溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵热力过程的分析

通过计算机模拟,对溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵热力过程和热泵系统各部件进行了详细计算,提出了循环倍数、工作液浓溶液浓度、蒸发温度、冷却温度对效率的影响程度。指出了损失的分布,计算了损系数和效率。     

引入蒸汽对垂直管内降膜蒸发传热及流动的影响

对垂直管内引入饱和蒸汽的湍流降膜蒸发传热及流动进行实验研究。研究结果表明:管内引入饱和蒸汽,可以在不提高液膜传热温差的情况下,提高传热系数12％～25％,降低液膜厚度10％～20％,并得出相应的计算式。     

溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵热力过程的(火用)分析

通过计算机模拟,对溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵热力过程和热泵系统各部件进行了详细计算,提出了循环倍数、工作液浓溶液浓度、蒸发温度、冷却温度对(火用)效率的影响程度.指出了(火用)损失的分布,计算了(火用)损系数和(火用)效率.     

降膜式吸收器的研究及应用进展

介绍了降膜式吸收器的研究背景,综述了近年来降膜吸收器的强化传热传质研究成果,以及应用在吸收式制冷、化工等领域的研究进展,提出了降膜式吸收器有待解决的问题。分析表明降膜式吸收器的研究应用日趋成熟,具有广阔的应用前景。     

吸收式热泵海水淡化系统性能与经济研究

提出了单效溴化锂吸收式热泵低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统,建立了系统数学模型。分析了不同溴化锂浓溶液浓度对系统的影响,并与不带吸收式热泵的低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统进行了性能与经济比较。计算结果表明:在本文的计算范围内,随LiBr浓溶液浓度的增加,发生器产生的饱和蒸汽温度降低,所需动力蒸汽量减少,造水比升高,海水淡化装置蒸发器总面积增加,综合效果是淡水成本增加。在相同条件下,与不带吸收式热泵的海水淡化系统相比,吸收式热泵海水淡化系统的淡水成本可节省16.5%。     

管内带螺旋线的降膜蒸发器传热性能研究

以水为工作介质,研究了降膜蒸发器的传热性能,考察了在降膜蒸发器换热管内插入不同型式的螺旋线对蒸发器的影响。对10种不同规格的螺旋线,分别进行了恒壁温实验和传热实验。实验数据表明,矩形截面的螺旋线对传热的强化效果好于圆截面螺旋线;同时螺旋线结构参数等对降膜蒸发侧传热性能有良好的强化作用。     

横槽管内降膜蒸发传热特性的实验研究

为探究不同参数对横槽管内降膜蒸发传热特性的影响规律,搭建了竖管降膜蒸发实验平台,开展了降膜蒸发传热实验,对光滑管与横槽管进行对比研究.在单位周边流量Γ=0.15-0.75 kg/(m·s),传热温差AT=10-16 K,热流密度q=12-36 kW/m2,二次蒸汽雷诺数Rev=1.5×104-4.5×104的范围内,测...     

水平管外降膜蒸发传热性能的实验研究

以水为介质研究了水平管外降膜蒸发的传热性能,并对喷淋密度和热通量等因素对传热性能的影响进行了分析,得到了传热系数关联式,该式的计算值与实验值相差在±10%以内。     

湍流降膜吸收过程的数值解

在前已建立的湍流降膜吸收模型[1] 基础上 ,进一步进行数值模拟 ,并利用所得结果对各传递现象的控制参量进行讨论 ,结果发现在湍流降膜吸收过程中 ,新控制参量Pe数对吸收过程具有决定性的控制作用 ,Pe数越大 ,传热对动量和质量传递的影响越强。     

降膜蒸发管内插往复螺旋强化传热实验研究

为有效解决降膜蒸发器加热管中传热效率与结垢问题,提出了一种降膜蒸发管内插往复螺旋强化传热技术,强化管内插螺旋运动与管壁碰撞过程。实验研究内插螺旋的结构参数、螺旋往复行程,以及热通量、蒸发压力以及溶液喷淋密度等工艺参数对降膜蒸发过程传热性能影响。实验结果表明,此技术的除垢防垢性能及传热性能优于空管及单纯的内插螺旋性能,在螺旋外径d=30 mm、螺距f=45 mm、丝径e=1.8 mm、往复行程H=100 mm时,其传热系数分别是空管和单纯的内插螺旋的2.08和1.26倍。通过对管内蒸发侧传热系数进行分析,总结得到与热通量、蒸发压力以及溶液喷淋密度相关的降膜蒸发传热系数关联式。     

