Enhanced Machinability of Silicon Carbide via Microstructural Design

The machinability of a heterogeneous silicon carbide with weak interphase boundaries, elongated grains, and high internal stresses is evaluated relative to a homogeneous control material with a well-bonded, equiaxed, and unstressed grain structure. Drilling and grinding rates for the silicon carbide are substantially enhanced by the microstructural heterogeneity—the weak boundaries enable easy grain-scale dislodgement in place of the more conventional macrofracture chipping mode of removal. At the same time, the residual machining damage in the machined surfaces is significantly less strength degrading in the heterogeneous material. Implications concerning the microstructural design of flaw-tolerant ceramics for enhanced machinability are considered.     

9.00R20 16PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍9.00R20 16PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计：外直径1036mm,断面宽256mm,行驶面宽度196mm,行驶面弧度高7.0mm,胎圈着合直径509mm,胎圈着合宽度178mm,断面水平轴位置（H1/H2）1.027,花纹深度20.5mm,花纹周节数32,花纹饱和度69.1%,采用大花纹块加纵向花纹沟混合花纹设计。施工设计：胎体采用3×0.24/9×0.225＋0.15HT钢丝帘线,带束层采用2层2＋7×0.34HT钢丝帘线、1层3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线和1层3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线;采用三鼓一次法成型机成型,定型硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能均符合相应设计和国家标准要求,速度性能和胎圈耐久性能符合企业标准要求。     

9.00R20 16PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍9.00R20 16PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计：外直径 1 036 mm,断面宽 256 mm,行驶面宽度 196 mm,行驶面弧度高 7.0 mm,胎圈着合直径 509 mm,胎圈着合宽度 178 mm,断面水平轴位置（H₁/H₂） 1.027,花纹深度 20.5 mm,花纹周节数 32,花纹饱和度 69.1%,采用大花纹块加纵向花纹沟混合花纹设计。施工设计：胎体采用3×0.24/9×0.225+0.15HT钢丝帘线,带束层采用2层2+7×0.34HT钢丝帘线、1层3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线和1层3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线;采用三鼓一次法成型机成型,定型硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能均符合相应设计和国家标准要求,速度性能和胎圈耐久性能符合企业标准要求。     

Design Principles of Hybrid Nanomaterials for Radiotherapy Enhanced by Photodynamic Therapy

Radiation (RT) remains the most frequently used treatment against cancer. The main limitation of RT is its lack of specificity for cancer tissues and the limited maximum radiation dose that can be safely delivered without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. A step forward in the development of better RT is achieved by coupling it with other treatments, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is an anti-cancer therapy that relies on the light activation of non-toxic molecules—called photosensitizers—to generate ROS such as singlet oxygen. By conjugating photosensitizers to dense nanoscintillators in hybrid architectures, the PDT could be activated during RT, leading to cell death through an additional pathway with respect to the one activated by RT alone. Therefore, combining RT and PDT can lead to a synergistic enhancement of the overall efficacy of RT. However, the involvement of hybrids in combination with ionizing radiation is not trivial: the comprehension of the relationship among RT, scintillation emission of the nanoscintillator, and therapeutic effects of the locally excited photosensitizers is desirable to optimize the design of the hybrid nanoparticles for improved effects in radio-oncology. Here, we discuss the working principles of the PDT-activated RT methods, pointing out the guidelines for the development of effective coadjutants to be tested in clinics.     

Enhanced CO2 Methanation by New Microstructured Reactor Concept and Design

A novel multichannel minireactor with channel internal diameter in the range of millimeters has been conceptually designed and constructed. Its configuration confers to the new concept reactor some features and advantages compared to conventional fixed-bed reactors g.e. better mass-transfer, avoid hot-spots formation, increased performance (10–20%). Consequently, this new reactor concept is ideal to be applied to exothermic reactions such as the Sabatier reaction that demands continuous removal of the heat produced to avoid hot-spot formation and the sintering of the catalyst. Thanks to its configuration, this reactor could control effectively the heat generated by the reaction and several tests were carried out to validate the reactor features. The results obtained demonstrate that the catalysts activity in the reaction is improved with the application of the novel reactor respect the conventional fixed- and fluidized-bed ones and neither catalyst sintering, nor pressure drop was appreciated during the catalytic tests. At the best reaction conditions, Tecnalia’s multichannel minireactor can handle 820 Nm³/h of CO₂ per square meter of channel section showing the enormous potential of the new reactor concept.

