乳制品废水作为微生物燃料电池底物的研究

用乳制品废水作为阳极室底物构建双室MFC反应器,厌氧池污泥混合菌作为生物催化剂,阴极室分别使用不同浓度的KMnO4溶液和溶解氧DO作为电子受体,调节MFC影响因子与该厌氧池对应,计算试验数据并与厌氧池废水处理效果进行比较,同时观察MFC的产电性能。结果表明:双室MFC的产电效率和稳定性随着阴极室KMnO4浓度的升高而提高;当溶解氧DO作为电子受体时,MFC产电性能较低,具有成本低、无污染的优点;经不同组MFC分别处理乳制品废水后,COD去除率均优于普通厌氧池的处理效果。     

基于广州市政垃圾渗滤液的MFC性能及阳极微生物分析

为了分离纯化可适应渗滤液极端环境的产电菌,以广州市白云区李坑和兴丰两处垃圾填埋场获取的渗滤液为底物运行微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell, MFC）,待稳定输出多个周期后剪取阳极碳布进行单菌落培养和电镜扫描。结果显示,各组渗滤液底物MFC均能成功启动。李坑四季样的MFC峰值电压分别为0.334、0.331、0.321、0.328 V;兴丰四季样的MFC峰值电压分别为0.512、0.54、0.523、0.536 V。对各组渗滤液底物微生物燃料电池的阳极进行菌株分离纯化并单菌落培养构建阳极微生物系统发育树,发现经过MFC驯化后的阳极菌株具有较高丰度和差异性;SEM扫描发现各组实验中菌株均吸附在阳极碳布上形成稳定的膜结构,根据产电呼吸的基本电子传递机制推测渗滤液底物MFC中的微生物通过与阳极直接接触来传递电子。     

膜生物反应器在造纸废水中的应用

膜生物反应器(MBR)是近年来发展起来的一种新型的废水处理工艺.介绍废水处理领域中的膜生物反应器的基本特点及国内外近年来利用膜生物反应器处理造纸等工业废水的研究成果,并对它用于制浆造纸废水处理的前景及存在的问题进行评述.     

微生物燃料电池数学模型的建立与仿真分析

微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC)是燃料电池中特殊的一类,它能在微生物的作用下将化学能转化为电能,实现污水处理和产电的双重效果。目前对于MFC的研究多处于实验阶段,由于MFC内部极其复杂,从实验角度准确研究其内部各种现象以及分析运行参数对MFC的影响具有相当大的难度。文章通过集成的生化反应,在Bultler-Volmer表达式以及质量/电荷平衡的基础上,在MATLAB仿真平台下建立了双室MFC系统的数学模型并对其进行仿真分析,具有极大的理论指导意义。     

微生物燃料电池同步回收污水中氮磷与产电研究

利用单室微生物燃料电池(MFC)进行了同步回收污水中氮、磷和产电的研究。MFC经过14d的启动达到稳定运行状态,输出电压最大达到559.2m V,COD去除率最大为92.2%,污水中氮、磷的最大回收率分别达到87.1%和88.3%,MFC内氮、磷的沉积是化学反应与电化学反应的协同作用过程。     

锌掺杂碳纳米管电极在微生物燃料电池中的应用

以锌掺杂碳纳米管电极为阳极,柔性石墨为阴极,葡萄糖为阳极室供给基质,构建双室微生物燃料电池(MFC),考察锌掺杂量、葡萄糖浓度、温度等因素对MFC产电性能及有机物降解率影响。结果表明,锌掺杂改性的碳纳米管,能加速阳极产电微生物膜形成,提高微生物膜产电能力。在外电阻2300Ω,葡萄糖浓度1257mg/L,Zn S掺杂量0.5 g,温度40℃时,MFC性能最佳,其最大输出电压为1030 m V,最大输出功率31.2 m W/m2,COD去除率92%。     

