轴承钢中镁的行为热力学分析

以热力学基本原理和炉渣分子离子共存理论为基础,计算分析了轴承钢中铝脱氧时,镁在钢中的行为,为轴承钢A1Mg合金复合脱氧的可行性进行了理论探讨.计算结果表明,在炼钢温度下,轴承钢钢液的酸溶铝范围内,只要有微量的镁就可以生成镁铝尖晶石夹杂物.实验研究证明,经镁处理后的轴承钢钢液中的夹杂物以尺寸细小的镁铝尖晶石夹杂物和少量的MgO为主,几乎看不到铝酸钙夹杂物.     

轴承钢GCr15的生物油空化腐蚀特性研究

以5 wt%乳化生物质燃油为空化介质,采用磁致伸缩仪模拟空化条件,探讨了轴承材料(GCr15)的空化腐蚀磨损特性。结果表明:乳化生物质燃油温度升高时,射流冲击强度先增大后减小,导致轴承材料的累积失重量先增大后减小,在45℃时微射流对材料冲击破坏程度最大,空化与腐蚀磨损的双重作用也达到了最大,轴承材料的累积失重量达到峰值。     

浓钛液中镁离子的分析测定

研究了硫酸法生产钛白粉中间产品浓钛液中镁离子的检测方法，建立了稳定、准确的测量体系。该方法简捷、快速，准确度高，重现性好，测试结果满意。     

偏氟乙烯乳液聚合的气液传质效果影响因素研究

推导了表征气液传质效果的K值计算方法,并研究了聚合釜装填量、搅拌桨型和转速等因素对气液传质效果的影响。结果表明,随着聚合釜装填量和搅拌转速的增大,K值增大,气液传质效果提高;在搅拌转速大于500r/min的情况下,桨型采用上层二叶平桨、下层二叶斜桨的方式明显比单层的二叶斜桨或二叶平桨的K值大,气液传质效果好。确定了5L釜偏氟乙烯(VDF)乳液聚合必需的良好搅拌效果的条件:装填量3L,搅拌转速700r/min,桨型采用上层二叶平桨和下层二叶斜桨;VDF聚合速率达到115g/(L·h),合成出固体质量分数20%、粒径分布窄、稳定性好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳液。     

镁钙质和镁质中间包涂料对钢液洁净度的影响

通过现场对比实验 ,研究了镁钙质和镁质中间包涂料对钢液洁净度的影响。结果表明 :( 1)两种涂料对钢液均有明显的脱氧作用 ,其脱氧率与钢液的原始全氧含量有关 ,原始氧含量越高 ,脱氧率越大 ;( 2 )对铝镇静钢而言 ,镁钙质涂料有比镁质涂料更好的脱氧效果 ,脱氧率能高出 5 %～ 15 % ;而对硅镇静钢 ,两种涂料对钢液的脱氧效果几乎没有差别 ;( 3)两种涂料对铝镇静钢和硅镇静钢均没有明显的脱硫作用。     

微量镁对Incoloy825耐蚀合金力学性能的影响

Incoloy825合金作为一种耐蚀合金应用于海洋工程、石油气等行业,由于此类行业环境较为恶劣,不仅需要材料具有出色的耐蚀性能,对力学性能也有较高的要求。本工作利用25 kg真空感应炉冶炼4炉镁含量分别为0wt%, 0.0012wt%,0.0030wt%和0.0065wt%的Incoloy825合金,使用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,分别对合金中非金属夹杂物的尺寸、数量进行统计,对夹杂物的形貌和成分进行观察和分析,同时对组织和碳化物进行观察,并对合金进行室温拉伸实验和室温冲击实验,结合实验结果揭示了微量镁改善Incoloy825合金力学性能的机理。研究结果表明,镁的加入使合金中氧和硫的含量减少,夹杂物数量减少,夹杂物成分得到改善,合金洁净度提高,减小了夹杂物对力学性能的影响,同时,晶粒得到细化。合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度、断面收缩率和伸长率均有一定程度的提高,即夹杂物和组织的改善提高了合金的强度和塑性。研究还发现,镁的加入可以将Cr, Fe和Mo等元素从合金的晶界处驱逐,从而减少了晶界处硬脆性碳化物M23C6的析出,显著提高合金的冲击韧性。与未加入镁的合金相比,镁含量达到0.006...     

