氢氧化钠预处理对甘蔗渣酶解和发酵性能的影响

采用氢氧化钠预处理甘蔗渣,通过单因素和正交试验考察了不同预处理条件对甘蔗渣酶解和发酵性能的影响,并进一步分析了比表面积和木质素含量对酶解性能的影响。结果表明：预处理温度、氢氧化钠质量分数及预处理时间对酶解和发酵效率影响较为显著,最佳的预处理条件为：温度85℃、时间11 h、NaOH质量分数4.5%,在此优化条件下预处理的甘蔗渣,含纤维素56.46%,与原料相比提高了46.16%;半纤维素20.30%、Klason木质素5.79%,与原料相比分别降低了15.77%和72.87%,酶解36 h的还原糖得率为0.69 g/g（以甘蔗渣质量计）。经过氢氧化钠预处理后的甘蔗渣比表面积显著增加（由原料的0.07 m²/g最大可增加到1.07 m²/g）,木质素显著降低,有利于提高酶解和发酵效率。当比表面积超过0.30 m²/g时,酶解初始速率和酶解效率达到平衡;当木质素低于11%时,酶解效率达到平衡。     

化学法预处理麦秸纤维素的效果比较研究

以麦秸纤维素为主要原料,经机械法粉碎后,室温下分别采用氢氧化钠、硫酸/丙酮、氢氧化钠/过氧化氢、氢氧化钠/过氧乙酸、氢氧化钠/乙醇溶液对其进行预处理,然后按固液比1∶50加入纤维素酶液,在一定pH值、温度、时间等条件下进行酶解,通过检测酶解液中还原糖产率来评价化学法预处理麦秸纤维素的效果。结果表明,采用氢氧化钠/过氧化氢溶液预处理麦秸纤维素的效果要略优于其它预处理溶液。     

超临界二氧化碳及超声预处理促进玉米芯水解制备还原糖研究

以玉米芯为原料,使用超临界二氧化碳及超声预处理后,再用稀酸水解制备还原糖。重点考察了预处理温度、原料含水量以及超声作用时间对还原糖产率的影响。结果表明,超临界二氧化碳预处理最佳条件为:100℃,原料含水量 50%、 30 min、 15 MPa;超声预处理最佳条件为:59 kHz、 90 W、 20 min;采用质量分数为 1% 稀硫酸溶液对预处理样品进行水解,水解温度 160℃、 时间 40 min、 液固比50:1,以评价预处理的效果,两种预处理条件下对应的最大还原糖产率分别为 39.5% 和 38.4%,相比空白样品分别提高13.3和12.2个百分点。     

正交试验优化稻草粉酶解的甘油预处理工艺

目的:探讨甘油预处理对稻草粉酶解效果的影响。方法:采用正交实验法,以液固比、甘油质量分数、甘油预处理时间为因素,考查对还原糖浓度的影响。结果:甘油质量分数为70%,液固比为20∶1,甘油预处理时间为3d时,其对应的还原糖浓度为297.34μg/m L。结论:甘油预处理方法对稻草粉酶解效果有较为显著的影响。     

预处理蔗渣纤维素水解糖化研究

采用两段稀酸水解法对用质量分数为5%氢氧化钠溶液预处理后的蔗渣进行了水解糖化研究,考察了液固比、硫酸体积分数、反应时间及催化剂硫酸亚铁对葡萄糖得率及纤维素水解率的影响。结果表明:第一段主要是半纤维素水解,以及少量纤维素水解,最优条件为液固比10 mL/g,硫酸体积分数3%,在121℃下反应3 h,葡萄糖得率为22.16%,纤维素水解率为25.98%;对残渣继续第二段水解,最优条件为液固比8 mL/g,硫酸体积分数为8%,硫酸亚铁质量分数1%,在121℃下反应5.5 h,葡萄糖得率为41.05%,纤维素水解率为56.36%;采用两段稀酸水解法水解蔗渣,葡萄糖总得率为52.68%,纤维素总水解率为67.70%。     

酸水解法分离玉米芯中五碳糖和六碳糖的动力学

以玉米芯为底物,采用间歇反应釜,在固液比为0.1 g/mL,一定硫酸浓度(质量分数为0.1%~0.9%)和温度(130~170℃)下反应,建立酸水解动力学模型,通过非线性回归拟合获得模型参数。结果表明:较低温度和硫酸浓度可增大五糖碳收率和玉米芯中六碳糖保留率。合适的反应条件为130℃,H2SO4的质量分数为0.1%,反应82 min时,溶液中五碳糖浓度为36.2 g/L,五糖碳收率为90.7%,玉米芯中戊聚糖水解率为97.6%,六碳糖保留率为96.9%。     

