required as either can have a profound impact on serum peptidome patterns, yet the effects of preanalytical variables on serum peptidome profiles have not been completely elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of preanalytical variables, including storage temperature, duration (up to 12 months), and thawing methods, on MALDI‐TOF MS‐based serum peptidome patterns.

Experimental design

Aliquots of serum samples were pretreated with weak cation exchanger magnetic beads using an automated ClinProtRobot system and then analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS.

Results

A number of significant differences in peak intensities were observed depending on sample processing variables.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

These peaks can be used as sample quality markers to assess the effects of long‐term storage on serum peptidome profiles using MALDI‐TOF MS.

     

散射对激光水下图像传输影响的理论分析

激光水下成像技术在国内外已经取得较为完善的成果，目前主要采用距离选通和同步扫描两种方法。我国近海沿岸水质比较浑浊．散射现象严重。本文在研究了激光在水下的传输特性的基础上，结合散射光的分布特性，分析了在激光水下成像技术中．散射效应对传输目标图像精度的影响，以便能够在浑水中实现宽视角、全景深、图像清晰度高等技术指标。     

Imaging the World: The State of Online Mapping

Wherever computers are commonplace, free online mapping systems such as MapQuest and Yahoo! Maps are among the Web's most popular reference sites. Consumer sites such as these compete to improve their interfaces and data relevance to better appeal to the browsing public. But innovation in online mapping isn't limited to these household names. Three trends dominate online mapping today: 1) the bringing together of more data sources, whether from public-domain sources, community input, or extrapolation from multiple, diverse sources. 2) Increasing the resolution and timeliness of those sources, particularly those relating to site photography. 3) Combining those sources in useful and easy-to-navigate ways. Recent pushes in these areas have opened up interesting new opportunities for computer graphics professionals. For example, Google's SketchUp program provides a direct way to create 3D models of real-world objects for placement in Google Earth. Such models could be marketable to companies seeking to catalog, manage, and develop their real-estate holdings. At the same time, other geographic data take on greater value, as they can now be placed in a larger context within online mapping systems and promoted via the shared world of online map sites     

PC104嵌入式系统在初始解吸瓦斯测量系统中的应用

为了测量初始解吸的瓦斯量,设计了基于PC104嵌入式系统的测量系统。文章重点阐述了初始解吸瓦斯测量系统的软、硬件构成。实验证明:该系统具有稳定性好、可靠性高和维护方便等特点,可用于探索煤样中初始解吸瓦斯的规律、方法和技术。     

Abductive Diagnosis Using Time‐Objects: Criteria for the Evaluation of Solutions

Diagnostic problem solving aims to account for, or explain, a malfunction of a system (human or other). Any plausible potential diagnostic solution must satisfy some minimum criteria relevant to the application. Often there will be several plausible solutions, and further criteria will be required to select the “best” explanation. Expert diagnosticians may employ different, complex criteria at different stages of their reasoning. These criteria may be combinations of some more primitive criteria, which therefore should be represented separately and explicitly to permit their flexible and transparent combined usage. In diagnostic reasoning there is a tight coupling between the formation of potential solutions and their evaluation. This is the essence of abductive reasoning. This article presents an abductive framework for diagnostic problem solving. Time‐objects, an association of a property and an existence, are used as the representation formalism and a number of primitive, general evaluation criteria into which time has been integrated are defined. Each criterion provides an intuitive yardstick for evaluating the space of potential solutions. The criteria can be combined as appropriate for particular applications to define plausible and best explanations. The central principle is that when time is diagnostically significant, it should be modeled explicitly to enable a more accurate formulation and evaluation of diagnostic solutions. The integration of time and primitive evaluation criteria is illustrated through the Skeletal Dysplasias Diagnostician (SDD) system, a diagnostic expert system for a real‐life medical domain. SDD's notions of plausible and best explanation are reviewed so as to show the difficulties in formalizing such notions. Although we illustrate our work by medical problems, it has been motivated by consideration of problems in a number of other domains (fermentation monitoring, air and ground traffic control, power distribution) and is intended to be of wide applicability.     

C/C 中宏的编制和使用

目前 ,C和C 语言得到了广泛的运用。宏的编制和使用属于其中的高级编程主题。本文结合作者的编程体会 ,论述了宏的编制和使用的具体方法。     

部分求值技术用于复杂系统仿真建模

该文对复杂系统仿真技术进行了理论分析 ,提出了利用部分求值技术在复杂系统仿真建模的方法 ,并给出了部分求值的理论证明 ,对复杂系统仿真给予理论上的支持。     

遥感技术在华北平原地下水资源潜力调查评估中的试点应用

在地下水资源日趋缺乏的太行山前河北平原,采用遥感技术开展地下水资源调查评价.在充分利用卫星遥感（ETM＋）图像数据反映地下水资源相关信息灵敏的基础上,综合其他常规资料,准确的圈定出山前冲洪积扇的范围,划分出它们的形成期次和扇体结构.明晰了不同河流扇体之间和同一河流不同期次扇体之间的空间交叠关系,恢复了主要河流的水流系统.详细解译出其他如古河道、地下水浅埋区、地下水溢出区、决口扇、消亡湖泊及其古三角洲等水文地质要素.在此基础上,推测出具有开采潜力的地下水富水区6处.在对其中的两处进一步开展详细的水文地质勘察后,被有关部门确认为极具开采潜力,可做为大型城市供水水源地.     