     

7.50R16 14PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍7. 50R16 14PR增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径805 mm,断面宽216 mm,行驶面宽度166 mm,行驶面弧度高4 mm,胎圈着合直径403 mm,胎圈着合宽度165 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)1. 051,胎面采用以3条纵向花纹折沟设计为主的变节距花纹,花纹深度12mm,花纹饱和度74. 17%,花纹周节数48。施工设计:胎面采用冠部胶和缓冲胶片设计,带束层采用3+0°带束层设计,1~#和2~#带束层采用3×0. 20+6×0. 35HT钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用5×0. 30HI钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0. 20HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用3×0. 24/9×0. 225CCST钢丝帘线;采用一次法胶囊成型机成型,热板式硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,轮胎充气外缘尺寸、强度性能、耐久性能和高速性能满足相关国家标准或企业标准要求。     

Design of Gelatin-Capped Plasmonic-Diatomite Nanoparticles with Enhanced Galunisertib Loading Capacity for Drug Delivery Applications

Inorganic diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) have gained increasing interest as drug delivery systems due to their porous structure, long half-life, thermal and chemical stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide DNPs with intriguing optical features that can be engineered and optimized for sensing and drug delivery applications. In this work, we combine DNPs with gelatin stabilized AuNPs for the development of an optical platform for Galunisertib delivery. To improve the DNP loading capacity, the hybrid platform is capped with gelatin shells of increasing thicknesses. Here, for the first time, full optical modeling of the hybrid system is proposed to monitor both the gelatin generation, degradation, and consequent Galunisertib release by simple spectroscopic measurements. Indeed, the shell thickness is optically estimated as a function of the polymer concentration by exploiting the localized surface plasmon resonance shifts of AuNPs. We simultaneously prove the enhancement of the drug loading capacity of DNPs and that the theoretical modeling represents an efficient predictive tool to design polymer-coated nanocarriers.     

全轮位325/95R24增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍全轮位325/95R24增强型全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计：外直径　1 224 mm,断面宽　318 mm,行驶面宽度　238 mm,行驶面弧度高　7.5 mm,胎圈着合直径　612.5 mm,胎圈着合宽度　228 mm,断面水平轴位置（ H/₁/H/₂）　1.17,胎面采用三道纵向曲折沟花纹,花纹深度　16 mm,花纹饱和度　74.2%,花纹周节数　64。施工设计：胎面采用两方两块贯通式基部胶结构,采用4层带束层,其中1^# —3^# 带束层采用3＋8×0.33ST钢丝帘线,4^# 带束层采用3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用0.25＋6＋12×0.225HT钢丝帘线,胎圈包布加强层为1层钢丝胎圈包布和两层锦纶纤维包布的增强型结构,采用一次法机械反包方式成型,蒸锅式硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,轮胎的充气外缘尺寸、强度性能、静负荷性能和耐久性能均达到相应的标准和设计要求。     

Rational Design of Tryptophan‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities and Specificities

Trp‐rich antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the host innate defense mechanism of many plants and animals. A series of short Trp‐rich peptides derived from the C‐terminal region of Bothrops asper myothoxin II, a Lys49 phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), were found to reproduce the antimicrobial activities of their parent molecule. Of these peptides, KKWRWWLKALAKK—designated PEM‐2—was found to display improved activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. To improve the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 for potential clinical applications further, we determined the solution structure of PEM‐2 bound to membrane‐mimetic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by two‐dimensional NMR methods. The DPC micelle‐bound structure of PEM‐2 adopts an α‐helical conformation and the positively charged residues are clustered together to form a hydrophilic patch. The surface electrostatic potential map indicates that two of the three tryptophan residues are packed against the peptide backbone and form a hydrophobic face with Leu7, Ala9, and Leu10. A variety of biophysical and biochemical experiments, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microcalorimetry, were used to show that PEM‐2 interacted with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and efficiently induced dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 could be due to interactions with bacterial membranes. Potent analogues of PEM‐2 with enhanced antimicrobial and less pronounced hemolytic activities were designed with the aid of these structural studies.     

