Application of lithium ion phosphate battery in 110 kV substation DC power system

本项目选用了两种不同的电池管理模式对磷酸铁锂电池组进行管理,并将组装好的两套电池组应用于110 kV变电站直流系统的日常运行.运行结果表明,磷酸铁锂电池可以在变电站替代铅酸蓄电池使用,并且可以浮充运行;运行过程中,单体电池的电压会由于电池充电态的变化下降或上升;单体电池的内阻呈现先下降再上升的变化;电池组的放电容量随着运行时间的延长出现每年3%左右的衰减(浮充电压为3.6 V);合适的电池管理模式能将电池组内单体电池的电压差保持在较小的范围,有利于电池组长寿命的运行.     

混合动力汽车磷酸铁锂动力电池建模与SOC计算CSCD

为了准确和方便地研究混合动力汽车中的磷酸铁锂动力电池的性能,基于Thevenin电池模型,考虑了温度对模型的影响,通过库仑计数法估算电池荷电状态（SOC）。针对该电池,通过HPPC试验识别电池模型参数,在Matlab/Simulink中建立物理仿真模型进行仿真计算。研究表明：所使用的Thevenin电池模型精度高,对比模拟和实测端电压结果,两者变化趋势基本相同,端电压平均误差为3.6 V,最大误差为12.6 V,占电池额定电压0.79%,能真实的模拟电池充放电特性;结合库仑计数法计算电池SOC,能有效控制SOC的估算值在高精度范围内。模拟SOC和实测SOC结果进行对比表明,SOC精度保持在3%以内。     

离网型超级电容储能的太阳能照明系统的设计

介绍了一种基于超级电容模块储能的独立太阳能照明系统的设计,包括储能模块、充电、稳压输出电路和光控微波探测延时电路,对设计的系统进行性能测试,取得了很好的预期效果,随着超级电容性能的提升和太阳电池性价比的不断提高,离网型太阳能照明系统有广阔的市场。     

Robust energy management strategy based on non-linear cascade control of fuel cells-super capacitors hybrid power system

The use of super capacitors as secondary sources in fuel cell power systems with adequate energy management strategy strongly contributes to increasing the lifespan of fuel cells by protecting them against sudden variations of the load current and improves the efficiency and the dynamics of the hybrid power system, thus obtained. This paper presents an innovative management strategy of fuel cells-super capacitors hybrid power system, based on a nonlinear control using an integral hysteresis sliding mode controller combined with two cascaded linear controllers. The hybrid power system consists of the fuel cells system, the super capacitors, two power converters, the energy management system and the load. The proposed technique takes into account the physical operating limits of the secondary source such as deep discharges and excessive overloads. Furthermore, the integral effect added to the hysteresis sliding mode controller improves the robustness against disturbances and variations in parameters such as filtering inductances and DC bus capacitors. A detailed model of the system is established and simulated in Matlab/Simulink software, which allows showing its behavior with a very satisfactory accuracy. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed control strategy insures efficient and safe energy transfer. In addition, the control robustness is very satisfactory despite the variation of the system parameters.     

基于DIgSILENT的风电储能系统建模与仿真

针对风电功率的随机波动性,采用储能系统改善风电机组的并网运行特性。文章分析了蓄电池储能系统的基本原理及其控制策略,并基于电磁/机电暂态混合仿真程序DIg SILENT/Power Factory搭建了对应的储能系统模型,将其配置在双馈型风电场出口母线的公共连接点处。分别在风速随机波动以及电网侧发生故障的工况下,研究所建储能系统的动态响应特性,结果表明,储能系统可以减小风电输出功率的波动对电网的影响,并能提高风电场并网的稳定性。     

Impact of wind power generating system integration on frequency stabilization in multi-area power system with fuzzy logic controller in deregulated environment

Among the available options for renewable energy integration in existing power system, wind power is being considered as one of the suited options for future electrical power generation. The major constraint of wind power generating system (WPGS) is that it does not provide inertial support because of power electronic converters between the grid and the WPGS to facilitate frequency stabilization. The proposed control strategy suggests a substantial contribution to system inertia in terms of short-term active power support in a two area restructured power system. The control scheme uses fuzzy logic based design and takes frequency deviation as input to provide quick active power support, which balances the drop in frequency and tie-line power during transient conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the wind power impact with increasing wind power penetration on frequency stabilization in restructured power system scenario. Variation of load conditions are also analyzed in simulation studies for the same power system model with the proposed control scheme. Simulation results advocates the justification of control scheme over other schemes.     