微波辅助棉花秸秆稀酸水解糖化工艺研究

采用微波辅助稀酸法对棉花秸秆进行水解糖化。探索了微波辐射温度、微波辐射时间、料液比及硫酸浓度对秸秆水解糖化效果的影响。结果表明,微波辅助棉花秸秆稀酸水解糖化的最佳糖化工艺条件为:微波辐射温度80℃,微波辐射时间50min,料液比1∶16g/mL,硫酸浓度3.0%。各影响因素对还原糖收率的影响顺序为:料液比微波辐射温度硫酸浓度微波辐射时间。在最佳糖化工艺条件下,还原糖收率为3.17%。     

皇竹草稀硫酸预处理研究

研究了中低温稀酸预处理对皇竹草化学组成变化、纤维素酶水解得率与总糖得率的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对皇竹草纤维结构变化进行了分析.结果表明,随着硫酸浓度的增大、温度的升高和时间的延长,半纤维素含量大幅度降低,且预处理后纤维素酶水解得率也逐渐增大.较好的预处理条件为100 g皇竹草原料,在固液比1:5(g:mL)条件下,用质量分数4.0%硫酸在温度110 ℃下,经过8 h预处理后,纤维素保留率为87.48%,半纤维素水解率为93.68%,所得固体渣经纤维素酶水解72 h后得率为86.3%(纤维素酶用量40 FPIU/g,以纤维素质量计),100 g原料可得到总糖量为54.53 g.预处理后皇竹草纤维表面和细胞壁受到破坏,表面积增大,有利于纤维素酶水解作用的进行.     

玉米秸秆发酵生产乙醇的研究

以1.5%硫酸120℃处理60min、又被1%氢氧化钠80℃处理60min的玉米秸秆为底物。正交优化了利用其糖化液发酵产乙醇的条件,在温度34℃、酵母接种量4%(体积分数)、玉米浆加量0.4%(体积分数)的发酵条件下反应48h产生乙醇40.2g/L,纤维素乙醇转化率为86%。     

NaOH/AQ预处理对玉米秸秆脱木质素及酶解性能的影响

对玉米秸秆进行氢氧化钠/蒽醌（NaOH/AQ）去木质化预处理,考察了预处理温度、时间和NaOH用量对玉米秸秆脱木质素程度的影响,并探讨了脱木质素程度对提高预处理后物料酶解性能的影响。L₉（3⁴）正交试验得出较适宜预处理工艺条件为：温度160℃,时间60 min,NaOH用量（以绝干原料质量计）2.8%;其他条件为AQ用量0.05%,固液比1：5（g：mL）,此时木质素脱除率为75%,酶解后聚糖转化率达到73.79%。随着物料脱木质素程度的提高,其酶解效率相应增加;当木质素脱除率达到一定程度后,预处理后的聚糖转化率达到最大值,继续提高木质素脱除率,聚糖转化率反而降低。响应面优化的酶水解工艺条件为纤维素酶用量30 FPU/g,β-葡萄糖苷酶10 IU/g,反应时间72 h,温度50℃,底物质量分数2.5%,此时还原糖得率为85.62%。对酶解液进行HPLC分析,酶解液中的葡萄糖质量浓度为14.83 g/L,木糖质量浓度为4.83 g/L。XRD分析显示,预处理前后纤维素的晶型没有变化,而结晶度由31.40%提高至46.91%,表明物料中木质素和半纤维素发生了不同程度的溶出。     

Lower temperature hydrothermal pretreatment improves the anaerobic digestion performance of spent cow bedding

The anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of spent cow bedding was investigated with different hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) conditions. Spent cow bedding was pretreated with low temperatures (50, 70, and 90℃) and different pretreatment times (2-72 h) with ammonia and without ammonia. The results showed that spent cow bedding was a good raw material for AD. After pretreatment, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the group of hydrothermal pretreatments with ammonia (HPA) was higher than that in the HP group at the same pretreatment temperature and time. The optimal pretreatment condition was achieved with an HPA of 50℃ holding for 72 h. At the optimal condition, the highest concentration of VFAs was 1.58-10.85 times higher than that of the other pretreated groups. The highest hemicellulose and lignin removal rates were 58.07% and 10.32%, respectively. The highest methane yield was 163.0 ml·(g VS)^-1, which was 48.9% higher than that of the untreated group. The VFAs, pH, and reducing sugars showed positive relationships with the methane yield. Therefore, HP at low temperature can enhance the AD performance of spent cow bedding.     