Computation-Based Design of Salt Bridges in PETase for Enhanced Thermostability and Performance for PET Degradation

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used plastics, and the accumulation of PET poses a great threat to the environment. IsPETase can degrade PET rapidly at moderate temperatures, but its application is greatly limited by the low stability. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with a sequence alignment strategy were adopted to introduce salt bridges into the flexible region of IsPETase to improve its thermal stability. In the designed variants, the T_m values of IsPETase^I168R/S188D and IsPETase^I168R/S188E were 7.4 and 8.7 °C higher than that of the wild type, respectively. The release of products degraded by IsPETase^I168R/S188E was 4.3 times that of the wild type. Tertiary structure characterization demonstrated that the structure of the variants IsPETase^I168R/S188D and IsPETase^I168R/S188E became more compact. Extensive MD simulations verified that a stable salt bridge was formed between the residue R168 and D186 in IsPETase^I168R/S188D, while in IsPETase^I168R/S188E an R168-D186-E188 salt bridge network was observed. These results confirmed that the proposed computation-based salt bridge design strategy could efficiently generate variants with enhanced thermal stability for the long-term degradation of PET, which would be helpful for the design of enzymes with improved stability.     

215/75R14LT 116/114Q增强型轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍215/75R14LT 116/114Q增强型轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计.结构设计：外直径678 mm,断面宽219 mm,行驶面宽度163mm,行驶面弧度高9 mm,胎圈着合直径354mm,胎圈着合宽度 170mm,断面水平轴位置（H1/H2） 0.95,采用条形花纹设计,花纹深度10.5 mm,花纹周节数50,花纹饱和度73％.施工设计：胎面采用三方四块结构,胎体采用2层1670dtex/3聚酯浸胶帘布,带束层分别采用2＋2×0.30HT和2＋7×0.25HT钢丝帘线;采用两次法成型机成型,双模定型硫化机硫化.成品性能试验结果表明,两种轮胎的成品性能均满足国家标准要求,与2＋2×0.30HT钢丝帘线相比,采用2＋7×0.25HT钢丝帘线的成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸、高速性能和横向刚性相近,强度性能和耐久性能较好,纵向刚性稍小.     

Enhanced boiling of mixtures

The degradation in the mixture pool boiling heat transfer coefficient is demonstrated to be much different for an enhanced boiling tube than for an ordinary smooth tube operating under identical conditions, usually being substantially less pronounced. This phenomenon is explored in the present study for the High Flux tube with its thin, porous metallic enhancement layer. The reduced degradation in the enhanced boiling heat transfer coefficient is shown to be the result of a liquid Prandtl number augmentation of the liquid-phase convection process inside the porous matrix, which partially counterbalances the negative effect of mass diffusion on the thin film evaporation process in enhanced boiling. It is thus concluded that the existing mixture boiling correlations for conventional smooth tubes, which only include the mass transfer effect on evaporation, will not be able to correlate the mixture effect for enhanced surfaces.     

Enhanced coalbed methane recovery

The recovery of coalbed methane can be enhanced by injecting CO₂ in the coal seam at supercritical conditions. Through an in situ adsorption/desorption process the displaced methane is produced and the adsorbed CO₂ is permanently stored. This is called enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) and it is a technique under investigation as a possible approach to the geological storage of CO₂ in a carbon dioxide capture and storage system. This work reviews the state of the art on fundamental and practical aspects of the technology and summarizes the results of ECBM field tests. These prove the feasibility of ECBM recovery and highlight substantial opportunities for interdisciplinary research at the interface between earth sciences and chemical engineering.     

A SiGe-Source Doping-Less Double-Gate Tunnel FET: Design and Analysis Based on Charge Plasma Technique with Enhanced Performance

Silicon - In this article, a distinctive charge plasma (CP) technique is employed to design two doping-less dual gate tunnel field effect transistors (DL-DG-TFETs) with Si0.5Ge0.5 and Si as source...     

