未处理钢筋在模拟混凝土孔溶液中的早期电化学性能

在钢筋表面进行了微观结构表征和分析后,采用线性极化法和电化学阻抗谱法对未经处理的钢筋试件在模拟混凝土孔溶液中的早期电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:电化学方法能较好地表征HRB400型钢筋在混凝土模拟孔溶液中的早期电化学性能,能准确地表征钢筋试件完全钝化时的状态;钢筋试件钝化完全时,钝化膜组成为FeO、Fe(OH)_2、Fe_2O_3和FeOOH等。与预处理过的钢筋的钝化过程不同,钢筋试件的自腐蚀电位在钝化期内的变化过程可以近似用高斯函数来拟合。     

氯盐环境下钢筋HRB400的腐蚀行为与力学性能研究

为了给工程安全使用提供借鉴,采用浸泡腐蚀法研究钢筋HRB400在3.5%NaCl溶液中裸露和镶入混凝土2种环境下腐蚀行为及腐蚀后的力学性能,对于钢筋HRB400镶入混凝土这种环境,采用制作钢筋混凝土及模拟混凝土孔隙液2种方法,首先将裸露和镶入混凝土2种情况下的钢筋HRB400浸泡在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中,并将钢筋HRB400浸泡在饱和氢氧化钙溶液中[加入3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液],然后分别计算不同腐蚀时间下各钢筋HRB400相应的失重率、腐蚀率,最后采用MTS试验机测试钢筋HRB400腐蚀后的力学性能。结果显示：随着浸泡腐蚀时间延长,3种环境下的钢筋HRB400平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低,失重率增加,屈服强度、抗拉强度均下降,钢筋HBR400在3.5%NaCl溶液中裸露或镶入混凝土时伸长率随浸泡时间延长而降低,在饱和氢氧化钙(加入3.5%NaCl)中则呈现有升有降趋势。     

钢筋钝化膜在含缓蚀剂的模拟混凝土孔隙液中的电化学特性

应用线性极化法、Mott-Schottky曲线研究了钢筋钝化膜在含有亚硝酸钠和D-葡萄糖酸钠复合缓蚀剂的模拟混凝土孔隙液中的电化学特性.结果表明,复合缓蚀剂的加入,使钢筋在含有氯离子的模拟混凝土孔隙液中耐蚀性提高;在外加亚硝酸钠的模拟混凝土孔隙液中,钢筋钝化膜在一定的电位区间内呈现n型半导体特性并具有单一施主浓度,而D-葡萄糖酸钠加入则增大了施主浓度.此外,钢筋钝化膜的耐蚀性和半导体性质受溶液中氯离子浓度的影响较大,加入一定浓度的氯离子可使钝化膜的施主浓度增大,耐蚀性降低.     

S32750超级双相不锈钢在低温模拟海水中的腐蚀行为

为了考察S32750超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)在低温海水中的腐蚀性能,通过浸泡试验、动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了S32750 SDSS和316L不锈钢(316L SS)在5℃的模拟海水(质量分数为3.5%Na Cl)中的腐蚀行为,采用Mott-Schottky曲线对低温下钝化膜的半导体性质进行了分析,并通过金相显微镜观察了两者腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明:在低温海水中,S32750 SDSS比316L SS表现出了更低的腐蚀速率,且S32750 SDSS表面腐蚀凹坑的数量较少;2种不锈钢均能形成稳定的钝化膜,且S32750 SDSS比316L SS展现出更大的钝化区间以及更高的点蚀电位、钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,这主要与S32750 SDSS表面钝化膜更加致密、缺陷数量更少等因素有关。     

偏高岭土对水泥砂浆中钢筋钝化的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱、循环动电位极化、阴极极化、热重和XRD等方法,研究了偏高岭土(MK)掺量(占MK/水泥总质量的20wt%、30wt%、40wt%)对钢筋-MK/水泥砂浆中钢筋钝化膜形成及其耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在一般环境中,钢筋在不同MK掺量的钢筋-MK/水泥砂浆中均可以形成稳定的钝化膜;在质量分数为3.5wt%的NaCl溶液环境中,MK掺量过多会使钢筋-MK/水泥砂浆中钢筋的钝化膜稳定性降低,耐蚀性能下降。从钢筋钝化膜稳定角度考虑,在氯盐环境中,水泥基材料中MK掺量应予以限制。      

