钢箱梁斜拉桥锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的试验研究

斜拉桥的索梁锚固结构受力集中、构造复杂。介绍了锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的特点及其在大跨斜拉桥中的应用,通过对广东湛江海湾大桥锚拉板式索梁锚固结构进行足尺模型静力试验,得到静力荷载作用下锚拉板式索梁锚固结构各测点应力。结合有限元分析和模型试验结果,分析了锚固结构的应力分布及传力机理,锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的设计方案及制造工艺得到了验证。根据Von.Mises强度理论,对锚固结构的承载能力做出了评价,得出一些有益的结论。     

多自由度等效力控制拟动力子结构试验研究

该文以三层框支配筋砌块短肢砌体剪力墙子结构足尺模型为基础,将等效力控制方法应用到试验子结构为多自由度结构模型的拟动力子结构试验中,通过数值模拟和试验结果,表明该方法具有很好的鲁棒性,可以完成试验子结构为多自由度复杂试验模型的拟动力子结构试验。     

大型空间环模器热沉管网动态仿真技术

建立了大型空间环境模拟器热沉管网动态数学模型，介绍了热沉管网动态仿真技术的算法及软件结构，利用本文的软件对国内最大的空间环境模拟器热沉进行了动态仿真研究，并将结果与此前根据不考虑温度分布对流量分配影响的数学模型得到的仿真结果进行了对比，验证了该技术的可行性和先进性。     

An integrated approach to evaluate policies for controlling traffic law violations

Modeling dynamics of the driver behavior is a complex problem. In this paper a system approach is introduced to model and to analyze the driver behavior related to traffic law violations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This paper demonstrates how the theoretical relationships between different factors can be expressed formally, and how the resulting model can assist in evaluating potential benefits of various policies to control the traffic law violations Using system approach, an integrated dynamic simulation model is developed, and model is tested to simulate the driver behavior for violating traffic laws during 2002-2007 in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The dynamic simulation model attempts to address the questions: (1) “what” interventions should be implemented to reduce and eventually control traffic violations which will lead to improving road safety and (2) “how” to justify those interventions will be effective or ineffective to control the violations in different transportation conditions. The simulation results reveal promising capability of applying system approach in the policy evaluation studies.     

Dynamic fault tree analysis using Monte Carlo simulation in probabilistic safety assessment

Traditional fault tree (FT) analysis is widely used for reliability and safety assessment of complex and critical engineering systems. The behavior of components of complex systems and their interactions such as sequence- and functional-dependent failures, spares and dynamic redundancy management, and priority of failure events cannot be adequately captured by traditional FTs. Dynamic fault tree (DFT) extend traditional FT by defining additional gates called dynamic gates to model these complex interactions. Markov models are used in solving dynamic gates. However, state space becomes too large for calculation with Markov models when the number of gate inputs increases. In addition, Markov model is applicable for only exponential failure and repair distributions. Modeling test and maintenance information on spare components is also very difficult. To address these difficulties, Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is used in this work to solve dynamic gates. The approach is first applied to a problem available in the literature which is having non-repairable components. The obtained results are in good agreement with those in literature. The approach is later applied to a simplified scheme of electrical power supply system of nuclear power plant (NPP), which is a complex repairable system having tested and maintained spares. The results obtained using this approach are in good agreement with those obtained using analytical approach. In addition to point estimates of reliability measures, failure time, and repair time distributions are also obtained from simulation. Finally a case study on reactor regulation system (RRS) of NPP is carried out to demonstrate the application of simulation-based DFT approach to large-scale problems.     

Dynamic characteristic prediction of multistage gear-cylinder transmission system

Dynamic behavior of gear-cylinder directly affecting the printing quality and efficiency is one of the key elements in offset printing. In order to study the problem of ink bar and ghosting caused by excessive vibration, a new model taking into account a variety of key physical factors is developed to predict the dynamic characteristics of a gear-cylinder system using the lumped parameter method. An appropriate mathematical tool is utilized to describe the meshing stiffness and transmission error function, thereby deducing the equations of motion with 16 degrees of freedom. In addition, the partial differential equation of sensitivity analysis in matrix form is obtained after the completion of formula transformation. The simulation results obtained from dynamic response and sensitivity analysis show that the proposed model is reliable enough to be used for dynamic characteristic prediction of a gear-cylinder system.     