吐温-80及碱预处理对饲用稻草木质素含量和纤维素酶解产糖的影响

探讨了添加1‰吐温-80非离子表面活性剂和不同浓度碱预处理对稻草秸秆木质素及纤维素的影响,并对预处理前后的稻草进行了X射线衍射光谱(XRD)分析,从结晶度的变化综合分析了预处理对纤维素酶解的影响。实验结果表明:在30℃下添加1‰吐温-80非离子表面活性剂时,用4%NaOH预处理稻草秸秆,木质素含量降至6.5%(较未处理稻草下降了41.9%),灰分值仅占6.9%,具有较好的粗饲料价值;在121℃(0.1 MPa)下添加1‰吐温-80非离子表面活性剂时,用4%NaOH预处理稻草秸秆,木质素含量降至2.8%(较未处理稻草下降了74.5%),酶解还原糖达到393.9 mg/g,纤维素糖化率为59.3%(较未处理稻草提高了2.4倍)。XRD分析显示,在较温和的条件下,低浓度碱预处理稻草秸秆,对纤维素结晶区带来的影响相对于无定形区弱,不足以引起纤维素结晶度的降低。     

Influence of pretreatment conditions on composition of liquid hydrolysate and subsequent enzymatic saccharification of remaining solids

In the present work, the effect of dilute acid pretreatment was studied on the composition of liquid hydrolysate obtained after pretreatment by employing different combinations of process variables (temperature, time and acid concentration). The effect of pretreatment was also studied on subsequent enzymatic saccharification of remaining solids to obtain maximum yield of sugars. The efficiency of pretreatment was measured in terms of high‐xylose and low‐glucose yields, which was found most suitable at pretreatment conditions of 120°C, 120 min and 2% (v/v) acid concentration. With increased severity of pretreatment, xylose yield decreased with concomitant increase in glucose yield. The decrease in xylose yield was attributed to conversion into degradation products such as 5‐hydroxylmethyl furfural (HMF) and acetic acid. The percentage of enzymatic saccharification increased with increased pretreatment severity. Saccharification of biomass pretreated at 180°C, 7 min and 0.5% (v/v) acid concentration produced the maximum glucose yield of saccharification of 352 g/kg dry matter, compared to just 97 g glucose/kg dry matter in the case of untreated biomass. The same pretreatment conditions resulted in maximum total sugar yield of pretreatment and saccharification of 459 g/kg dry matter, which was more than 67% of the total potential sugars in biomass. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Q_（235）钢铁基件化学镀铜前处理的工艺研究

文章对Q235钢铁基件化学镀铜前处理的工艺进行了研究,得到了除油、除锈和一次性除油除锈的优化工艺。实验结果表明：（1）碱性除油的优化配方工艺是：NaOH：40~50 g/L,无水Na2CO3：40~50 g/L,Na3PO4：40~50 g/L,温度：80~100℃,时间：3~5 min;（2）采用浓度为10%H2SO4并加入适量的金属缓蚀剂若丁,除锈效果良好;（3）在盐酸、硫酸混合酸中添加表面活性剂OP-10和甜菜碱,可以制成效果良好的一次性除油除锈溶液。其优化的配方工艺是：盐酸180 mL/L、硫酸100 mL/L、OP-10 10 mL/L、甜菜碱5%,搅拌时间5~8 min。     

Evaluation of the effects of operational parameters in the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with diluted sulfuric acid using analysis of variance

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic residues has been extensively studied as a method to disrupt the cellulose–hemicelluloses–lignin complex in biomass to access the sugars in their respective components. In this work, we carried out a study using sulfuric acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by varying the following operational parameters: solid loading (10–30% of bagasse relative to the volume of the sulfuric acid solution), sulfuric acid concentration (0.5–2.5% relative to the dry mass of bagasse), reaction time (5–25?min), and temperature (135–195°C). The obtained solids from each pretreatment condition were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis under the same process conditions: 0.232?g of Celluclast 1.5?L and 0.052?g of Novozym 188 per g of pretreated sugarcane bagasse, 72?h of hydrolysis, and 200?rpm of agitation at 50°C. Using central composite rotational design configuration in the experiments and analysis of variance, the results indicate that the conditions that produced larger quantities of glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis (0.35?g glucose/g pulp) with minimum amounts of degradation products were as follows: 20% solids loading, 15?min of reaction time, 1.5% sulfuric acid, and a minimum temperature of reaction of 170°C.     

甘蔗渣的酸催化常压甘油有机溶剂预处理及其酶解

预处理可以打破木质纤维素原料纤维素、半纤维素和木质素三大组分间的顽抗结构,从而提升纤维素基质可酶解性。本文针对目前常压甘油有机溶剂预处理花费时间过长的问题,尝试开展酸催化的常压甘油有机溶剂预处理研究以缩短预处理时间。实验通过单因素选择和响应面Box-Behnken设计优化,获得酸催化常压甘油有机溶剂预处理的最佳条件为：预处理温度245℃,预处理时间38min,硫酸添加质量0.1%。在此条件下获得基质48h酶解率的响应面预测值为94.0%,实际值为91.4%。结果表明响应面优化方案和回归模型适用于本实验,预处理显著提高了基质可酶解性。高浓度基质（15%～20%）酶解进一步证明了预处理后基质具有突出的可酶解性,20%浓度基质在酶载量5FPU/g干基质条件下批次酶解72h,酶解率达60%,葡萄糖浓度达83.4g/L。酸催化常压甘油有机溶剂酸预处理在明显缩短预处理时间的同时,能显著提高木质纤维素基质可酶解性,使后续工业化意义的浓醪酶解糖化成为可能。