微生物燃料电池阳极材料研究进展

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）是一种新型的生物电化学装置,能将可生物降解有机物中的化学能直接转化成电能,而阳极材料性能是影响MFC性能的重要因素之一。通过对阳极材料进行改性和修饰可以有效地增大其比表面积、生物相容性等,以提高其微生物负载率和电子传递速率,进而提高MFC的产电性能。本文全面介绍和总结了近年来国内外关于微生物燃料电池阳极材料的研究进展,分析微生物燃料电池阳极材料在规模放大应用中存在的问题,并对微生物燃料电池阳极材料今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

老龄垃圾渗滤液体积分数对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

研究考察不同体积分数的老龄垃圾渗滤液对微生物燃料电池(MFC)性能的影响.结果表明:在体积分数为40％时,MFC的产电效能最佳,输出电压最高可达370 mV,功率密度为939 mW/m3,且化学需氧量(COD)去除率可达43.3％;无机氮的去除与产电周期有较大关系,当体积分数为100％时,氨氮去除率可达84.1％,表明...     

不同接种物对微生物燃料电池利用氨氮产电的影响

文章以厌氧污泥和河底沉积物分别启动单室微生物燃料电池MFC,并通过改变氨氮浓度以及外电阻大小考察其对于MFC产电和氨氮去除的影响。结果表明,不同接种物启动的MFC对氨氮浓度的耐受性不同,厌氧污泥MFC在氨氮浓度为488.2 mg/L时最大输出功率Pmax为454.6 mW/m2,而沉积物MFC的Pmax为309.6mW/m2,出现在氨氮浓度为127.5 mg/L时;小电阻有利于氨氮的去除,但会限制MFC的产电,当外电阻从1 000Ω降低到10Ω时,厌氧污泥MFC氨氮去除率从46.1%提高到71.9%,沉积物MFC则从41.0%提高到了69.3%,并且厌氧污泥接种的MFC氨氮去除率与电阻的线性关系要优于沉积物MFC。     

活性炭与TiO_2混合催化镍基体生物阴极微生物燃料电池性能研究

以发泡镍为基体,柱状活性炭颗粒和Ti O2粉末均匀混合后作为催化剂涂覆在电极表面。将此复合电极作为双室生物阴极型MFC的电极,研究MFC的产电性能。结果表明:在运行周期内,系统最大输出电压可达到698.1 m V,稳定在500 m V以上的高电压输出时间为18 d;单位质子膜面积上可获得最大功率密度为183.33W/m4,质子膜的使用量明显减少,从而大大降低了MFC的产电成本。同时,阳极室对原生活污水COD去除率可达到74%,而库伦效率也可达到68.9%。试验结果表明,活性炭和Ti O2混合涂覆镍基体电极对双室生物阴极型MFC产电的催化效果良好。     

Microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation through reduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater: A review

The study proposes the use of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology to reduce toxic Cr(VI) present in industrial wastewater to less toxic trivalent chromium [Cr(III)], while generating electricity through a bioelectrochemical oxidation-reduction process. Factors influencing the treatment process and electricity generation include the concentration of Cr(VI) in wastewater, substrate types used for anodes, types of microorganisms involved, types of cathode and anode, surface area of the cathode and anode, and pH and temperature of cathodic and anodic solutions. While other heavy metals in wastewater may be removed by MFC technology, Cr(VI) removal is more efficient in terms of electricity generation. Previous research indicated that the maximum electrical power generated by Cr(VI) removal through the use of MFCs is 1600 mW/m², which is expected to increase as the factors affecting this process are optimized. Based on current data, MFC-based electricity generation along with Cr(VI) removal is a potential future source of sustainable energy. However, research priorities need to focus on reducing the cost of MFC technology by using economical and effective materials and increasing electricity production.     