Complex system reliability modelling with Dynamic Object Oriented Bayesian Networks (DOOBN)

Nowadays, the complex manufacturing processes have to be dynamically modelled and controlled to optimise the diagnosis and the maintenance policies. This article presents a methodology that will help developing Dynamic Object Oriented Bayesian Networks (DOOBNs) to formalise such complex dynamic models. The goal is to have a general reliability evaluation of a manufacturing process, from its implementation to its operating phase. The added value of this formalisation methodology consists in using the a priori knowledge of both the system's functioning and malfunctioning. Networks are built on principles of adaptability and integrate uncertainties on the relationships between causes and effects. Thus, the purpose is to evaluate, in terms of reliability, the impact of several decisions on the maintenance of the system. This methodology has been tested, in an industrial context, to model the reliability of a water (immersion) heater system.     

Complex system reliability modelling with Dynamic Object Oriented Bayesian Networks (DOOBN)

Nowadays, the complex manufacturing processes have to be dynamically modelled and controlled to optimise the diagnosis and the maintenance policies. This article presents a methodology that will help developing Dynamic Object Oriented Bayesian Networks (DOOBNs) to formalise such complex dynamic models. The goal is to have a general reliability evaluation of a manufacturing process, from its implementation to its operating phase. The added value of this formalisation methodology consists in using the a priori knowledge of both the system's functioning and malfunctioning. Networks are built on principles of adaptability and integrate uncertainties on the relationships between causes and effects. Thus, the purpose is to evaluate, in terms of reliability, the impact of several decisions on the maintenance of the system. This methodology has been tested, in an industrial context, to model the reliability of a water (immersion) heater system.     

Lumped-Element Dynamic Electro-Thermal model of a superconducting magnet

Modeling accurately electro-thermal transients occurring in a superconducting magnet is challenging. The behavior of the magnet is the result of complex phenomena occurring in distinct physical domains (electrical, magnetic and thermal) at very different spatial and time scales. Combined multi-domain effects significantly affect the dynamic behavior of the system and are to be taken into account in a coherent and consistent model.A new methodology for developing a Lumped-Element Dynamic Electro-Thermal (LEDET) model of a superconducting magnet is presented. This model includes non-linear dynamic effects such as the dependence of the magnet’s differential self-inductance on the presence of inter-filament and inter-strand coupling currents in the conductor. These effects are usually not taken into account because superconducting magnets are primarily operated in stationary conditions. However, they often have significant impact on magnet performance, particularly when the magnet is subject to high ramp rates.Following the LEDET method, the complex interdependence between the electro-magnetic and thermal domains can be modeled with three sub-networks of lumped-elements, reproducing the electrical transient in the main magnet circuit, the thermal transient in the coil cross-section, and the electro-magnetic transient of the inter-filament and inter-strand coupling currents in the superconductor. The same simulation environment can simultaneously model macroscopic electrical transients and phenomena at the level of superconducting strands.The model developed is a very useful tool for reproducing and predicting the performance of conventional quench protection systems based on energy extraction and quench heaters, and of the innovative CLIQ protection system as well.     

