ECAP对碳纳米管/AZ31复合材料显微组织的影响

采用碳纳米管孕育块铸造法制备了碳纳米管/AZ31镁基复合材料,并对其进行了等径角挤压实验.利用光学金相显微镜对它的显微组织进行了观察和分析,研究了等径角挤压变形工艺对复合材料显微组织的影响规律.结果表明:等径角挤压工艺可明显细化复合材料的晶粒组织;随着变形道次的增加,复合材料平均晶粒尺寸不断得到细化,组织更加均匀.     

ECAP变形对MWCNTs/AZ31复合材料抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用碳纳米管孕育块铸造法制备多壁碳纳米管/AZ31镁基复合材料,经等径角挤压(ECAP)变形后对复合材料在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)的腐蚀介质中进行静态浸渍试验和电化学极化曲线测定,研究等径角挤压变形工艺对复合材料抗腐蚀性能的影响;利用数码相机、扫描电子显微镜对复合材料腐蚀前后的表面形貌进行观察和分析;并对复合材料的抗腐蚀机理进行分析。结果表明:等径角挤压变形工艺能有效的提高多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)/AZ31复合材料的抗腐蚀性能,经等径角挤压变形4道次后,复合材料的平均腐蚀速率由挤压态的0.6035mg/(m2·s)降为0.2963mg/(m2·s)。腐蚀电流密度Icorr由ECAP变形前的3.363μA/cm2减小到2.269μA/cm2。     

等通道角挤压对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响

在对等通道角挤压中模具通道夹角、挤压路线和挤压温度研究的基础上,确定了实验中的理想工艺。研究发现,AZ91镁合金经过一个道次的等通道角挤压后,材料中就有大量的超细晶粒出现。随着道次数增加,超细晶粒比例逐渐增多。AZ91镁合金经过225℃四道次+180℃二道次的挤压后,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到290MPa和417MPa,伸长率达到8.45%。     

等通道角挤压对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响

在对等通道角挤压中模具通道夹角、挤压路线和挤压温度研究的基础上，确定了实验中的理想工艺。研究发现，AZ91镁合金经过一个道次的等通道角挤压后，材料中就有大量的超细晶粒出现。随着道次数增加．超细晶粒比例逐渐增多。AZ91镁合金经过225℃四道次＋180℃二道次的挤压后，屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到290MPa和417MPa，伸长率达到8．45％。     

ECAP变形过程中MWCNTs/AZ31复合材料的织构演变

采用等径角挤压变形工艺对经热挤压后的MWCNTs/AZ31复合材料进行不同道次的深度塑性变形.测试和分析了复合材料的室温力学性能,并利用X射线衍射仪对复合材料织构的演变进行了分析.研究结果表明:MWCNTs/AZ31复合材料经热挤压后具有较强的{0001}基面纤维织构,随着等径角挤压变形道次的增加,逐渐偏离挤压态的纤维...     

反复塑性变形对SiC_p/AZ31镁基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用反复塑性变形(RPW)技术,结合挤压工艺制备出SiC颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料,研究了循环次数(RPW次数)对SiC_p/AZ31镁基复合材料显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,反复塑性变形具有明显的AZ31基体晶粒细化、SiC_p细化和分散作用,能显著提高SiC_p/AZ31复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度,并改善其塑性.在SiC_p的体积分数为4%时,经RPW为300次的热挤压后,AZ31基体晶粒粒径达到最小值20 μm,SiC_p被粉碎成3 μm以下的微粒,且弥散分布于合金基体中,复合材料的室温抗拉强度和硬度(HV)达到或接近最大值,分别为359 MPa和107.     

等通道角挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

借助X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜等分析设备,研究了AZ31镁合金在等通道角挤压变形过程中微观组织与力学性能随加工道次的变化行为.结果表明,随挤压道次的增加,晶粒不断细化,力学性能发生显著变化,伸长率不断增大,抗拉强度逐渐降低.挤压8道次后,晶粒尺寸由最初的120μm减小到9μm.由于晶粒细化效应,导致α相主要变形机制由1道次的孪生变为随后道次的位错滑移.挤压后(0001)晶面的取向分布分散性,影响抗拉强度.伸长率的增大与晶粒细化和滑移面的激活有关.     

热处理对MWCNTs/AZ80镁基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备了不同体积分数碳纳米管增强AZ80镁基复合材料,考察了固溶+时效热处理对复合材料的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:镁基复合材料组织致密,晶粒细小,其中的碳纳米管均匀分布;热处理导致碳纳米管与AZ80基体界面上有A13Ni2化合物生成,改善了界面结构;复合材料的抗拉强度随碳纳米管体积分数的增加逐渐增加,固溶+时效处理后的复合材料的抗拉强度有所提高,影响MWCNTs/AZ80复合材料力学性能的主要因素是碳纳米管与镁基体之间的界面结合情况。     

等径道角挤压预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变(英文)

利用金相显微镜和图像分析设备对等径道角挤压预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变进行研究。先利用等径道角挤压对AZ61镁合金铸坯在310℃进行应变诱导,然后将其在半固态进行不同时间的等温处理。研究结果表明:挤压道次、等温处理温度和变形路径影响预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变过程。在将等温处理温度从530℃升高至560℃的过程中,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从22μm增大到35μm。当等温处理温度为575℃时,平均晶粒尺寸减小。当等径道角挤压的变形路径为BC时,预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中获得的微观组织晶粒尺寸最小。     

等通道转角挤压镁合金的微观组织和力学性能

采用自制的90°模具,分析不同的ECAP挤压路径对AZ31镁合金变形后的微观组织和力学性能的影响;对挤压后的试样进行显微组织观察、硬度测试,研究等通道挤压工艺(ECAP)对AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化效果.结果表明:Bc路径晶粒细化效果较好,随着挤压道次增加,晶粒发生细化,7道次后晶粒尺寸由原来的70μm细化到4.8μm左右;硬度值随道次增加显著提高,3道次后达到最大值90.81MPa,之后随道次增加,硬度略有下降,趋于稳定.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。