含铬废革屑负载锆对水中氟的吸附

将锆(IV)负载在含铬废革屑上制备新型氟吸附材料(Zr CrF),并研究了其对水体中氟离子(F-)的吸附特性.结果表明,pH对Zr CrF吸附F-有较大影响,适宜的pH范围为4.0~9.0;当温度为303 K、F-的初始质量浓度为95.0 mg/L、吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,Zr CrF对F-的吸附容量为64.1 mg/g,而当吸附剂用量增加到3.0 g/L时,F-的去除率达到99.0%;Zr CrF对F-的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学可用拟二级速率方程描述;溶液中共存的SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-基本不影响Zr CrF对F-的吸附,但PO3-4和CO2-3会对吸附产生一定影响.     

Collagen fiber immobilized Myrica rubra tannin and its adsorption to UO2(2+)

Tannins, which are rich in ortho-hydroxyl groups, have a high affinity for UO2(2+). In this paper, Myrica rubra tannin was immobilized on collagen fiber by an aldehydic cross-linking reaction to prepare a novel adsorbent for uranium (UO2(2+)) recovery from wastewater. The adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption kinetics, and the effects of temperature and pH on the adsorption equilibrium were investigated in detail. It was found that the Myrica rubra tannin immobilized on collagen fiber exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity for UO2(2+). The adsorption capacity at 293 K and pH 5.0 was as high as 1.19 mmol UO2(2+)/g (283.3 mgU/g) when the initial concentration of UO2(2+) in solution was 7.5 mmol/L. The adsorption isotherms could be described by the Freundlich equation, and the increase of temperature promoted the adsorption to UO2(2+) . The adsorption kinetics data were fitted very well by the pseudosecond-order rate model, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity calculated by the pseudo-second-order rate model was almost the same as that determined by the actual measurement with the error < or = 4%. The pH has a significant effect on the adsorption process. According to our experiments, the suitable pH scope should be 5-8.     

胶原纤维吸附法纯化茶多酚的特性研究

研究吸附材料胶原纤维对茶多酚的吸附纯化特性。结果表明,该类吸附材料对茶多酚具有较好的吸附选择性、高吸附容量和良好的解吸性能,其吸附容量可达850mg/g。用50% 乙醇静态解吸后茶多酚回收率达85.46%,产品纯度为99% 以上。茶多酚在胶原纤维上的吸附平衡符合Freundlich 方程,吸附动力学符合Lagergren 拟二级速率方程。     

Selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts using a collagen fiber adsorbent

A novel adsorbent, used for the selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts, was prepared from bovine skin collagen fiber. Some typical active constituents of medicinal plants were selected as probe molecules to investigate the adsorption selectivity of the collagen fiber adsorbent to tannins. In batch adsorption experiments, the extent of adsorption of condensed tannins, including larch tannin, black wattle tannin and bayberry tannin, was 100%. The extent of adsorption of tannic acid and the hydrolyzable tannins was also 100%. In contrast, for the most active constituents of medicinal plants, their amounts adsorbed by collagen fiber adsorbent were limited. For procyanidin, the common active constituents in medicinal plant extracts, its extent of adsorption was also low, although it has a similar basic structure to condensed tannins. In comparison with traditionally used polyamide adsorbent, the collagen fiber adsorbent exhibited an obvious advantage in adsorption selectivity over tannins. Therefore, this study provides a novel and effective method for selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

废弃革制品中的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

以废弃革制品中的皮革为吸附剂,进行了去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究。考察了废弃革制品皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,废弃革制品中皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程拟合;随着吸附剂投加量的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在不断升高最后趋于稳定;吸附时间延长,废弃革制品的皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量逐渐增大,拟二级动力学模型适用于废弃革制品的皮革吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程;溶液pH值增大,废弃革制品的皮革吸附溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随之减小;而温度升高,废弃革制品的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增大的幅度不是很大。故利用废弃革制品的皮革制备吸附剂吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有一定的应用价值。     