钢箱梁斜拉桥索梁锚固区的抗疲劳性能试验研究

广东湛江海湾大桥采用锚拉板式索梁锚固结构,锚拉板式锚固结构存在严重应力集中,特别是在运营活载作用下的抗疲劳性能值得关注。介绍了锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的特点及其在大跨斜拉桥中的应用,对湛江海湾大桥锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的足尺模型疲劳试验进行介绍,结合理论分析和疲劳试验结果,研究循环荷载作用下锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的抗疲劳性能,对锚拉板式索梁锚固结构耐久性做出了评价。     

Dynamic analysis of an axially moving sandwich beam with viscoelastic core

A development of the beam model of the axially moving sandwich continua with elastic faces and the core characterized by viscoelastic properties is presented in this paper. Two-parameter Kelvin–Voigt rheological model is used to describe material properties of the core. The Galerkin method is used to solve the governing partial differential equation. Dynamic analysis of the composite with two aluminum facings and a polyurethane core is carried out. The effect of the transport speed, the core thickness and the internal damping of the core material on the dynamic behavior of the system is investigated in undercrtitical and supercritical range of transport speed.     

A framework to integrate software behavior into dynamic probabilistic risk assessment

Software plays an increasingly important role in modern safety-critical systems. Although, research has been done to integrate software into the classical probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) framework, current PRA practice overwhelmingly neglects the contribution of software to system risk. Dynamic probabilistic risk assessment (DPRA) is considered to be the next generation of PRA techniques. DPRA is a set of methods and techniques in which simulation models that represent the behavior of the elements of a system are exercised in order to identify risks and vulnerabilities of the system. The fact remains, however, that modeling software for use in the DPRA framework is also quite complex and very little has been done to address the question directly and comprehensively. This paper develops a methodology to integrate software contributions in the DPRA environment. The framework includes a software representation, and an approach to incorporate the software representation into the DPRA environment SimPRA. The software representation is based on multi-level objects and the paper also proposes a framework to simulate the multi-level objects in the simulation-based DPRA environment. This is a new methodology to address the state explosion problem in the DPRA environment. This study is the first systematic effort to integrate software risk contributions into DPRA environments.     

Interaction of dynamic mode-I cracks with inclined interfaces

In this paper, we report on an experimental study of the deflection/penetration behavior of dynamic mode-I cracks propagating at two different crack velocities (slower and faster) toward inclined weak interfaces of three dissimilar angles (α): 30°, 45° and 60°. A simple wedge-loading specimen configuration as proposed by Xu et al. [Xu LR, Huang YY, Rosakis AJ. Dynamic crack deflection and penetration at interface in homogenous materials: experimental studies and model predictions. J Mech Phys Solids 2003;51:461-86], made of brittle Homalite-100, is used. A modified Hopkinson bar setup is used to achieve well-controlled impact loading conditions. Dynamic photoelasticity in conjunction with high-speed photography is used to capture real-time isochromatics associated with deflected/penetrated cracks.     

南京长江二桥南汊桥索梁锚固结构疲劳试验研究

南京长江二桥南汊桥的斜拉索与钢箱梁的锚固采用了锚箱式索梁锚固结构,其受力复杂,特别在运营活载作用下的疲劳性能值得关注。介绍了该索梁锚固结构的足尺模型疲劳试验,在理论分析和试验研究结果的基础上,分析了该索梁锚固结构在循环荷载作用下的疲劳性能,得出一些有益的结论。     

Assessment of human–machine interface design for a Chinese nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a complex system but requires high reliability. The human–machine interface (HMI) design plays very important role in reactor safety. This paper describes an assessment on HMI design of a Chinese NPP, using a software system named Dynamic Interaction Analysis Support (DIAS). DIAS can give not only quantitative indices for dynamically assessing the HMI design, but also allow modify the values of these indices by taking into account human error probability during specified emergent operation procedures. The operation procedures dealing with postulated accidents and transients recorded from a full-scale plant simulator in the training center of a Chinese NPP were selected as references. According to the results of simulation and analysis, the potential problems in the HMI design and the operation procedures were detected. Suggestions to improve the HMI design and the operation procedures were addressed.     