人工模拟钢筋钝化膜机械损伤对点蚀诱导行为的影响

目前,关于高碱性环境下电化学噪声方面的研究报道较少。在饱和Ca(OH)_2溶液中对钢筋预钝化,以含有Cl~-和NO~-2的Ca(OH)_2饱和溶液模拟受污染的混凝土孔隙液环境,在其中采用微细石英针对钢筋钝化膜施加定量机械冲击损伤。基于电化学噪声和高速数据采集技术,通过捕捉钝化膜破裂/修复过程中的电化学噪声信号,研究高碱性环境下,Cl~-及缓蚀剂NO~-2对钢筋表面钝化膜特性和点蚀形核和修复过程的影响。结果表明:在被Cl~-污染的模拟孔隙液中,再生钝化膜的缺陷密度高于原生钝化膜,导致亚稳态点蚀在损伤区反复发生,且Cl~-浓度增加会延长蚀点寿命;加入NO~-2会降低钝化膜的缺陷密度,加速钝化膜再生,提高了钝化膜的保护性。     

氯盐环境中新型合金耐蚀钢筋Cr10Mo1的钝化行为

应用线性极化、电化学阻抗谱与电容电位法等方法对比研究了合金耐蚀钢筋Cr10Mo1和普通碳素钢筋在预含不同浓度(0mol·L~(-1)、0.1mol·L~(-1)、0.3mol·L~(-1)、0.6mol·L~(-1))氯盐的较低碱度(pH=12.5)模拟混凝土孔溶液中的钝化行为,利用XPS方法分析钢筋钝化膜组成结构,分析了氯盐作用下两种钢筋钝化行为变化存在差异的原因,揭示了合金耐蚀钢筋强易钝化机制。结果表明:在各氯盐浓度下,合金耐蚀钢筋均能良好致钝且钝化效果并无较大差距,而普通碳素钢筋随氯盐浓度增大钝化效果显著减弱,当氯盐超过一定浓度则几乎不钝化,甚至发生明显点蚀。Cr氧化物作为合金耐蚀钢筋钝化膜不同于普通碳素钢筋的关键成分,高浓度氯盐作用下仍可保持稳定并维持钝化膜层完整密实,从而使耐蚀钢筋呈现强易致钝特性。     

2507双相不锈钢在NaClO溶液中的腐蚀性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用电化学动电位再活化法(EPR)、动电位极化和交流阻抗测试方法(EIS)研究2507双相不锈钢(SAF2507)在5g/L NaClO溶液中的晶间腐蚀和点腐蚀行为,并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究SAF2507腐蚀后表面形成的钝化膜组成。结果表明:SAF2507的再活化率Ra为0.68%,具有良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能;动电位极化和EIS的测试结果表明:SAF2507极化后能够发生自钝化现象,钝化区间为-0.5~0.6V;电荷传递电阻为1.389×10~4Ω·cm^2,说明其具有较强的耐点腐蚀性能。XPS研究表明SAF2507在5g/L NaClO溶液中钝化膜主要成分为Cr,Fe等氧化物和氢氧型化合物。同时进一步探讨了SAF2507的腐蚀机理。     

吗啉多元胺对混凝土钢筋的阻锈作用

迁移性阻锈剂对钢筋混凝土中的金属材料有很好的保护作用,国内这方面的研究报道较少.采用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了吗啉多元胺在模拟混凝土空隙液及混凝土中对钢筋的保护作用.在含有2 000mg/L NaCl的模拟液中,吗啉多元胺可以提高钢筋的抗点蚀能力.吗啉多元胺的加入导致混凝土钢筋的腐蚀电位正移,对钢筋的阴极和阳极电化学过程均有抑制作用,它是一种混合型缓蚀剂.吗啉多元胺能够在混凝土中扩散迁移,在钢筋表面形成吸附膜,阻挡侵蚀性离子对钢筋表面的侵入,抑制钢筋腐蚀电化学反应的进行.     