含铬废革屑对水体中染料的吸附

研究了含铬废革屑对水体中染料的吸附特性。结果表明 :含铬废革屑对酸性染料和直接染料有较大的吸附量 ,但对碱性染料的吸附量却较低。在酸性嫩黄G的最适吸附pH值为 3 .0的条件下 ,酸性嫩黄G的平衡浓度为 82 9mg/L ,其平衡吸附量达到 2 3 4mg/g ;在直接红棕RN的最适吸附 pH值为 9.0的条件下 ,直接红棕RN的平衡浓度为 1 1 5 7mg/L时 ,其平衡吸附量达到 1 5 2mg/g。含铬废革屑对酸性嫩黄G的吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程 ,而对直接红棕RN的吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程。吸附动力学研究表明 :含铬废革屑对以上 2种染料的吸附 ,符合拟二级速度方程。     

水杨酸改性稻草秸秆对Cu2+的吸附研究

采用水杨酸对稻草秸秆进行改性,研究其对Cu^2+的吸附性能。以制备的吸附剂对Cu^2+的去除率为参考依据,优化吸附剂制备条件,结果显示:稻草秸秆与水杨酸质量比1∶1.5、改性时间120 min、改性温度35℃为最佳制备条件。同时进一步研究吸附剂投加量、吸附温度、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。当温度为35℃、pH为5.0、吸附时间为90 min时,0.15 g改性吸附剂对15 mg/L的Cu^2+溶液去除率达92.60%。改性稻草秸秆对Cu^2+的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程,用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型均能描述Cu^2+在改性稻草秸秆上的吸附。     

Adsorption of Cu2+ by Crosslinked Graft Copolymers of Starch

With the use of acrylic acid(AA)as a monomer,humic acid(HA)and starch as raw materials,potassium persulfate(KPS)as initiator,and N,Ndimethylacrylamide(MBA)as a cross-linking agent,AA/HA/Starch graft copolymer was prepared and characterized by SEM and FT-IR.The effects of temperature,adsorption time,adsorbent dosage,pH value and Cu²⁺initial concentration of the solution on the adsorption performance of the crosslinked graft copolymer were also investigated.The results showed that the Cu²⁺adsorption capacity of the AA/HA/Starch graft copolymer increased firstly and then decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and the initial pH value of Cu²⁺solution.With the increase of Cu²⁺initial concentration and the extension of adsorption time,the adsorption amount of Cu²⁺increased rapidly and then stabilized.And it decreased slightly with the increase of temperature.At pH value of 5.5,temperature of 298 K,adsorbent dosage of 50 mg,adsorption time of 125 min,and 100 mL Cu²⁺solution with Cu²⁺initial concentration of 100 mg/L,the Cu²⁺adsorption capacity of the crosslinked graft copolymer was 238 mg/g.The adsorption of Cu²⁺by the adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model,and the adsorption was attached to monolayer chemical adsorption.This study proved that AA/HA/Starch graft copolymer could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of harmful and toxic metal cations such as Cu²⁺from industrial wastewater.     

罗非鱼鱼鳞处理含铜废水

通过吸附实验考察Cu²⁺初始质量浓度、溶液pH、时间等因素对罗非鱼鱼鳞吸附水中Cu²⁺性能的影响;通过FTIR、BET、SEM、吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析吸附机理。结果表明:当溶液pH为5、温度为25℃、吸附剂用量为3 g/L、吸附时间为3 h、Cu²⁺初始质量浓度为100 mg/L时吸附效果最好,Cu²⁺的吸附率可达79.82%,吸附量可达26.63 mg/g;鱼鳞对Cu²⁺的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,为化学吸附;吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

Shorea dasyphylla sawdust for humic acid sorption

The efficacy of Shorea dasyphylla sawdust as an adsorbent for the removal of humic acid from aqueous solution was investigated as a function of pH value, agitation period, agitation rate, initial humic acid concentration and adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium nature of humic acid adsorption was described by the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms. The experimental adsorption data was best fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, which gave adsorption capacity of 68.4 mg humic acid adsorbed per gram Shorea dasyphylla sawdust at pH 2.0 and initial humic acid concentration of 80 mg?L^-1. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It was revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption, Shorea dasyphylla sawdust retained its promising adsorption ability. With an initial amount of 73.5 mg humic acid adsorbed per gram sawdust, more than 80% of humic acid desorbed by using 0.1 M HCl. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to study the mechanism of the removal of humic acid. From the dimensionless factor, R_L data, it was determined that the adsorption of humic acid onto untreated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust was favourable.     