钡镁法快速测定栲胶脱硫液中硫酸钠的含量

采用GB/T 10535—1997仲裁法分析栲胶脱硫液中Na2SO4含量需3 h。采用钡镁法以过量已知浓度钡镁混合液与Na2SO4作用生成硫酸钡沉淀,过量钡镁溶液用EDTA标准溶液回滴,只需0.5 h,可快速测定硫酸钠含量;该法准确度、精密度也可满足生产要求。     

铸膜液的粘度和组成对PVDF微孔膜性能的影响

实验采用浸没沉淀相转化的方法制备PVDF微孔膜,考察了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)比例的变化,对铸膜液的粘度及膜性能的影响。分析了影响膜过程动力学因素,确定了该体系制膜的理想条件。结果表明,当PVDF质量分数为14%,PEG(6000)质量分数为5%时,制得的平板膜可达较佳性能。     

偏氟乙烯乳液聚合的气液传质效果影响因素的研究

首先推导出表征气液传质效果的K值计算方法,借此研究了聚合釜装填量、搅拌桨型和转速等因素对气液传质效果的影响,结果表明:随着聚合釜装填量和搅拌转速的增大,K值增大,气液传质效果提高;在搅拌转速大于500r/min情况下,桨型采用上层二叶平桨、下层二叶斜桨的方式明显比单层的二叶斜桨或二叶平桨的K值大,气液传质效果好。确定了5L釜偏氟乙烯(VDF)乳液聚合必需的良好搅拌效果的条件:装填量为3L、搅拌转速700r/min、桨型采用上层二叶平桨和下层二叶斜桨;VDF聚合速度达到了115gPVDF/L·h,合成出含固体质量分数为20%、粒径分布窄、稳定性好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳液。     

偏氟乙烯乳液聚合的气液传质效果影响因素的研究

首先推导出表征气液传质效果的K值计算方法,借此研究了聚合釜装填量、搅拌桨型和转速等因素对气液传质效果的影响,结果表明:随着聚合釜装填量和搅拌转速的增大,K值增大,气液传质效果提高;在搅拌转速大于500r·min-1情况下,桨型采用上层二叶平桨、下层二叶斜桨的方式明显比单层的二叶斜桨或二叶平桨的K值大,气液传质效果好。确定了5L釜偏氟乙烯(VDF)乳液聚合必需的良好搅拌效果的条件:装填量3L、搅拌转速700r·min-1、桨型采用上层二叶平桨和下层二叶斜桨;VDF聚合速度达到了115gPVDF·(L·h)-1,合成出固含量20wt%、粒径分布窄、稳定性好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳液。     

Preparation,microstructures, and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al2O3/Lu3Al5O12 eutectic ceramics

Al₂O₃/Lu₃Al₅O₁₂ (LuAG) directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) ceramics with two solidification rates were prepared utilizing optical floating zone (OFZ) technique. The microstructures (eutectic morphology, preferred growth direction and interface orientation) of Al₂O₃/LuAG were characterized, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness and fracture toughness) were compared with those of Al₂O₃/REAG (RE = Y, Er, and Yb). Results show that Al₂O₃/LuAG with solidification rate of 30 mm/h has established preferred growth direction in both Al₂O₃ and LuAG phases with cellular eutectic structures. While Al₂O₃/LuAG with solidification rate of 10 mm/h only shows preferred growth direction in Al₂O₃ phase and presents degenerate irregular eutectic microstructures. Besides, Al₂O₃/LuAG exhibits higher hardness compared with Al₂O₃/REAG (RE = Y, Er, and Yb). In addition, a special attention is focused on the relations among rare earth ionic radius, eutectic microstructures, and mechanical properties of these DSE ceramics. It is demonstrated that a smaller rare earth ionic radius could lead to larger eutectic interspacing as well as higher Vickers hardness of DSE Al₂O₃/REAG, revealing the possibility and feasibility of microstructure control and mechanical properties optimization for DSE Al₂O₃/REAG ceramics by tailoring the rare earth elements.     

