IGCC发电系统中煤气化工艺的选择

简要介绍了煤气化的基本原理和各种气化技术的特点,总结并综合比较了Texaco和Shell两种气化炉的主要工艺特点.结合烟台IGCC示范机组,对IGCC电站气化技术选择的有关问题进行了探讨.     

积极推广煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术

本文较详细地阐述了燃煤电厂应用IGCC发电技术的优点，简要地介绍了美国的2座IGCC电厂的情况，并积极建议促使我国烟台的IGCC示范电站早日付诸实施。     

水煤浆气化合成气显热回收对IGCC电站性能的影响

利用Thermoflex热力系统软件分别建立了基于GE-Texaco和E-Gas水煤浆气化的400MW级IGCC电站模型,通过设置的5种合成气显热回收方案,分析了水煤浆气化炉型、废热锅炉配置和废热锅炉出口合成气温度3个因素对IGCC电站性能的影响.结果表明:与GE-Texaco全热回收气化技术相比,采用E-Gas全热回收气化技术时蒸汽轮机的发电量和净发电量较低,供电效率提高、厂用电耗率降低;与合成气激冷方案相比,增设辐射废锅和对流废锅可以提高GE-Texaco气化合成气显热回收过程的蒸汽质量流量,进而提高IGCC电站的蒸汽轮机发电量、净发电量和供电效率;降低废热锅炉出口合成气的温度可以改善IGCC电站的整体性能.     

洁净煤发电技术在中国的发展

本文介绍了中国超临界、超超临界发电技术、循环流化床技术的发展情况,介绍了在大型燃煤电站锅炉低氮燃烧技术上的发展情况,并简要介绍了IGCC在中国的发展状况。     

一种新型二氧化碳准零排放的IGCC系统

如何减排CO2是全世界都十分关注的问题。对中国而言,传统燃煤电厂的直接燃烧是CO2排放的主要来源。目前世界各国都在研究燃煤电厂CO2捕捉问题,但因此引起的效率损失太大,使人"望而却步"。本文提出并详细分析了空气气化IGCC加上变换与CO2分离的新系统,其系统效率降低幅度大大小于纯氧气化工艺的IGCC系统,仅降低5.4个百分点)相对于纯氧气化的7.5个百分点),这类准零排放的IGCC系统效率仍能达到41.2%,为减排CO2开辟了一条新的道路。     

直接空冷技术在缺水联合循环电站上的应用示范

论述了燃煤IGCC内涵、国内进展、掌握IGCC核心技术并获得国家发明专利、安排在"十一五"启动等内容,阐明了空冷式含义和意义、国外示例一览表和著名的英国瑞.豪斯空冷式燃煤IGCC模范电站详情,同时,还有为在当前关停小火电之际,用空冷式IGCC技术改造缺水、少地的小火电老厂找到出路。     

采用GSP气化技术的IGCC电站

通过调研、考察,综合分析了湿法和干法两种煤气化工艺、设备技术特点和经济效益及在IGCC电站的应用情况,结合南京化工园的石化企业实际．认为选择采用GSP干法煤气化技术在南京化工园内IGCC电站应用是合适的。     

南京2009年将建成一座与化工产品联产的IGCC电站

国内首座采用GSP气化技术（干法煤气化技术）的南京IGCC电站将在2009年由南京兰天燃气热电有限公司在南京化学工业园建成,该工程项目为热电联供。本期建设1台200。230Mw（1台150—170MW等级燃气轮机＋1台50—60MW蒸汽轮机）的燃气一蒸汽联合循环机组,规划按2台200—230MW的联合循环机组考虑。该项目以煤炭作为制备合成气的原料,采用GSP干法气化技术,制备合成气的能力为1900 944kNm^3／a。该合成气为南京IGCC电站和该化工园的醋酸、精细化工、染料等产业提供燃料和原料,顺应了南京化工园区经济发展需求。     

