低度浓香型白酒保质期的研究

对低度（38%vol）浓香型成品酒理化指标及主要香味成分进行了7年的跟踪实验研究。结果表明,当优级低度浓香型成品酒贮存到两年半后,其己酸乙酯已达不到标准要求,产品已不合格。因此,提出了低度浓香型白酒是有保质期的观点,并提出了适当延长低度浓香型白酒保质期的措施。     

耐酸耐胆盐益生菌的筛选及其益生特性研究

该研究采用浓香型白酒原酒为主要原料研发低度艾草酒。浓香型白酒原酒在80 ℃、-65 kPa条件下减压蒸馏，去除蒸馏釜中残液并收集中段馏出液。与原酒相比，中段馏出液中的乙醛、甲醇分别降低了32%、77%，酯类物质总含量提升89%，酒精度从67%vol提高至85%vol，以此为基酒浸渍艾草新鲜茎叶，并对浸渍条件进行优化。结果表明低度艾草酒的生产工艺为料液比5∶100（g∶mL），在20～25 ℃条件下浸渍新鲜艾草茎叶5 d，无菌纱布过滤，添加纯净水降度至30%vol。经检测，该低度艾草酒含有相对含量为0.33%的石竹烯、0.40%的桉叶油醇、0.09%的天然樟脑、0.06%的4-萜烯醇、0.06%的2-茨醇、0.02%的马鞭草醚等活性成分，且常温储存3个月外观及风味仍保持稳定。该研究结果为以浓香型白酒为基酒生产特色露酒提供了新的途径。     

降度贮存基础酒对勾调低度浓香型白酒质量的影响研究

选取不同酒度、不同贮存期的浓香型基础酒用于低度白酒的勾调,通过定期的风味成分含量分析和专业品酒师的感官品评,得出了不同酒度贮存的基础酒对低度白酒勾调质量的影响。该实验结果表明,使用降度至42%vol～48%vol贮存12个月的基础酒勾调的38%vol浓香型白酒,其感官品评综合得分最高,并且降度后贮存有助于加速水解反应,使酸类物质增加,达到反应平衡从而使低度白酒酒体醇厚、回味悠长,低而不淡。     

低度浓香型白酒生产中几个问题的探讨

对低度浓香型白酒生产中存在的几个问题:质量标准、基础酒质量、勾调技术、水质、浑浊物及浑浊原因、除浊净化技术、稳定性等进行了探讨.只有加强生产工艺管理和结合先进技术的应用;生产高质量的基础酒、调味酒,解决酒"淡"和除"浑浊"问题;加强科学的酒体设计和检测技术;完善质量体系,倡导"健康饮酒"消费理念,低度白酒才会更快发展.(孙悟)     

低度浓香型白酒的勾兑与除浊

浓香型白酒降度后,不仅在风味、口感上有显著的变化,而且可能会出现失光、浑浊现象。低度白酒的质量与优质曲酒在风格、口感方面存在差别。在低度白酒生产过程,加强基础酒的选取、原浆酒的净化、勾兑、微量芳香物质的调整、加浆用水的质量、调味酒的选用、勾兑后净化（除浊）、灌装前再过滤等环节,可使成品酒达到酒体无色、清澈、透明、爽净,酒味统一、丰满、适口、绵柔、净爽的标准。     

低度习郎特曲酒的研发

研究开发了低度白酒38%vol习郎特曲.从基酒选择、组合降度、调味、除浊澄清、贮存、理化检测等方面阐述了低度白酒研发生产中的体会.提出了"四高一低"选酒、"2 1"调味、后贮存期等方法和概念.     

汪洋牌酒类专用颗粒炭在浓香低度白酒生产中的应用试验

在低度白酒生产中,除浊是重要的一环,其中除浊介质的应用至关重要。对汪洋牌酒类专用颗粒炭在浓香型低度白酒生产中的应用做了试验。结果表明,处理后的酒经冷冻试验和加浆降度试验,酒液清亮透明,保持原有风格,理化指标变化不大。     

浓香型低度白酒在贮存期酒质稳定的研究

浓香型低度白酒随着贮存时间的延长，酒体变淡，味变寡，影响酒体质量。可通过增加酒体中微量成分的绝色对含量、高醇浓度勾调、添加大分子酸酯类物质、添加金属离子等措施改善低度白酒的酒体质量。(小雨)     

浓香型低度白酒的除浊技术

浓香型低度白酒的除浊技术张国强李志强（安徽淮北市口子酒厂）现在生产低度白酒面临两项主要技术难题，一是降低酒度以后酒味淡薄。二是降低酒度后酒体浑浊。酒的香味物质容易引起混浊，除去浑浊的香味物质就必然淡薄。以致出现“顾此失彼”和“二者不可兼得”的局面。我...     

浅析浓香型白酒新标准的难适用性

新发布的浓香型白酒国家标准GB/T10781.1-2006扩大了低度浓香型白酒的酒精度范围,为25%vol～40%vol,其总酸、总酯、己酸乙酯等理化指标作了相应了调整.但根据现在市场上销售的28%vol、33%vol的浓香型白酒检测结果看,其理化指标很难达到浓香型白酒新国标要求.经对2002～2006年28%vol、33%vol和38%vol低度白酒理化指标分析,发现低度浓香型白酒的水解反应特别严重,随着贮存期的延长,总酸会增高,总酯、己酸乙酯会成倍降低,28%vol、33%vol贮存不到一年就会低于新国标,建议将新浓香型白酒标准中的总酯、己酸乙酯等理化指标作相应的调整.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.