CO2激光相干成像雷达在巡航导弹导航及战术弹道导弹末制导中的应用

论述了CO2激光相干成像雷达发展历程及工作原理,讨论了该雷达系统在巡航导弹导航以及战术弹道导弹末制导中的应用.     

8088/8086汇编语言中宏的编制和使用

介绍8088／8086汇编语言中宏的编制和使用方法以及宏与子程序的区别。     

Evaluation of MODIS Snow Products in Southwestern Xinjiang Using the Google Earth Engine

Google Earth Engine(GEE) is a cloud\|based geospatial processing platform that can analyze geospatial data to achieve parallel processing of massive remote sensing data on a global scale,providing support for remote sensing big data and large\|area research.MODIS snow cover mapping is a global snow cover product established using MODIS data and has been widely used in regional and global climate and environmental monitoring.In the GEE,millions of remote sensing images are stored,including MODIS daily snow products MOD10A1 V5 data and Landsat data.Taking the three research areas in southwestern Xinjiang as examples,the Landsat stored by the GEE were selected,and the NDSI was used to extract the snow cover as the true value of the land cover to evaluate the MOD10A1 accuracy.The results show that the average overall accuracy of MOD10A1 in the snow cover season in southwestern Xinjiang during the period from 2000 to 2016 is 82%,the average misjudgment rate is 2.9%,and the average missed rate is 58.8%.The overall accuracy of MOD10A1 can reach 98% under the clear sky conditions.The accuracy of MOD10A1 is effected by the terrain conditions and cloud cover in different regions.Therefore,the GEE can quickly and effectively filter high quality cloudless Landsat images,and evaluate the accuracy of the MOD10A1 in the snow area around the global regions,displaying intuitively the misjudgment and missed areas in the form of online maps.Meanwhile,GEE provides the Landsat simple cloud score function to calculate the regional cloud cover,which makes the influence of cloud cover on the MOD10A1 accuracy assessment more regionally representative.     

分层均衡器在探地雷达成像中的设计研究

探地雷达回波因为地下介质的损耗造成其随着深度的增加而衰减增大,导致对深埋目标探测更加困难,分辨率因此而降低。文章针对该问题提出了一种分层均衡器设计的方法。该方法采用多测线平均得到回波的平均值,并根据回波次数进行分段,计算各段的极大值与极小值的差值。将其中一次回波的最大差值与其它回波差值的比值作为各段的均衡放大因子矢量,再将测线组的各段与对应放大因子相乘,从而得到回波分层均衡放大后的结果。通过实测数据对该方法进行了实验和分析,实验结果表明该方法是解决深层目标检测和提高信噪比的一种有效方法。     

Nd:YAG/KTP激光器数字控温系统的设计与实现

对于温度匹配KTP晶体的Nd:YAG/KTP倍频激光器,需精确控制KTP晶体温度,使其达到最佳工作条件。传统的模拟控温系统只实现了单向加热控温,此数字控温系统是一闭环反馈控制系统,利用软件编程进行数字增量型PID运算,根据运算结果,转变成双极性电压,输给半导体制冷块,从而达到双向控制晶体温度的目的。在实际应用中,温度在60℃～75℃范围内,控温精度在±0.8℃,满足实验要求。     

Evaluation of a DSGE Model of Energy in the United Kingdom Using Stationary Data

I examine the impact of energy price shock (oil prices shock and gas prices shock) on the economic activities in the United Kingdom using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with a New Keynesian Philips Curve. I decomposed the changes in output caused by all of the stationary structural shocks. I found that the fall in output during the financial crisis period is driven by domestic demand shock, energy prices shock and world demand shock. I found the energy prices shock’s contribution to fall in output is temporary. Such that, the UK can borrow against such a temporary fall. This estimated model can create additional input to the policymaker’s choice of models.     

竹在景观设计中的应用

概括介绍了竹子在园林设计中的观赏和生态价值,并对竹子在园林设计中的作用及主要应用方式作了详细说明。     

基于多模态成像技术监测基因修饰支架中血管生成及修复临界性骨缺损的研究

基因修饰促血管化的支架是促进骨再生的有效方法之一,它可以将目的基因转移到内源性细 胞中实现生长因子原位、持续表达,诱导内源性细胞的增殖、迁移和分化,从而促进骨组织再生。该 文以慢病毒介导基因修饰多孔 PLGA/nHAp 复合支架诱导血管生成为研究对象,采用静电吸附和低温冷冻方法制备基因修饰多孔 PLGA/nHAp 复合支架;以小鼠顶骨临界性骨缺损为模型,利用多模态双光子及光声显微成像技术在体、实时、连续监测,研究骨修复过程中基因修饰多孔支架诱导血管化的动态过程。体外实验结果显示,慢病毒颗粒从支架上的持续释放长达 5 天,缓释出的病毒颗粒可以有效转染 293T 细胞并表达 PDGF-BB 因子。体内实验结果表明,慢病毒介导基因修饰多孔 PLGA/nHAp 复合支架,可以实现 PDGF-BB 因子原位表达,促进体内局部及系统性干细胞等细胞迁移,加快血管诱导生成并提高骨缺损部位骨组织的再生能力。同时,在该研究中,成功使用并比较了多模态双光子及光 声显微成像技术在体、实时、连续监测 3D 骨组织支架内血管形成的动态变化过程,并验证了基因修饰对于提高 3D 打印支架的生物学反应性的作用。该研究为研究不同支架对血管生成作用的监测与鉴定提供了新的技术手段。