浅析医院污水治理工程工艺

医院污水成分复杂,含有重金属、消毒剂、有机溶剂等有毒有害物质,同时还含有病原微生物,具有传染性。医院用水量较大,污水中的污染物浓度和一般生活污水的污染物浓度相似,甚至更低。针对医院污水的特点,在医院污水处理设计规范的基础上,经过大量文献查阅和各种工艺的优化比选,确定该医院污水治理工程采用水解酸化-生物接触氧化-二氧化氯消毒工艺。     

Production of electricity from the treatment of urban waste water using a microbial fuel cell

In this work, is studied the oxidation of the pollutants contained in an actual urban wastewater using a two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). By using an anaerobic pre-treatment of the activated sludge of an urban wastewater treatment plant, the electricity generation in a MFC was obtained after a short acclimatization period of less than 10 days. The power density generated was found to depend mainly on the organic matter contain (COD) but not on the wastewater flow-rate. Maximum power densities of 25 mW m⁻² (at a cell potential of 0.23 V) were obtained. The rate of consumption of oxygen in the cathodic chamber was very low. As the oxygen reduction is coupled with the COD oxidation in the anodic chamber, the COD removed by the electricity-generating process is very small. Thus, taking into account the oxygen consumption, it was concluded that only 0.25% of the removed COD was used for the electricity-generation processes. The remaining COD should be removed by anaerobic processes. The presence of oxygen in the anodic chamber leads to a deterioration of the MFC performance. This deterioration of the MFC process occurs rapidly after the appearance of non-negligible concentrations of oxygen. Hence, to assure a good performance of this type of MFC, the growth of algae should be avoided.     

Microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC): an integrated process for electricity generation,wastewater treatment,CO2 sequestration and biomass production

The world today is facing a crisis of energy and environmental pollution. Conventional or photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an advanced “green” energy technology that utilizes living microorganisms to convert biochemical or light energy into electricity through metabolic reaction and photosynthesis, offering a potential solution for the above-mentioned crisis. Further incorporating microalgae into MFC, microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC) integrates electricity generation, wastewater treatment, CO₂ sequestration and biomass production in a single, self-sustainable technology. This review first describes the fundamentals of MFC as well as its applications in treating domestic, municipal, agricultural and industrial wastewaters. Then, mMFC-based configurations and applications with its advantages compared with MFC are explained in particular, together with the parameters governing its performance. Lastly, the opportunities and challenges involved in the development of mMFCs are also explored.     

Modelling and simulation of two-chamber microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer great promise for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and energy recovery. While past research has been based extensively on experimental studies, modelling and simulation remains scarce. A typical MFC shares many similarities with chemical fuel cells such as direct ascorbic acid fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells. Therefore, an attempt is made to develop a MFC model similar to that for chemical fuel cells. By integrating biochemical reactions, Butler–Volmer expressions and mass/charge balances, a MFC model based on a two-chamber configuration is developed that simulates both steady and dynamic behaviour of a MFC, including voltage, power density, fuel concentration, and the influence of various parameters on power generation. Results show that the cathodic reaction is the most significant limiting factor of MFC performance. Periodic changes in the flow rate of fuel result in a boost of power output; this offers further insight into MFC behaviour. In addition to a MFC fuelled by acetate, the present method is also successfully extended to using artificial wastewater (solution of glucose and glutamic acid) as fuel. Since the proposed modelling method is easy to implement, it can serve as a framework for modelling other types of MFC and thereby will facilitate the development and scale-up of more efficient MFCs.     

化工园区一体化水处理的技术经济难点及对策

我国石油和化工产业的废水排放量在全国工业各领域中居第一位,占整个工业排放废水量的20%左右。近些年,我国各地都采取了建立化学工业园区的方式,对工业废水集中处理。这种一体化水处理的方式具有许多显而易见的优势。一体化治理化工园区废水的做法符合行业的发展需要,也符合环境污染治理政策,是我国解决水资源短缺和水环境污染问题的重要措施。然而在化工园区采用一体化水处理模式的实践中,还存在和新出现了一些难点问题,需要认真研究并逐步加以解决。如投资者主体权益难以保证、风险难以控制;深度水处理技术和装备仍很缺乏;由于实施统一处理,限制了一些具有节水潜力企业自身的节水行为;难以掌握不同污水排放的规律性,水质呈现复合型污染状态;政府的鼓励政策难以发挥作用等。要解决这些问题,应建立一体化水处理逐级处理体系、分类处理体系和技术支撑体系,同时要建立与一体化水处理相适应的应急体系。     