Design of Hierarchically Tailored Hybrids Based on Nickle Nanocrystal-Decorated Manganese Dioxides for Enhanced Fire Safety of Epoxy Resin

A novel and hierarchical hybrid composite (MnO₂@CHS@SA@Ni) was synthesized utilizing manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanosheets as the core structure, self-assembly chitosan (CHS), sodium alginate (SA) and nickel species (Ni) as surface layers, and it was further incorporated into an epoxy matrix for achieving fire hazard suppression via surface self-assembly technology. Herein, the resultant hybrid epoxy composite possessed an exceptional nano-barrier and synergistic charring effect to aid the formation of a compact layered structure that enhanced its fire-resistive effectiveness. As a result, the addition of only 2 wt% MnO₂@CHS@SA@Ni hybrids led to a dramatic reduction in the peak heat release rate and total heat release values (by ca. 33% and 27.8%) of the epoxy matrix. Notably, the peak smoke production rate and total smoke production values of EP/MnO₂@CHS@SA@Ni 2% were decreased by ca. 16.9 and 38.4% compared to the corresponding data of pristine EP. This was accompanied by the suppression of toxic CO, NO release and the diffusion of thermal pyrolysis gases during combustion through TG-IR results. Overall, a significant fire-testing outcome of the proposed hierarchical structure was proven to be effective for epoxy composites in terms of flammability, smoke and toxicity reductions, optimizing their prospects in other polymeric materials in the respective fields.     

Rational Design of Ag/ZnO Hybrid Nanoparticles on Sericin/Agarose Composite Film for Enhanced Antimicrobial Applications

Silver-based hybrid nanomaterials are receiving increasing attention as potential alternatives for traditional antimicrobial agents. Here, we proposed a simple and eco-friendly strategy to efficiently assemble zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on sericin-agarose composite film to impart superior antimicrobial activity. Based on a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy, AgNPs and ZnO were immobilized on sericin-agarose films using the adhesion property of polydopamine. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy were used to show the morphology of AgNPs and ZnO on the surface of the composite film and analyze the composition and structure of AgNPs and ZnO, respectively. Water contact angle, swelling ratio, and mechanical property were determined to characterize the hydrophilicity, water absorption ability, and mechanical properties of the composite films. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the composite film was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the composite film not only has desirable hydrophilicity, high water absorption ability, and favorable mechanical properties but also exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It has shown great potential as a novel antimicrobial biomaterial for wound dressing, artificial skin, and tissue engineering.     

Enhanced Thermostability of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase from Clostridium bolteae through Rational Design and Engineering of New Disulfide Bridges

D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) catalyzes the isomerization of D-fructose to D-psicose (aka D-allulose, a low-calorie sweetener), but its industrial application has been restricted by the poor thermostability of the naturally available enzymes. Computational rational design of disulfide bridges was used to select potential sites in the protein structure of DPEase from Clostridium bolteae to engineer new disulfide bridges. Three mutants were engineered successfully with new disulfide bridges in different locations, increasing their optimum catalytic temperature from 55 to 65 °C, greatly improving their thermal stability and extending their half-lives (t_1/2) at 55 °C from 0.37 h to 4−4.5 h, thereby greatly enhancing their potential for industrial application. Molecular dynamics simulation and spatial configuration analysis revealed that introduction of a disulfide bridge modified the protein hydrogen–bond network, rigidified both the local and overall structures of the mutants and decreased the entropy of unfolded protein, thereby enhancing the thermostability of DPEase.     

菲污染土壤的电修复过程

Removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) form soil of low permeability by electroremediation was investigated by using phenanthrene and kaolinite as a model system.Tween 80 was added into the purging solution in order to enhance the solubility of phenanthrene.The effects of pH on the adsorption of phenanthrene and Tween 80 on kaolinite and the magnitude of ζ-potential of kaolinite were examined,respectively.The effects of electric field strength indicated by electric current on the electroremediation behavior,including the pH of purging solution,the conductivity,phenanthrene concentration and flow rate of effluent,were experimentally investigated,repectively,In case of an electric field of 25mA applied for 72 hours,over 90% of phenanthrene was removed from 424g(dry mass)of kaolinite at an energy consumption of 0.148kW.h.The experimental results described in present study show that the addition of surfactant into purging solution greatly enhances the removel of HOCs by electroremediation.