FP/QDA法在无糖酸奶感官性质分析中的比较

分别利用Flash Profile(FP)法和定量描述分析(QDA)法对4种市售无糖酸奶进行了描述性分析.FP法中10名未经训练的和QDA法中6名经过培训的感官评价员分别建立感官描述词,对所有样品进行感官特征评价,并对得到的数据进行了方差分析、主成分分析和系统聚类分析.结果 表明,两种方法都能将样品合理分类,但所分类别...     

Variation in Flavor and Textural Descriptions of Cooked Steaks from Bovine m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum from Different Production and Aging Regimes

ABSTRACT: Free choice profiling (FCP) and generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) were used to assess flavor differences in cooked bovine m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) steaks sourced wholesale or from steers fed the same diet. Wholesale steaks were from LTL muscles that were either unaged or aged for 93 d with high or low visible marbling from old and young grass- and grain-finished cattle. The GPA of this sensory data showed that the 1st dimension contrasted grass- and grain-finished beef and accounted for 44.1% of the total variance, whereas the 2nd dimension contrasted unaged and aged beef and accounted for 22.9% of the variance. GPA was also used to assess flavor variation in cooked LTL steaks aged 4 or 14 d postmortem from 10 steers finished on the same diet, and the 1st 2 dimensions accounted for 39% of the total variance. Univariate analysis of beef aroma, flavor intensity, tenderness, and juiciness showed only tenderness increased with aging ( P = 0.041) and Duncan's multiple comparison test on all FCP data indicated that aging beef up to 14 d shifted beef sensory characteristics toward increased tenderness, juiciness, and fatty flavor. The results of these studies showed that distinct flavors exist in beef from cattle finished in different production systems and that there is less variation in the flavor of beef from steers produced on the same farm than in beef available for general retail.     

Comparison of aroma characteristics of 16 fish species by sensory evaluation and gas chromatographic analysis

The aroma properties of fish broths prepared from 16 fish species (10 saltwater, three freshwater, two anadromous and one brackish water species) were described quantitatively by reference to 10 sensory attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of sensory attributes classified the fish into four groups. Group 1, characterised by a strong ‘green’ odour, comprised all three freshwater species (loach, pond smelt and carp), two saltwater whitefish species (snapper and conger) and eel. Group 2 included migratory coastal species (sardine, banded blue‐sprat and mackerel) and was distinguished by strong ‘fish oil’ and ‘grilled fish’ notes. Group 3 consisted of swordfish, sablefish and salmon, which exhibited a strong ‘fried chicken’ note. Group 4 included flounder, cod, tuna and goby, which were scored high for ‘cooked fish’, ‘roasted soy sauce’, ‘canned tuna’ and ‘sweet’ aromas. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models derived from selected influential peaks in the gas chromatograms of the volatile components in the broths for each attribute were highly predictive (R² ≥ 0.936). The selected peaks corresponded well to each sensory attribute. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

猕猴桃感官评定与质地剖面分析的相关性

为确定猕猴桃质地的仪器测试方法是否反映人的真实感官,本研究以3种猕猴桃(海沃德、秦美、徐香)为对象,进行感官评定与质地剖面分析指标间的相关性分析。结果表明:3个品种猕猴桃的感官评定与质地剖面分析指标间广泛存在相关性,但相关系数不高(|r|=0.002~0.807)。采用逐步回归分析建立各感官指标的多参数预测模型,发现感官指标预测值与实际值的相关系数均有不同程度提高。预测模型中海沃德、秦美、徐香猕猴桃感官指标预测值与实际值间的相关系数分别为0.377~0.782、0.370~0.895和0.490~0.764。在预测模型的检验中,以总体可接受度为评定标准,其平均相对误差分别为10.04%(海沃德)、9.78%(秦美)和11.09%(徐香)。本研究结果证明利用多质构指标融合可以建立与感官评定更好地相关性。     

Validation of a Combi Oven Cooking Method for Preparation of Chicken Breast Meat for Quality Assessment

ABSTRACT: Quality assessment results of cooked meat can be significantly affected by sample preparation with different cooking techniques. A combi oven is a relatively new cooking technique in the U.S. market. However, there was a lack of published data about its effect on quality measurements of chicken meat. Broiler breast fillets deboned at 24‐h postmortem were cooked with one of the 3 methods to the core temperature of 80 °C. Cooking methods were evaluated based on cooking operation requirements, sensory profiles, Warner–Bratzler (WB) shear and cooking loss. Our results show that the average cooking time for the combi oven was 17 min compared with 31 min for the commercial oven method and 16 min for the hot water method. The combi oven did not result in a significant difference in the WB shear force values, although the cooking loss of the combi oven samples was significantly lower than the commercial oven and hot water samples. Sensory profiles of the combi oven samples did not significantly differ from those of the commercial oven and hot water samples. These results demonstrate that combi oven cooking did not significantly affect sensory profiles and WB shear force measurements of chicken breast muscle compared to the other 2 cooking methods. The combi oven method appears to be an acceptable alternative for preparing chicken breast fillets in a quality assessment.     

预处理对压差闪蒸干燥丰水梨脆片品质及微观结构的影响

为研究预处理方式对丰水梨压差闪蒸干燥的影响,以丰水梨为原料,探讨热烫预处理、深冻预处理、柠檬酸浸渍预处理和果葡糖浆浸渍预处理对丰水梨干燥产品色泽、硬度、脆度、复水性、感官、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、总糖含量、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、抗坏血酸含量和微观结构等的影响。结果表明：适当的热烫预处理有利于干燥产品感官品质的提高;深冻预处理虽有助于产品总酚和抗坏血酸的保留,但其硬度较小,膨化效果不明显;柠檬酸浸渍预处理的硬度较大,可滴定酸含量最高,口感偏酸,感官评价喜好度为中等;果葡糖浆浸渍预处理有助于增加干燥产品可溶性固形物和总糖含量,但其硬度较大,脆度较小,失去商品性质。综合比较,热烫处理是丰水梨压差闪蒸干燥较适宜的预处理方式。