多联产配置是推进我国IGCC系统发展的重要途径

分析了IGCC电站在我国及世界的发展形势,并从经济和技术角度分析了影响其发展的主要因素,重点对多联产系统相对IGCC电站具有更好的经济性和操作灵活性进行分析。提出通过多联产系统来推进IGCC这种清洁煤发电技术发展的观点。     

中美日典型IGCC电站对比研究

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是当今最引人注目的 高效清洁发电技术之一.选取中国华能天津IGCC、美国Tampa IGCC和日本勿来IGCC三座装机容量250MW级的典型IGCC电站进行对比研究.三座IGCC电站均为煤基IGCC,且均以发电为主,在各自国家承担了技术验证及示范的作用.在技术路线方面,三座IGCC电站各具...     

The development of advanced energy technologies in Japan: IGCC: A key technology for the 21st century

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants have been looked to as a key technology for the 21st century in order to realize high efficiency and good environmental performance for electricity generation, replacing existing coal fired power plants.Following successful completion of a 200 ton/d pilot project in Nakoso, IGCC technology development in Japan is moving from the stage of a feasibility study to a detailed study to allow final decisions for demonstration plant construction. The feasibility study, jointly conducted by the domestic electric power companies, found MHI's IGCC technology to have several advantages in efficiency and reliability. In parallel with the study, a number of R&D tests have been executed as a national project to facilitate scaling up from the pilot plant to the demonstration plant. This paper introduces the current status of the MHI's IGCC technological development.     

IGCC多联产系统设备特点及其运行技术研究

IGCC发电技术是基于清洁煤气化的高效联合循环发电技术,本文通过对目前国内外燃烧天然气和IGCC发电技术的综合研究,分析了IGCC发电技术的设备特点,并结合类似IGCC燃用中低热值的联合循环机组试验研究结果,开展了IGCC发电设备的经济运行技术研究,对IGCC及其多联产机组参与电网调峰运行和掺烧备用天然气的运行技术提出了建议。     

Effects of supplementary biomass firing on the performance of combined cycle power generation: A comparison between NGCC and IGCC plants

In the present work, effects of biomass supplementary firing on the performance of fossil fuel fired combined cycles have been analyzed. Both natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC) and integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) have been considered in the study. The efficiency of the NGCC plant monotonically reduces with the increase in supplementary firing, while for the IGCC plant the maximum plant efficiency occurs at an optimum degree of supplementary firing. This difference in the nature of variation of the efficiency of two plants under the influence of supplementary firing has been critically analyzed in the paper. The ratings of different plant equipments, fuel flow rates and the emission indices of CO₂ from the plants at varying degree of supplementary firing have been evaluated for a net power output of 200 MW. The fraction of total power generated by the bottoming cycle increases with the increase in supplementary firing. However, the decrease in the ratings of gas turbines is much more than the increase in that of the steam turbines due to the low work ratio of the topping cycle. The NGCC plants require less biomass compared to the IGCC under identical condition. A critical degree of supplementary firing has been identified for the slag free operation of the biomass combustor. The performance parameters, equipment ratings and fuel flow rates for no supplementary firing and for the critical degree of supplementary biomass firing have been compared for the NGCC and IGCC plants.     