Copper nanowires and silver micropit arrays from the electrochemical treatment of a directionally solidified silver-copper eutectic

The method of fabricating metallic nanowires from directionally solidified eutectics was applied to the silver-copper system. The silver-copper alloy, 39.9 at.% copper, was directionally solidified in a Bridgman-type oven held at 850 °C. SEM imaging revealed a mixed fibrous and lamellar microstructure. The fastest solidification rates produced fibres and lamellae with widths as small as 300 nm. Electrochemical conditions for the selective dissolution of silver and of copper were determined from the combined Pourbaix diagram for silver and copper and applied to the directionally solidified alloy. Subsequent microscopic investigations yielded copper nanowires with diameters in the 300-640 nm range and hexagonal arrays of micropits in the silver matrix with diameters of 1 μm. The chosen volume fraction of the Ag-Cu system is the only one that matches exactly the theoretical value of π⁻¹ which separates fibrous from lamellar structures. It is demonstrated that the simultaneous formation of fibres and lamellae in the same sample occurs for this unique borderline system.     

碳对Hp－Nb合金显微组织和蠕变断裂强度的影响

利用光学金相技术和蠕变断裂试验研究了碳对ＨＰ－Ｎｂ合金显微组织和蠕变断裂强度的影响。在Ｎｂ含量一定情况下，随着含碳量的增加共晶Ｍ＿７Ｃ＿３增加、共晶ＮｂＣ基本不变，晶内二次碳化物沉淀数量增多，沉淀和粗化速度加快。含碳量与蠕变断裂强度的关系表现为具有极大值特征，含碳在０．４５％～０．５５％（ｍ／ｍ）时蠕变断裂强度最高。     

利用电石渣和盐湖氯化镁制高纯氢氧化镁的研究

本文以电石渣和盐湖氯化镁为原料,先用氯化铵与电石渣反应制备氨气,再将氨气通入氯化镁溶液中制取氢氧化镁,滤液回收的氯化铵可循环利用.研究了各因素对氢氧化镁生成率的影响,并对氢氧化镁产品进行了表征.结果表明,在氯化镁浓度为1.5 mol/L,反应时间为30～45 min.反应温度为25℃,陈化2.5 h左右的条件下,可得到...     

利用电石渣和氯化镁制氢氧化镁工艺研究

采用电石渣和盐湖氯化镁为原料制取氢氧化镁。电石渣（氢氧化钙）与氯化铵反应生成氨气,将氨气通入氯化镁溶液中制备氢氧化镁。通过单因素实验和正交实验得出最佳工艺条件：氯化铵与氯化镁物质的量比为5.0,氯化镁浓度为2.0 mol/L,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为25 ℃,陈化时间为2 h。在该条件下氢氧化镁的生成率可达到89%,纯度也可达到98%以上。通过X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电镜（SEM）表征表明,氢氧化镁产品为片状,粒径在800 nm左右。采用该方法制备氢氧化镁,不仅可以解决电石渣和盐湖氯化镁的大量堆放问题,而且可以制备出高品质的氢氧化镁产品。     

Segregation of Magnesium to the Internal Surface of Residual Pores in Translucent Polycrystalline Alumina

For the first time direct evidence for Mg segregation to the surface of pores within translucent polycrystalline alumina grains has been found using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in an analytical electron microscope (AEM) on a submicrometer scale. This supports the model that MgO dopant increases the surface diffusivity which, in turn, increases the pore mobility. The MgO dopant's role in retarding grain growth in combination with the enhanced pore mobility allows the achievement of nearly full density and translucency in alumina.     

石灰石质量对电石生产的影响

分析了石灰石中氧化镁含量对电石质量、产量、发气量、电耗和生产成本等方面的影响.     

Ionic Double Layers at the Surface of Magnesium-Doped Aluminum Oxide: Effect on Segregation Properties

A model involving ionic double layers at the surface has been constructed for magnesia-doped sapphire based on earlier models which were developed for cubic halides. The model takes into account the presence of electrostatic potentials, isolated point defects, defect complexes, and special surface sites which can act as sources and sinks for ions. Equations have been set up for the various defect concentrations, and Poisson's equation has been solved numerically to give depth profiles for defects and corresponding electric fields. The calculations suggest that Mg²⁺ ions can segregate both to the free surface and to the space charge region. The effective (or Langmuir) enthalpy of segregation depends not only on the actual binding energies of the dopant ion, but also on other parameters such as the density of special surface sites. Over the temperature range studied, the variation of the calculated surface magnesium concentration with temperature is found to be approximately Arrhenius in nature, as was observed in segregation experiments.