不同强度中碳TRIP钢的高周疲劳破坏行为

对比研究了不同强度中碳TRIP钢的旋转弯曲疲劳性能和疲劳裂纹扩展速率特征.结果表明,对于1100 MPa和1300 MPa两种强度级别,等温淬火(AT)处理试样的旋转弯曲疲劳强度均高于淬火回火(QT)处理的试样.两种强度级别的AT样的疲劳极限与抗拉强度之比均高达0.56,明显高于QT样的0.51-0.52,同时,AT样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率均明显低于QT样.此外,实验钢的抗拉强度从1100 MPa级提高到1300 MPa级,AT样与QT样的疲劳强度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率之间的差异均缩小.     

残余压应力场中疲劳裂纹的止裂

20Cr钢在不同缺口尖锐度下滚压后疲劳试验结果表明,滚压强化明显提高缺口试样的疲劳极限,其作用高于光滑试样,缺口越尖锐强化效果越显著。在缺口滚压试样疲劳断口上出现裂纹扩展速率快—慢—快的变化。缺口试样滚压后在疲劳极限下运行出现非扩展裂纹。     

Stellite12钴基合金的疲劳性能及其断裂机理研究

采用三点弯曲疲劳法测得光滑试样和直缺口试样的S-N曲线以研究Stellite12钴基合金的疲劳性能,并通过断口形貌观察进一步探究该钴基合金的断裂过程。结果表明:光滑试样的疲劳极限为545 MPa,约为原始抗弯强度1552 MPa的25.4%;直缺口试样的疲劳极限约为101MPa,约为静态抗弯强度517.6MPa的19.1%。对于疲劳敏感性,光滑试样与直缺口试样的疲劳敏感性分别为397和31。此外发现疲劳裂纹多萌生于近表层聚集的碳化物处,同时表面缺陷也可诱发疲劳裂纹的萌生。疲劳裂纹的扩展主要表现为碳化物的穿晶断裂,钴基体在应力比R=0.1的疲劳加载条件下虽表现出一定的韧性且呈现出较多的撕裂脊,但也呈现出一定的脆性断裂模式,因此疲劳裂纹扩展模式为真疲劳与静态疲劳的混合模式。     

舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头焊接态疲劳性能试验研究

针对舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头应用要求,进行了钛-钢过渡接头焊接态拉-压、拉-剪和弯曲疲劳试验,结果表明,疲劳寿命为200万次时,钛钢复合过渡接头结构件的拉-压疲劳极限为73.0 MPa,拉-剪疲劳极限为62.96 MPa,弯曲疲劳最大应力达到360 MPa且接头本身未破坏。拉-压疲劳和拉-剪疲劳S-N曲线可为舰船钛-钢复合过渡接头结构的设计提供支撑。     

喷丸强化对材料旋转弯曲疲劳强度影响的定量研究

以往的工作已经提出了金属表面及内部疲劳极限的新概念，成功地分析了喷丸对三点弯曲（应力比Ｒ＝０．０５）条件下材料疲劳强度的影响。本文采用３００Ｍ钢研究了喷丸强化对旋转弯曲疲劳强度的影响。结果表明，经适当表面强化后，疲劳裂纹萌生于试样的次表层，萌生疲劳裂纹的；陆界应力（称内部疲劳极限）为未经喷丸强化试样疲劳极限（称表面疲劳极限）的１．３９倍，表明内部疲劳极限理论在旋转弯曲条件下仍然有效。     

基于8.8级螺栓疲劳性能的预紧力优化

测量了8.8级螺栓的拉伸性能,根据螺栓材料的强度极限和屈强比研究了预紧力分别为强度的10%、30%和50%的极限条件下材料的疲劳性能。结果表明,当8.8级螺栓的预紧应力从10%强度极限提高到50%强度极限时,其疲劳极限由370 MPa降低到263 MPa。根据有效应力(σˉσˉ)参数法处理预紧应力对8.8级螺栓疲劳曲线的影响,得到了疲劳极限处的有效应力(σˉ10^7=562.75MPaσˉ10^7=562.75MPa)。当有效应力σˉ<σˉ10^7σˉ<σˉ107时预紧的8.8级螺栓不会发生疲劳失效,由此得到了8.8级M6和M27两种螺栓在不同应力比下所对应的最大预紧力和预紧扭矩曲线。     