Experimental laminar falling film heat transfer coefficients on a large diameter horizontal tube

A test rig was designed and fabricated to measure local heat transfer coefficients from a large-diameter, steam-heated horizontal tube to thin falling films of water. The results of the experiments generally support the theory developed by Rogers for laminar film conditions, which were found to persist up to film Reynolds numbers of about 2000. Agreement between theoretical predictions of heat transfer coefficients and the measured values is reasonable for the thermal boundary layer development region, but measured values are about 20% lower than predicted values in the developed region. The lower values in the developed region are attributed mainly to measured film thicknesses being greater than predicted values.     

微波强化液桥式螺旋降膜蒸发器数值模拟

微波加热薄膜蒸发技术在促进极性/非极性混合物分离领域潜力巨大,但仍面临着能源利用效率低和加热不均的挑战,而电场分布不均是其根本原因,但影响电场分布的因素十分复杂且不可控,因此,从蒸发器结构及流体流动形式视角出发可为解决微波能高效利用的瓶颈提供新思路。为此本文提出了液桥式螺旋降膜蒸发器,通过COMSOL建立三维模型并模拟计算了微波能强化蒸发器上的螺旋降膜流动与蒸发过程,以蒸发率和温度变异系数作为评价指标,探究液膜厚度、螺距、蒸发器直径、流量以及时间对微波能利用效率的影响规律,研究结果表明该种结构在一定微波入射功率下,液膜蒸发率可达29.26%,温度变异系数降至0.0867,为微波能强化蒸发分离装置的设计提供了依据。     

管形对水平管降膜圆周膜厚和Nusselt数的影响

针对海水淡化系统的水平管降膜蒸发,建立了二维数值模型,分析了光滑圆管和6种不同截面形状的蛋形管外降膜流动及传热特性。采用VOF方法考察了不同管型对管外液膜分布和传热特性的影响。数值结果表明:蛋形管外液体沿周向流动较圆管稍快,且可获得更均匀更薄的液膜;液膜厚度随半轴比ε增大而减小,随周向先逐渐减小后迅速增加,圆管和蛋形管的液膜最小值分别出现在周向相对坐标0.69和0.70~0.84附近。蛋形管的膜内量纲1温度较圆管的小,其热边界层厚度较薄,具有更好的传热性能。拟合数据得到,ε为2.4的蛋形管具有最好的传热性能,其Nusselt数可达0.32,较圆管的高出12.68%。最后,将数值模拟结果与文献中的数据进行了对比,验证了数值模型的可行性和合理性。     

Numerical study on falling film flowing characteristics of R113 inside vertical tube under different structural conditions

To develop an appropriate falling film evaporation device for organic fluid cogeneration, a numerical study on the gas–liquid two-phase counter-current flow characteristics of R113 inside a vertical tube under different structural conditions was conducted using the Fluent software. The effects of the tube length, tube diameter, and annular gap on the falling film flow characteristics were determined, respectively. The results indicated that under a certain spray density, the falling film thickness in the region of the steady section was almost constant with different structural parameters for the tube diameter, tube length, and annular gap. In addition, a smaller tube diameter resulted in a steadier film flow. When the tube diameter decreased to a specific value, the film thickness showed a uniform distribution along the wall surface. This indicated that a best falling tube diameter exists. Meanwhile, the film fluctuation was enhanced with an increase in the tube length. When the tube length was greater than 1.2 m, the falling film splashed and could not completely wet the wall surface. The film fluctuation was enhanced by decreasing the annular gap, and the film could not be formed when the annular gap was smaller than 1.2 mm.     