一类航天复杂结构计算机—试验辅助建模研究

基于计算和试验相结合的系统建模方法,以某航天器仪器舱结构为例,应用MSC／NASTRAN有限元计算工具和LMS－CADA／X动态试验分析系统,进行了计算机－试验辅助建模（CTAM）。针对这一类航天复杂结构建模过程的具体问题,提出了相应的解决办法,相关性检验分析结果MAC验证了该方法的有效性。     

Study of the effect of grain size on the dynamic mechanical properties of microalloyed steels

In the present paper the effect of grain refinement on the dynamic response of ultra fine-grained (UFG) structures for C–Mn and HSLA steels is investigated. A physically based flow stress model (Khan-Huang-Liang, KHL) was used to predict the mechanical response of steel structures over a wide range of strain rates and grain sizes. However, the comparison was restricted to the bcc ferrite structures. In previous work [K. Muszka, P.D. Hodgson, J. Majta, A physical based modeling approach for the dynamic behavior of ultra fine-grained structures, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 177 (2006) 456–460] it was shown that the KHL model has better accuracy for structures with a higher level of refinement (below 1 μm) compared to other flow stress models (e.g. Zerrili-Armstrong model). In the present paper, simulation results using the KHL model were compared with experiments. To provide a wide range of the experimental data, a complex thermomechanical processing was applied. The mechanical behavior of the steels was examined utilizing quasi-static tension and dynamic compression tests. The application of the different deformation histories enabled to obtain complex microstructure evolution that was reflected in the level of ferrite refinement.     

A New Platform for Modeling Ferroelectric Devices

High-performance models are required during the design (phase) of sensing devices in order to take their physical behavior into account and to include these models in calculations and simulations aimed at optimizing the performance of devices in fixed operating conditions. In this paper, the problem of model fitting for ferroelectric devices is addressed; in particular, a model of the behavior of a ferroelectric capacitor is accomplished. The static behavior of such devices is investigated, and an experimental setup for both characterization and model estimation is proposed. The model obtained is assessed, and the uncertainty introduced by the measurement system is estimated     

Dynamic mechanical characterization of asphalt concrete mixes with modified asphalt binders

The primary objective of this work is to characterize and compare the dynamic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete mixes with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) polymer and crumb rubber modified asphalt binders with the behavior of mixes with unmodified viscosity grade asphalt binders. Asphalt binders are characterized for their physical and rheological properties. Simple performance tests like dynamic modulus, dynamic and static creep tests are carried out at varying temperatures and time. Dynamic modulus master curves constructed using numerical optimization technique is used to explain the time and temperature dependency of modified and unmodified asphalt binder mixes. Creep parameters estimated through regression analysis explained the permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixes. From the dynamic mechanical characterization studies, it is found that asphalt concrete mixes with SBS polymer modified asphalt binder showed significantly higher values of dynamic modulus and reduced rate of deformation at higher temperatures when compared to asphalt concrete mixes with crumb rubber and unmodified asphalt binders. From the concept of energy dissipation, it is found that SBS polymer modification substantially reduces the energy loss at higher temperatures. Multi-factorial analysis of variance carried out using generalized liner model showed that temperature, frequency and asphalt binder type significant influences the mechanical response of asphalt concrete mixes. The mechanical response of SBS polymer modified asphalt binders are significantly correlated with the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete mixes.     

结构多轴抗震试验加载系统开发及控制策略研究

开发基于液压伺服作动器的高性能三自由度结构动力试验加载系统,该系统特点为控制精确、功能全面。建立力控制下位移加载混合控制方法,提出拟静力试验中多作动器耦合控制策略。以足尺钢结构立柱为试件,研究应用三自由度结构动力试验系统进行拟静力试验与混合试验具体方法,验证该试验系统在结构动力试验中应用的可行性、有效性。结果表明,通过对多作动器的耦合控制,该试验系统可在拟静力试验中同时实现对立柱试件恒定的竖向力控制及精确剪切型加载。通过基于α-OS法的混合试验证明该加载系统可精确模拟单柱子结构复杂边界条件,对整体坐标与作动器局部坐标变换,可实现多作动器位移协调加载。该结论可推广至多自由度试验系统研究中。