石油钻杆材料G105在不同条件下的疲劳断裂

采用国产PQ-6型旋转弯曲疲劳试验机研究钻杆管体材料G105的弯曲疲劳性能以及H_2S腐蚀和缺口对试样弯曲疲劳性能的影响,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对光滑试样断口、缺口试样断口以及H_2S腐蚀后试样断口进行微观形貌分析。结果表明:在光滑试样的疲劳极限载荷作用下,经过H_2S腐蚀后的光滑试样的疲劳寿命和缺口试样的疲劳寿命相当,材料的疲劳寿命都从106降低至104;缺口试样在缺口的高应力集中效应下,加快疲劳裂纹形核过程。H_2S腐蚀对钻杆疲劳性能影响的主要作用在于氢原子在材料内缺陷处聚集引起材料疲劳性能降低,缺口和H_2S腐蚀都会加快疲劳裂纹的扩展。材料疲劳断裂主要是因为试样在交变应力的作用下上产生滑移最后致使位错塞积而导致的。     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体／铁素体异种钢接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体 /铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系 ,测得疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率 da/ d N,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明 ,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径 ,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区 ,裂纹在铁素体材料侧 ,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线 5～ 2 5 μm扩展 ,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力 ,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为 :da/ d N=7.0 7× 10 - 1 3(△ K ) 3.86 3     

30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子高应力段的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

在某已服役了16 a的30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子的高应力段取样制作成紧凑拉伸试样,用MTS 810.50试验机进行室温和538℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验。结果表明：该钢疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展速率适用于Paris公式,室温下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=2.2101×10-8（ΔK）2.9163,538℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=9.8794×10-8（ΔK）2.6844;对于30Cr1Mo1V转子钢,温度升高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快;30Cr1Mo1V转子钢在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段存在转折点,将该阶段又细分为两段,经过转折点后疲劳裂纹扩展速率的增速减慢;与原始材料相比,已服役16 a的30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子高应力段材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大。     

2D-C/SiC缺口试样的拉-拉疲劳损伤

研究了二维正交编织C/SiC双边对称圆弧缺口试样室温和高温真空的拉拉疲劳行为,正弦波疲劳应力比R=0.1,频率60Hz,循环基数106次.循环到规定周次停机,测量试样的共振频率、电阻,并进行SEM观察.结果表明,2D-C/SiC复合材料缺口试样拉-拉疲劳的S-N曲线非常平坦,其疲劳极限是同温度下缺口试样拉伸强度的80%～90%,光滑试样和缺口试样的疲劳极限比值与理论应力集中系数基本相同.缺口试样在疲劳过程中,电阻表征损伤与模量表征损伤的规律基本一致.在疲劳试验初期阶段,缺口附近损伤发展很快,主要表现为产生大量与加载方向垂直的裂纹,随着疲劳次数的增加,损伤发展减缓,但损伤形式逐渐增多,缺口附近与加载方向垂直的裂纹数量明显多于平行加载方向的裂纹数.讨论了电阻表征损伤和模量表征损伤之间的关系.     

钛合金冷轧管材加工工艺参数研究

本文针对冷轧钛合金管材的几种重要工艺参数：管坯制备、道次变形量ε、Q值（相对减壁量与相对减径量比值）、热处理制度、送进量以及润滑等进行了细致的分析,并对之间的关系进行深入的探究,对冷轧钛合金管材的制备具有切实的理论指导意义。     

The fourth editorial committee meeting of JMST was held in Shenyang, China

On Sep. 28, 2009, the fourth editorial committee meeting of JMST (Journal of Materials Science & Technology) was held at the Shenyang Qipanshan International Conference Center, China. This is a joint meeting     