低Reynolds数下水平管降膜滴状流动的实验研究

为了充分了解水平管降膜滴状流动现象,以水为实验流体,采用高速高清摄像仪对不同管距下水平管降膜滴状流动进行了可视化的实验研究。实验观察了低Reynolds数Re≤200、管间距s≤40 mm 范围内的管间滴状流动过程。根据流动形态的特征,将滴状流动划分为堆积滴状流、不完全滴状流、吊坠滴状流、完全滴状流和不完全回缩滴状流。依据实验结果,绘制了滴状流动形态分区图。提出了分离长度的概念,并讨论了流量对分离长度的影响。研究了低Reynolds数下液滴流动的滴落点间距与流量的关系。结果表明,滴状流的管间流动形态不仅受流量的影响,同时也受管间距的影响。分离长度随着Re的增大呈两段式线性增大。液滴流动的滴落点间距在Re≤100范围内随Re增大而减小,在100<Re≤200范围内趋于平稳。此外,分别建立了分离长度和滴落点间距与Re的关系式。     

Experimental investigation of maldistribution in vertical plate falling film tower

Falling film towers are popular in process industries due to moderate air side pressure drop, less energy ingesting liquid distribution and easy cleanup features. Two major limitations of falling film towers are the uneven distribution of liquid across solid surfaces (maldistribution) and contraction of falling liquid film on the solid surface (poor wetting). Maldistribution of liquid is primarily dependent on the type of liquid distributor and scope of liquid flow (slit opening) across solid surfaces. In the current communication; the influence of liquid distributor on maldistribution problem for vertical plate falling film tower has been experimentally investigated. Four types of liquid distributors: plain tube, spray nozzle, perforated plate, and branch tube distributor have been tested. Effect of parameters: slit opening, liquid flow rate, and the number of plates on maldistribution are also explored. It is found that branch tube distributor is best suited for vertical plate falling film tower application.     

A study of film thickness and hydrodynamic entrance length in liquid laminar film flow along a vertical tube

The liquid film thickness and hydrodynamic entrance length in a vertical tube was studied experimentally and numerically. Measurements using distilled water, 30 wt % MEA and 40 wt % sugar solutions were carried out to investigate the effects of liquid flow rate on the formation of the liquid film. The experimental results validate the new Navier‐Stokes based equation in cylindrical coordinates (Eq. 16) and the volume of fluid (VOF) model giving a competitively high prediction of the liquid film thickness especially in the low Reynolds number region. In addition, a new empirical model and an improved minimal surface model have been first proposed for calculation of the hydrodynamic entrance length, with a relatively reasonable average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 3.03% and 6.83%, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the hydrodynamic entry length on the gas–liquid interfacial area calculated by the improved minimal surface model were comprehensively studied, and can be ignored if the ratio of the liquid film length (y) and the hydrodynamic entrance length (λ_E) is lower than 10. However, it should be noted that the hydrodynamic entrance length cannot be ignored in packed columns in which the liquid flow is very complex due to the packings with different structures and materials. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2078–2088, 2018     

水平管降膜蒸发器的传热性能

在换热面积为2.375m2的水平管降膜蒸发试验平台上,采用5052铝合金管作为换热管,以实际海水为原料,进行了低温多效海水淡化中水平管降膜蒸发器传热性能研究试验。研究了料液喷淋密度、管外蒸发温度、总传热温差、海水盐度以及管内蒸汽中不凝气含量等因素对海水淡化过程降膜蒸发器总传热系数的影响。结果表明,在试验条件范围内,总传热系数随着料液喷淋密度和管外蒸发温度的升高而增加,随着传热温差的增大而降低;冷凝侧有不凝气存在时,总传热系数下降幅度较大;海水浓度对传热系数影响较小;在控制不凝气含量的条件下,传热系数在3500W/(m2?℃)以上。试验结果为海水淡化的工程设计和生产优化提供了依据。     

水平管外降膜蒸发的传热实验

为了提高水平管降膜蒸发的传热性能,提出了在水平管间增加肋板结构来强化传热。研究了以蒸馏水为介质的水平管外降膜蒸发的传热性能,结果表明,管外降膜蒸发传热系数随传热喷淋密度、传热温差和管间肋板宽度的增大而增大,随管径的增大而减小。     

基于气提效应的竖管内降膜蒸发器性能研究：水力学特性

降膜蒸发器具有传热速率高、持液量小、无静液柱引起的沸点上升等特点,适用于小温差传热,但系统需要一个循环泵。本文提出采用蒸汽输送液体的新型降膜蒸发模式来实现无泵循环,使系统结构更为简单、紧凑,可靠性更高。利用现已广泛使用的弹状流输送理论建立输送单元数学模型,研究其水力学特性。结果表明本新型气提输送降膜蒸发器在蒸汽引入率为0.3%～5%时即可实现弹状流的稳定输送。对每一个输送流量,存在一个最大扬程和最小吸程。且在相同液相表观速度下,最大扬程对应最小吸程。