改性冰糖橙皮渣对结晶紫及亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以微波和磷酸双改性制备的冰糖橙皮渣吸附剂与未改性吸附剂对比,研究其对染料结晶紫和亚甲基蓝的吸附能力。考察了吸附时间、pH、吸附剂用量、染料初始浓度、吸附温度对吸附剂吸附能力的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(SIR)表征了吸附剂的特性。结果表明,当pH为7时,分别投入吸附剂0.1 g于浓度为50 mg·L-1的结晶紫溶液中和浓度为100 mg·L-1的亚甲基蓝溶液中吸附1.5 h,30 ℃时对结晶紫去除率由改性前的66.5%提升到99.4%,40 ℃时对亚甲基蓝去除率由改性前的57.1%提升到96.3%。改性冰糖橙皮渣吸附结晶紫符合Langmuir等温模型,吸附亚甲基蓝符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型,吸附动力学均遵从准二级动力学方程,表明改性吸附剂比未改性吸附剂具有更好的吸附性能。     

乙胺基团增强聚吡咯材料对印染废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

印染废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)是一种毒性较大的污染物,而功能化聚吡咯材料对重金属离子具有优良的吸附性。通过共聚改性法成功合成了一种新型复合吸附剂聚[1-(2-氨乙基)吡咯](PPy-NH2),并将其用作吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附剂,重点研究了该吸附材料去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素和吸附机理。结果表明:PPy-NH2的吸附能力随溶液pH的降低而增强,当pH=1.6时,吸附量为164.3mg/g;吸附量随着PPy-NH2用量的增加而增大,当PPy-NH2用量为4 g时基本达到吸附平衡,去除率为97.11%;任一共存离子浓度增加均会降低PPy-NH2对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率。PPy-NH2复合材料是一种高效的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附剂。     

Removal of endosulfan and methoxychlor from water on carbon slurry

A carbon slurry, produced in generators of fuel-oil-based industrial generators was converted into an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of endosulfan and methoxychlor from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was chemically treated, activated, characterized, and used for the adsorption of endosulfan and methoxychlor pesticides. The maximum adsorption was found at 90 min, 6.5 pH, 0.025 g/L dose, and 25 degrees C temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to analyze adsorption data, and the former was found applicable to this adsorption system in terms of relatively high regression values. The thermodynamic aspect of the process was also investigated by evaluating certain important parameters (enthalpy, free energy, and entropy of system). Kinetics of adsorption was found to follow the pseudo second order rate equation. The diffusion of pesticides into carbon slurry pores was suggested to be the rate controlling step by applying Bangham's equation. Adsorption on a column was also investigated in a continuous flow system. Adsorption efficiencies of endosulfan and methoxychlor were 34.11 and 36.06 mg/g in batch processes and 32.62 and 33.52 mg/g in column operations, respectively.     

零价铁/氧化石墨烯复合吸附剂对染料和重金属的吸附性能

针对目前酸性染料染色废水中染料和重金属Cr(Ⅵ)引起的严重环境污染问题,以零价铁(Fe⁰)/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合物作为吸附剂,以分别含有弱酸性蓝AS和Cr(Ⅵ)的水溶液模拟染色废水,探究Fe⁰与GO的质量比、溶液pH值及染料与Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度对吸附性能的影响,考察Fe⁰/GO吸附剂对酸性染料与Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制,研究其吸附热力学与动力学。结果表明：Fe⁰与GO吸附剂在质量比为4∶1时具有最佳吸附效果,弱酸性蓝AS染液初始质量浓度为75 mg/L,温度为30℃,pH值为4.0时,12 h后去除率为85.6%,最大吸附量达到85.6 mg/g; Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始质量浓度为75 mg/L,温度为30℃,pH值为3.0时,12 h后去除率为95.8%,最大吸附量达到95.8 mg/g; Fe⁰/GO对2种污染物的吸附过程均符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型。     