延川南煤层气污水回收利用工艺技术探讨

延川南区块由于自然条件限制,煤层气排采出的污水无法排放和生产用水供应紧张的矛盾较为突出。为解决此种矛盾,通过查看国内市场中污水储存、回收利用的设备材料,对煤层气排采污水回收、处理、利用技术进行研究和技术储备,拟选取一体化系统设备对延川南煤层气污水进行处理回收。     

Agro-food industry wastewater treatment with microbial fuel cells: Energetic recovery issues

Wastewater treatment, necessary for the preservation of water and environmental quality, usually requires considerable energy inputs to obtain desired targets. New paradigms of circular economy require that new technological approaches for energy and resource recovery should be implemented in lieu of traditional, energy-hungry technologies. Microbial fuel cells represent an eco-innovative technology for energy and resources recovery from a variety of wastewaters. Agrofood wastes are specially indicated due to their high biodegradability. The current research was conducted to: assess bioelectrochemical treatability of dairy wastewater by MFCs, determine operational effects on MFCs electrical performance and evaluate possible strategies to reduce overpotentials. For this purpose, two parallel MFC reactors were continuously operated for 2.5 months, fed with undiluted dairy wastewater. The study demonstrated that these types of industrial effluents can be treated by MFCs with high organic matter removal, recovering a maximum power density of over 27 W/m³. Achieved results were better than previous MFC-experiences dealing with dairy (and other types of) wastewater treatment, and show that recovery of energy from treatment of organic wastes is a feasible strategy on the pursuit of sustainable technologies.     

Recent advances in constructed wetland‐microbial fuel cells for simultaneous bioelectricity production and wastewater treatment: A review

The coupling of constructed wetlands (CWs) to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has turned out to be a source of renewable energy for the production of bioelectricity and for the simultaneous wastewater treatment. Both technologies have an aerobic zone in the air‐water interface and an anaerobic zone in the lower part, where the anode and the cathode are strategically placed. This hybridization is a promising bioelectrochemical technology that exerts a symbiosis between plant‐bacteria in the rhizosphere of an aquatic plant, converting solar energy into bioelectricity through the formation of root exudates as an endogenous substrate and a microbial activity. The difference between CW‐MFC and MFC conventional lies in the bioelectricity and substrate production in situ, where exogenous substrates are not required for example wastewater. However, CW‐MFC can take organic content present in wastewater, promoting the removal of some pollutants. Different areas that comprise the study of a CW‐MFC have been explored, including the structures and their operation. This review aims to provide concise information on the state of the art of CW‐MFC systems, where a summary on important aspects of the development of this technology, such as bioelectricity production, configurations, plant species, rhizodeposits, electrode materials, wastewater treatment, and future perspectives, is presented. This system is a promising technology, not only for the production of bioenergy but also to maintain a clean environment, since during its operation, no toxic byproducts were formed.     

Generation of electricity by the degradation of electro-Fenton pretreated latex wastewater using double chamber microbial fuel cell

A double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor with anode and cathode chamber separated by a Nafion proton exchange membrane was developed and performance was evaluated for treatment of electro Fenton pretreated latex processing and production wastewater containing chemical oxygen demand of 2660 and 780 mg L⁻¹, respectively. After 12 days, MFC treatment, the COD reduced to 133 mg/L (96%) and 86 mg/L (88.5%) for latex processing and production wastewater respectively. The MFC treatment system generated electrical energy of 1.57 and 1.04 Wh L⁻¹ for latex processing and production wastewaters respectively that was utilized to drive the electro-Fenton reactor. These results indicated that effective wastewater treatment, energy production, and discharge standards could be obtained in the system.