亚硝酸钙阻锈剂对钢筋钝化膜的影响

为深入揭示亚硝酸盐阻锈剂提高钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的机理,采用动电位极化技术、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了亚硝酸钙阻锈剂对钢筋表面生成的钝化膜的影响。动电位极化研究结果表明:未添加阻锈剂时,钢筋发生点蚀的临界氯离子浓度在0.05~0.06 mol/L之间,添加亚硝酸钙阻锈剂后,钢筋发生点蚀的临界浓度增大至0.18~0.20 mol/L,表明亚硝酸钙阻锈剂提高了钢筋表面钝化膜的抗点蚀能力。X射线光电子能谱的研究结果表明:钢筋表面生成的钝化膜的成分均是由铁的氧化物(Fe_(ox))和铁的氢氧化物(Fe_(hydrox))组成,亚硝酸钙阻锈剂降低了钝化膜中Fe_(hydrox)的含量。原子力显微镜的研究结果表明:亚硝酸钙阻锈剂的添加使得钝化膜的表面更加光滑平整。     

AM355不锈钢在酸性溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

结合腐蚀形貌,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和莫特肖特基(MS)曲线的测定,分析了溶液pH值对AM355不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:随溶液pH值的减小,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度增大,致钝电位发生了正移,致钝电流密度、维钝电流密度增大。钝化膜由铬氧化物和铁氧化物组成,酸性增加使得铁氧化物施主浓度增大,钝化膜表面吸附氢离子电荷密度增加。钝化膜的厚度及其电阻随pH值的减小而减小,钝化膜更容易被破坏,酸性达到一定程度,钝化膜局部区域优先腐蚀。溶液pH值减小,AM355在溶液中保持自钝化性能降低,材料的腐蚀速率增加。     

Significance of oxygen concentration on the quality of passive film formation for steel reinforced concrete structures during the initial curing of concrete

Reinforced concrete prisms with varying surface conditions (sealed, partially sealed, and unsealed) and curing environments (in air and submerged in water) were used to vary the oxygen concentration in laboratory experiments. The experiment results (current rate and half-cell potential) of these tests were used to establish the time-dependent influence of oxygen concentration on passive film formation and corrosion of the reinforcement steel embedded in concrete under various defined conditions. It was found that the adequate availability of free oxygen during the initial curing stage is crucial for the proper formation of the passive layer. This suggests ways to improve passive layer development, and thus the durability of reinforced concrete structures, through the use of curing procedures that control both moisture and oxygen availability.     

Development of solid state embeddable reference electrode for corrosion monitoring of steel in reinforced concrete structures

Corrosion of steel reinforcement concrete structures is monitored through the surface mounting techniques using liquid based reference electrodes. Due to the limited usage of liquid based reference electrodes solid state reference electrode are introduced recently. In the present study, we fabricated and characterized Mn₃O₄ based pellet electrode for corrosion assessment of steel rebar in high alkaline medium through electrochemical methods and the results are compared with conventional saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE). The results indicate that the fabricated pellet electrode exhibits better characteristics suitable for high alkaline concrete environment and differentiate the passive and active status of steel rebar.     

Synergistic effect of erosion and hydrogen on properties of passive film on 2205 duplex stainless steel

Stainless steels have shown great potential in the application of offshore oil and gas industry.However,the internal surface of stainless steel pipeline may simultaneously suffer erosion from the fluid media inside the pipeline and the damage of hydrogen that is generated from the external activities such as cathodic protection.The synergistic effect of erosion and hydrogen on the properties of passive film on 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied for the first time in a loop system coupled with a hydrogen-charging cell.The components,protective performance and semiconductive structure as well as properties of the passive film under different conditions were investigated using in-situ electrochemical techniques,surface characterization and computational fluid dynamics simulation.The results show that the combination of erosion and hydrogen could greatly thin the passive film,furthermore,the Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ratio and O₂^-/OH^-ratio in the passive film also decrease dramatically under such a condition.Therefore,the hydration degree of the passive film greatly increases,resulting in an increase in active sites and a decrease in the stability of the passive film.Erosion could destroy the passive film through the impact of sand particles and accelerate the mass transfer process of electrochemical reaction.While hydrogen can not only enhance the charge transfer process,but also make the passive film highly defective.Under the combination of erosion and hydrogen condition,erosion could enhance the hydrogen damage and simultaneously hydrogen could also enhance erosion.Therefore,the synergistic effect of erosion and hydrogen could dramatically change the passive film component,decrease the protective performance,and increase the susceptibility of pitting corrosion of 2205 stainless steel in Cl-containing environment.     