Cyclic Saturation Dislocation Pattern Observation in the Vicinity of Grain Boundaries by Electron Channeling Contrast Technique

State Key Laboratory for Fatigue and Fracture of Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang, 110015, China)Abstract:The cyclic saturation dislocation patterns within grains and in the vicinity of low-angle grain boundaries in fatigued copper crystal were successfully observed by electron channeling contrast technique in SEM. The results show that the dislocation patterns within grains consisted of typical two-phase structure, i.e. persistent slip bands (PSB) and veins. With increasing plastic strain amplitude (γp1 ≥1.7×10-3), large amount of PSBs and regufar dislocation walls were observed.The dislocation walls and PSBs could cross through the low-angle grain boundaries continuously except that the dislocation-free zone (DFZs) appeared at some local regions. Combining with the cyclic stress-strain response and dislocation patterns, the effect of low-angle grain boundaries on cyclic deformation behavior was discussed.     

National Institute of Standards and Technology Synchrotron Radiation Facilities for Materials Science

Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, supported by the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, include beam stations at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The emphasis is on materials characterization at the microstructural and at the atomic and molecular levels, where NIST scientists, and researchers from industry, universities and government laboratories perform state-of-the-art x-ray measurements on a broad range of materials.     

不同Sn含量对Al-Zn-Ga-Si-Sn阳极性能的影响

为了改善Al-Zn-Ga-Si-Sn低电位牺牲阳极的性能,通过调节Sn元素含量提高牺牲阳极的表面活性和电流效率,制备了 5种不同Sn含量的牺牲阳极材料,采用牺牲阳极电化学性能测试方法、极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱测量、表观形貌分析等手段分析了Sn元素对于低电位铝合金牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响。结果表明:Sn可以有效地提高阳极表面的活性,并且破坏表面钝化膜降低表面自由能,使工作电位正移,提高阳极电流效率,改善阳极的溶解形貌。     

大厚度复合材料层合板的固化温度场变化规律

本研究通过编写ABAQUS子程序,将固化反应动力学方程引入大厚度复合材料构件固化过程的热传导方程,研究大厚度玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料固化过程中温度分布规律,讨论了板厚与固化温度对层合板内部温度场、固化度场和固化速率的影响。结果表明,大厚度复合材料层合板内部厚度方向温度相差较大,中心点升温幅度最大,厚度方向的温度随着距离中心点位置的增大而降低;上下表面与温度恒定的模具表面接触因而温度不变;固化速率、固化度与温度呈正相关;固化温度一定时,复合材料厚度越大,最大温差ΔTmax越大,需要恢复到初始温度的时间越长,随着厚度的增加,最大温差ΔTmax增大的趋势越小;复合材料厚度一定时,固化工艺温度越高,最大温差ΔTmax越大,需要恢复到初始温度的时间越短,随着厚度的增加,最大温差ΔTmax增大的趋势越小。     

Critical-field measurements in Nb-Ti composition-modulated alloys

We present measurements of the transition temperature and upper parallel critical field, to 15 kG, of layered Nb-Ti alloys for layer wavelengths between 6 and 6250 Å.Work supported by the NSF under grant DMR 78-24339 and the U.S. Department of Energy. Use was made of facilities funded by the NSF/MRL program under grant DMR 76-80847.On leave from the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, People's Republic of China.Department of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Research Center.Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Center.     

Integrated system of databases on the properties of inorganic substances and materials

An integrated system of databases on the properties of inorganic substances and materials has been developed, currently combining the database of the A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, and an AtomWork database on the properties of inorganic substances, developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (Japan). This system is developed as an information service for specialists and for computer-aided design of new inorganic compounds, which was supported by an elaborate information-analytical system. The results of application of this system for compound design that have not yet been synthesized are presented.     