A proposed scheme for coal fired combined cycle and its concise performance

For IGCC, the primary investment is too high due to the demand of high gasification efficiency. For PFBCC, the thermal efficiency is too low due to the relatively low turbine inlet temperature and the hot working medium of the gas turbine is not easy to clean. A new scheme is proposed for coal fired combined cycle to overcome the main drawbacks of IGCC and PFBCC. The research targets are developing a new cycle construction of coal fired combines cycle to raise the efficiency and reduce the primary investment. Actually, the new scheme is a synthesis of some existing proposals. It adopts partial gasification to reduce the primary investment of the gasification equipment. The un-gasified surplus solid is then feed to a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, but adopting Curtiss Wright type external combustion to lower the ash content in the working medium. The gas fuel from the partial gasifier is combusted in a top combustor to further increase the working medium temperature. An extremely concise performance estimation method for the new scheme and its equations is proposed in order to easily understand the basic physical meaning of the new system. Some typical calculations based on this concise method are given. Then, a more detailed computation is accomplished with Aspen Plus code. The basic feasibility of this scheme is proven to be favorable. The efficiency is higher than the existing coal fired IGCC plants. The advantage of the new scheme comes from the better utilization of coal energy. Almost all the energy of coal is first utilized in the top cycle, and then the bottom cycle, just like the gas fueled combined cycle does. The primary investment is lower than the ordinary IGCC due to the lack of air separation unit and the adoption of partial gasification. The ash content is much lower than that of the existing PFBCC plants. If no any harmful ash in working medium is required, the atmospheric fluidized bed can be applied rather than the pressurized fluidized bed. A similar proposal with atmospheric fluidized bed and its performance estimation are also given. However, its efficiency will be lower than the pressurized fluidized bed scheme.     

我国的燃气_蒸汽联合循环发电技术前景良好

针对我国能源结构和能源政策,指出燃气－蒸汽联合循环是提高发电效率和解决环境污染的重要途径,尤其是国际公认的最有发展前途的两种燃煤联合循环发电技术;ＩＧＣＣ和ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ。文中简要地介绍了这两种联合循环发电技术。     

Towards the improvement of thermal efficiency in lignite‐fired power generation: Concerning the utilization of Polish lignite deposits in state‐of‐the‐art IGCC technology

Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is the most advanced technology for coal‐fired power generation. The two‐stage entrained flow gasification process allows for the use of a wide range of coal, as long as the gasification temperature is above the ash melting point of a used fuel. In this gasification technology, lignite, which often has a low ash melting point, can be preferably utilized. However, ash fluidity is also another importance, because the behaviour of molten slag can diminish a stable ash discharge from a gasifier. As the eligibility of coal ash properties is a considerable factor, water physically and chemically kept in lignite (30 – 60% in mass) attributes to deteriorating gasification efficiency, because it causes significant heat loss and increasing oxygen consumption. Developing a thermal evaporative lignite drying method will be a necessary attempt to apply lignite to the coal gasification process. For those preceded objectives, coal and ash properties and drying characteristics of several grades of Polish lignite, extracted from Belchatow and Turow deposits, have been experimentally investigated in a preliminary study evaluating the applicability and consideration for its utilization in state‐of‐the‐art clean coal technology, IGCC. This paper particularly discusses the eligibility of Polish lignite from the perspective of the fusibility and fluidity of ash melts and the fundamental drying kinetics of lignite in superheated steam in the light of water removal. The viscosity of ash melts is measured at high temperature up to 1700 °C. In the drying tests, the significant influence of structural issues, because of the provenance and origin of lignite on the drying characteristics, was found by applying the method of sensitivity analysis of physical propensity. This paper concludes that the investigated Polish lignite has characteristics favourable for utilization in IGCC technology, once the precautions related to its high moisture have been carefully addressed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

通过联产甲醇提高整体煤气化联合循环系统的变负荷性能

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是最有前景的清洁煤发电技术之一,但由于经济性和操作灵活性的不足,其发展受到了限制.将IGCC系统与甲醇合成系统耦合,通过联产甲醇可以提高系统的负荷调节能力,同时改善IGCC电站的经济性.以实际案例定量地分析了保持联产系统气化单元满负荷运行时,调节合成气在化工单元和电力单元的分配来调节电力负荷的能力.结果表明:通过设计合成单元设备容量盈余.可以实现保持气化炉运行工况不变而改变电力输出负荷;而联产甲醇增强了煤气化发电的操作灵活性.     

整体煤气化联合循环_IGCC_装置的进展

简述了整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）目前的进展情况。介绍了过去和当前世界各国主要的IGCC项目。展示了第二代IGCC装置的性能指标。IGCC为代表的燃蒸联合循环将是21世纪能源建设的重要方向。