Cl~-和应力对X80管线钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响

目前,对于Cl~-和应力同时作用时钢铁腐蚀行为及机理的研究不多。采用动电位极化和交流阻抗谱,研究了Cl~-和应力对X80管线钢在高pH值溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:Cl~-对X80管线钢的钝化行为有显著影响,当Cl~-浓度小于0.10 mol/L时,X80管线钢表面会形成稳定的钝化膜,当Cl~-浓度大于0.10 mol/L时,则不会形成稳定的钝化膜。在自腐蚀电位下,少量的Cl~-可增加X80管线钢的腐蚀倾向,但大量Cl~-可降低其腐蚀倾向。外加应力使交流阻抗谱低频区出现第二段容抗弧,并且提高自腐蚀电位下X80管线钢的溶解速率。     

海滨盐碱土壤中硫酸盐还原菌对X100管线钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了进一步明确X100管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)海滨盐碱土壤中的耐蚀性,采用表面分析技术、电化学技术和失重法,研究了SRB对X100管线钢腐蚀过程与行为的影响。结果表明:X100管线钢在有无SRB海滨盐碱土壤中的腐蚀均属于中度腐蚀,无SRB时腐蚀产物主要为Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4和γ-Fe O(OH),有SRB时腐蚀产物主要为Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4,α-Fe O(OH)和Fe7S8;SRB代谢形成的活性生物膜影响了X100管线钢的腐蚀行为,随着腐蚀时间的增加,SRB可在X100管线钢表面形成由微生物膜与腐蚀产物结合的膜,其更加致密,对腐蚀传质具有物理阻碍作用,可以减缓X100管线钢的腐蚀;无SRB菌时X100管线钢表面的腐蚀产物疏松多孔并分布有裂纹,且对基体的保护作用差,其腐蚀速率大于有SRB时的值;SRB的代谢活动抑制了X100管线钢的腐蚀。     

含H2S的NaCl溶液中溶解氧对PH13-8Mo钢腐蚀性能的影响

为研究新型马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢PH13-8Mo在含饱和H_2S的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试和浸泡实验相结合的方法,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱分析技术(XPS),观察了该高强钢在含H_2S的除氧和不除氧的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀形貌,并对其腐蚀产物的成分进行了分析.结果表明:在除氧的NaCl溶液中,阳极极化曲线的形状发生了明显的变化,电化学阻抗谱的容抗弧的幅值也较未除氧的溶液中变小;在除氧的NaCl溶液中浸泡7 d后,由于H_2S水解后的S~(2-)或HS~-离子侵入到钝化膜的内部,并与钝化膜或金属基体发生反应,使得试样表面发生全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Fe、Cr、Ni、Mo的氧化物和硫化物;而在未除氧的NaCl溶液中浸泡后,试样表面仅发生局部腐蚀.     

The investigation on electrochemical denatured layer of 304 stainless steel

Electrochemical grinding (ECG) is one of nontraditional manufacturing methods that are widely used on various chromium alloys like 304 stainless steel and GCr15, etc. It has been considered that a thin passive film is formed on alloys during the electrochemical process and much research has been done on it. However, it is found that a kind of denatured layer (which is much thicker than passive film) is formed on 304 stainless steel surface during the process while the characteristics and influence factors of the denatured layer have been rarely focused. In this paper, an experimental study as well as a computational method were implemented to investigate characteristics of denatured layer on 304 stainless steel and influential mechanisms of electrochemical parameters on thickness of denatured layer. We found that the hardness of denatured layer was decreased by 70%, and third-order equations for predicting layer thickness under different electrochemical parameters were proposed. The obviously reduced hardness and controllable thickness of the denatured layer are expected to be of great significance in machining of chromium alloy.     

土壤环境中钢的杂散电流腐蚀研究

杂散电流可以造成金属的电解腐蚀侵害,在实验室模拟装置中,采用动电位扫描和恒电流极化法模拟杂散电流,研究了其对土壤环境中钢材的电解腐蚀行为,表征了其腐蚀产物及其表面钝化膜的形貌,探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明,A3、16Mn和X70钢在土壤环境中的动电位扫描极化过程变化趋势基本相同;在恒电流阳极极化反应初期钢发生阳极溶解过程,待反应达到一定程度后,金属电极表面生成钝化膜,阳极极化电压发生突跃,钝化膜的生成与溶解交替过程造成阳极极化电压的振荡。