Automation infrastructure and operation control strategy in a stand-alone power system based on renewable energy sources

The design of the automation system and the implemented operation control strategy in a stand-alone power system in Greece are fully analyzed in the present study. A photovoltaic array and three wind generators serve as the system main power sources and meet a predefined load demand. A lead-acid accumulator is used to compensate the inherent power fluctuations (excess or shortage) and to regulate the overall system operation, based on a developed power management strategy. Hydrogen is produced by using system excess power in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and is further stored in pressurized cylinders for subsequent use in a PEM fuel cell in cases of power shortage. A diesel generator complements the integrated system and is employed only in emergency cases, such as subsystems failure. The performance of the automatic control system is evaluated through the real-time operation of the power system where data from the various subsystems are recorded and analyzed using a supervised data acquisition unit. Various network protocols were used to integrate the system devices into one central control system managing in this way to compensate for the differences between chemical and electrical subunits. One of the main advantages is the ability of process monitoring from distance where users can perform changes to system principal variables. Furthermore, the performance of the implemented power management strategy is evaluated through simulated scenarios by including a case study analysis on system abilities to meet higher than expected electrical load demands.     

基于复合控制的塔式太阳能跟踪控制装置设计

针对塔式太阳能热发电站中定日镜跟踪装置的跟踪精度不高、构建成本较大等问题,提出采用将遗传算法的选择机制与吸热塔能量变化的反馈机制相结合的方式对光热电站的太阳能跟踪控制系统进行改进.在光热电站的少数几台定日镜上配备光电检测元件,并以其控制角度为基准控制其他定日镜的角度调整.采用DSP(digital signal processing)为控制核心,完成了跟踪控制器的通讯框架及控制系统的硬件电路设计.实验表明,该方案在保证光热电站整体控制精度的基础上,减少了光电检测元件安装数量和电站构建成本,并保证了视日轨迹跟踪控制时的自动调整能力.     

基于双电池不平衡状态优化的风功率平滑控制

在双电池平滑风功率过程中,改善双电池充放电不平衡状态可以提高充放电深度,减少充放电状态切换次数.文章分析了双电池风功率平滑系统的充放电不平衡状态及其产生的原因,提出了一种改进控制策略,该策略可根据双电池荷电状态调整风功率平抑目标功率,以此改善双电池不平衡状态.基于Matlab/Simulink分析了风速湍流强度以及风功...     

基于改进粒子群算法的地区电网无功/电压实时优化控制

在建立无功/电压实时优化控制模型的基础上,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的地区电网无功/电压实时优化控制实现方法。该方法采用增量启动策略决定控制设备参与优化的程度;通过综合考虑负荷大小、限振系数与动作比例等因素模糊推理出表征动作代价的模糊控制成本,更加合理地限制和分配控制设备的动作次数;将粒子群算法与无功/电压控制特点相结合以改善初始粒子质量、缩小寻优空间并引入交叉算子提高算法的计算速度和效率。以某一实际地区电网为例进行无功/电压实时优化仿真计算,结果表明,所提算法和控制策略是可行和有效的。     

State‐of‐charge estimation of power lithium‐ion batteries based on an embedded micro control unit using a square root cubature Kalman filter at various ambient temperatures

The development of a novel method to estimate the state of charge (SOC) with low read‐only memory (ROM) occupancy, high stability, and high anti‐interference capability is very important for the battery management system (BMS) in actual electric vehicles. This paper proposes the square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) with a temperature correction rule, based on the BMS of a common on‐board embedded micro control unit (MCU), to achieve smooth estimation of SOC. The temperature correction rule is able to reduce the testing effort and ROM space used for data table storage (189.3 kilobytes is much smaller than the storage of the MPC5604B, with 1000 kilobytes), while the SRCKF is adopted to achieve highly robust real‐time SOC estimation with high resistance to interference and moderate computing cost (68.3% of the load rate of the MPC5604B). The results of multiple experiments show that the proposed method with less computational complexity converges rapidly (in approximately 2.5 s) and estimates the SOC of the battery accurately under dynamic temperature condition. Moreover, the SRCKF algorithm is not sensitive to the high measuring interference and highly nonlinear working conditions (even with 1% current and voltage measurement disturbances, the root mean square error of the proposed method can be as high as 0.679%).