雷竹笋渣及其膳食纤维的物化特性分析

该研究对雷竹笋渣及其经各种不同的方法处理后得到的膳食纤维的物化特性进行了测定和分析。研究表明,雷竹笋渣采用化学法和发酵法加工制备膳食纤维,成品的性能均有显著的提高(P＜0.05);与化学法制备的膳食纤维比较,发酵法制备的膳食纤维除对脂肪的吸附能力较低之外,其他性能如水合性质(持水力、溶胀性、结合水力分别为7.43 g/g、5.57 mL/g、5.26 g/g)、阳离子交换能力0.43 mmol/g、吸附胆固醇的能力5.25 mg/g、NO2-的吸附能力1.45 mg/g均显著优于化学法制备的膳食纤维的水合性质(5.48 g/g、4.30 mL/g、4.54 g/g)、阳离子交换能力0.37 mmol/g、吸附胆固醇的能力2.02 mg/g、NO2-的吸附能力0.80 mg/g。就对膳食纤维的性能的影响而言,发酵法是最佳的制备雷竹笋渣膳食纤维的方法。     

Chromium(III) removal in tannery waste waters using Chinese Reed ( Miscanthus Sinensis), a fast growing plant

Dried Chinese Reed (Miscanthus sinensis) was investigated as adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) from tannery wastewater. Batch mode adsorption studies were conducted using aqueous solutions of Cr(III). Parameters studied include Cr(III) concentration, agitation time, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetic model. Equilibrium adsorption data obeyed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 1.85 mg/g. Effects of pH on adsorption and desorption show that both ion exchange and chemisorption are involved in the adsorption process.     

胶原纤维固载铁对砷As（V）的吸附特性

将Fe（Ⅲ）固载在胶原纤维上制备吸附材料，研究了该吸附材料对砷酸根的吸附性能。结果表明，在pH为3．O～6．0范围内平衡吸附量最大；当温度为303K，As（V）初始浓度为52．5mg／L时，胶原纤维固载铁（FelCF）对As（V）的吸附量可以达到75．4mg／g。吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程，平衡吸附量随温度的升高而增加；吸附动力学可以用拟二级速度方程来描述。     

纤维素/壳聚糖磁性气凝胶的冻融法制备及其对染料吸附性能

为开发一种高效可再生的磁性生物质基吸附剂,以微晶纤维素(MCC)和壳聚糖(CS)为凝胶网络框架、纳米Fe3 O4为掺杂剂,通过悬浮液滴和冻融结合法制备MCC/CS磁性气凝胶.借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射等表征其微观形貌及化学结构,并探讨了对染料刚果红的去除效果.结果 表明:在加入1.0 g纳米Fe3 ...     

木素基吸附材料对孔雀绿的吸附性能研究

以木素磺酸镁为原料,制备了木素基吸附材料,采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附材料(LBCA)对孔雀绿的吸附性能。考察了溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,当pH为10,温度为306K下,吸附量可达0.825mmol/g,LBCA对孔雀绿的吸附较符合Langmuir吸附等温式;吸附是自发进行的,并且是吸热过程,LBCA对孔雀绿的吸附符合二级动力学模型。     

介孔氧化硅/棉复合纤维对染料的吸附性能

为提高对纺织染料废水的吸附处理能力,利用共缩聚合成法和超支化聚合物修饰制备了复合介孔氧化硅纳米颗粒（HMSN）,通过静电自组装法将HMSN 引入阴离子化改性棉纤维表面,制备出了一种基于纤维素纤维以及功能化介孔氧化硅的复合纤维,实现对水溶液中有机染料的高效吸附;对材料表征并对相关吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,介孔氧化硅纳米颗粒呈现虫洞状介孔结构,复合纤维表面被平均粒径约为40 nm的功能化介孔氧化硅纳米颗粒覆盖,形成富含官能基团的复合介孔氧化硅/棉纤维吸附剂,对于水溶液中的染料刚果红有优越的吸附性能,吸附过程在180 min内达到平衡,平衡吸附容量可达195 mg/g。