Four decades of research in solid state chemistry

Solid state chemistry was in its infancy when the author got interested in the subject. In this article, the author outlines the manner in which the subject has grown over the last four decades, citing representative examples from his own contributions to the different facets of the subject. The various aspects covered include synthesis, structure, defects, phase transitions, transition metal oxides, catalysts, superconductors, metal clusters and fullerenes. In an effort to demonstrate the breadth and vitality of the subject, the author shares his own experiences and aspirations and gives expression to the agony and ecstacy in carrying out experimental research in such a frontier area in India. Distinguished Materials Scientist Award Lecture presented at the MRSI meeting, Trivandrum on February 9, 1993. Professor C N R Rao, born on June 30, 1934 in Bangalore, received the M. Sc. degree in Physical Chemistry from Banaras Hindu University in 1953, the Ph.D degree from Purdue University, USA in 1958 and the D.Sc. degree from the University of Mysore in 1960. He was a research scholar at IIT, Kharagpur (1953–54), Lecturer at the Indian Institute of Science (1959–63), Associate Professor (1963–64) and Professor (1964–76) at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He was the first Head of the Chemistry Department as well as the first Dean of Research at IIT, Kanpur. He moved back to the Indian Institute of Science in 1976 where he was founder Chairman of the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit and the Materials Research Laboratory till 1984, when he became the Director of the Institute. He has been President of the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore since its founding in 1989. He was President of the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences as well as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. He was Commonwealth Professor at the University of Oxford and Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge. He is the author of over 800 research papers and has authored/edited 30 books pertaining to solid state chemistry, spectroscopy, molecular structure, surface science and chemical education. He is a member of the editorial boards of over 15 international journals and is the founder-editor of the Bulletin of Materials Science. He is Honorary Professor at the University of Wales, Cardiff (UK) and Adjunct Professor at the Pennsylvania State University. Of the many honours received by Professor Rao, mention may be made of the Marlow Medal of the Faraday Society, London (1967), Bhatnagar Prize (1968), Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship (1973), Padma Shri (1974), Sir C V Raman Award of the University Grants Commission (1975), Centennial Foreign Fellowship of the American Chemical Society (1976), Federation of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry Prize (1977), S N Bose Medal of the Indian National Science Academy (1980), Royal Society of Chemistry (London) Medal (1981), P C Ray Medal of the Indian Chemical Society (1984), Padma Vibhushan (1985), Nehru Award for Science (1988), Modi Award for innovative science (1989), Hevrovsky Gold Medal of the Czechoslovak Academy (1989), Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London (1989), Meghnad Saha Medal of INSA (1990), CSIR Golden Jubilee Prize in physical sciences (1991), Blackett Lectureship of the Royal Society (1991), K K Barooah Foundation Award for Science (1992) and Goyal Prize in Chemistry (1993). Professor Rao is a Fellow of the Science Academies in India and of the Royal Society, London. He is a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a Foreign Member of the American Academy of Science and Arts, the Russian Academy of Science as well as the Czech, Polish, Serbian and Slovenian Science Academies. He is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and a founder fellow of Third World Academy of Sciences (of which he is now Vice President). He is an honorary member of the Materials Research Societies of Japan and South Korea and of the International Academy of Ceramics and honorary fellow of Institution of Engineers and IETE. He has received D.Sc. (honoris Causa) from 22 Universities. He was a member of the first National Committee on Science and Technology and later of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Union Cabinet. He was Chairman of the Science Advisory Council to Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.     

Sn2+掺杂硫化铜的制备及其性能

以硫脲(NH2CS)、氯化铜(CuCl2)、氯化亚锡(SnCl2)为原材料采用直接沉淀法制备掺杂Sn^2+的纳米CuS近红外光吸收材料,并对样品的光学性能和物相结构进行了表征,分析部分合成条件对其光吸收性能的影响。结果表明,所制备产物为纯相Sn^2+掺杂的CuS晶体,制备工艺条件将对产物的光吸收性能及光热转换性能产生直接影响,在反应体系铜与硫的物质量之比为1∶17,NaOH加入量0.008mol,Sn^2+掺杂量5%时,反应4h可得到光吸收性能较优的样品,样品光热转换效率为23.02%,与纯相未掺杂CuS样品相比,光热转换效率提高了80.97%。