脱硫吸收塔废水坑浆液溢流原因分析及控制对策

某燃煤电厂脱硫系统中，#1吸收塔出现废水坑大量浆液溢流、石膏含水量过高和除雾器堵塞等现象。通过分析，发现主要原因为吸收塔负荷较大，导致空塔流速过快、亚硫酸钙氧化不充分、吸收塔内浆液密度过高、脱硫吸收浆液雾化颗粒量不足；结合其脱硫系统的超低排放改造，进行了增设喷淋层和改用单向双头式喷嘴、增设不锈钢托盘、设置增效环、改用三级屋脊高效除雾器、增加备用旋流子等设备改扩建。同时，提出了控制吸收塔pH值和密度、添加脱硫增效剂、增加氧化风机运行台数和提高除雾器清洗频率等改进措施。     

燃煤电厂脱硫吸收塔浆液起泡溢流问题分析及处理

燃煤电厂石灰石——石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔浆液起泡溢流的问题,对系统稳定运行、石膏品质和脱硫效率等带来影响.在分析以往研究成果基础上,总结了引起脱硫浆液起泡后溢流的主要原因及应对措施.以某燃煤电厂脱硫系统为例,对吸收塔浆液品质和溢流泡沫成分进行分析,确定了引起浆液起泡的杂质含量,并从烟气状况、石灰石和工艺水品质,以及脱硫...     

湿式脱硫GGH现存问题分析及建议

阐述了湿式脱硫GGH易堵塞问题,并分析了其主要原因为吸收塔出口烟气携带石膏浆液,提出了清洗吸收塔出口烟气的弯头式除雾器结构,并进一步计算论证了这种结构的可行性。     

降低超净排放机组脱硫粉耗分析

该研究以上海300MW机组设计的石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置的实际运行经验为例,采用数理统计的方法,分别针对石灰石粉品质、吸收塔入口烟气含尘量、吸收塔运行过程中的浆液pH值、浆液密度、液气比等控制指标及石膏废水系统的运行控制情况等进行分析,分析结果表明,在吸收塔pH值、脱硫废水以及浆液循环泵控制等方面存在一些问题,因此需要分析各项影响因素的运行控制范围,并在今后的运行和改造过程中解决这些问题。     

不同锅炉负荷下吸收塔浆液pH值控制措施

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫方法是目前我国燃煤电厂最主要的脱硫方法,pH值是影响脱硫效率和脱硫系统正常运行的重要参数,该文从多方面阐述了pH值对脱硫系统的影响,对不同锅炉负荷下石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统吸收塔浆液pH值控制进行了详细研究和讨论,结果表明:在锅炉负荷高低变化明显、稳定的石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统中,可以通过高pH与低pH交叉运行方式来进行控制,既能保证脱硫系统安全稳定运行,又能在一定范围内节能降耗,但应通过实际计算来衡量不同运行方式的能耗情况。     

浅谈宝钢不锈钢1#烧结机烟气脱硫系统参数的优化

本文阐述了宝钢不锈钢1#烧结机烟气脱硫系统的工艺及原理,通过分析吸收塔浆液的PH值、浆液的液位高度以及系统负压等参数对脱硫率的影响分析,对各参数进行了有针对性的调整优化,取得了较好的效果,达到了提高脱硫率的目的。     

脱硫塔除雾器安装高度对烟气携液量影响的模拟研究

某电厂运行过程中存在周期性的除雾器阻力上升和结垢现象,造成除雾器局部坍塌。为解决这一问题,通过数值模拟方法对脱硫塔内部气液两相流场进行模拟,研究除雾器距离喷淋层高度(2.0~3.5 m)和喷淋雾化粒径(1500~2500μm)等因素下,除雾器最下沿烟气携带喷淋液滴的情况。计算结果表明:随着除雾器距离喷淋层高度的增加,脱硫塔内部流场更趋均匀化,喷淋液滴到达除雾器的质量浓度相应降低。通过数值模拟得出了量化数据,从而为存在除雾器堵塞坍塌等类似现象的国内燃煤电厂提供诊断思路和优化依据。     

大型火电厂脱硫烟气鼓泡管堵塞的原因及防范策略

本文简要对石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔鼓泡管结垢的原因进行理论分析，并依据台山电厂某台600MW机组A级检修中发现吸收塔鼓泡管堵塞的实际情况从设备结构、运行调整方面进行详细分析，然后提出脱硫运行中防治结垢的措施，提高脱硫系统运行的可靠性。     

浆液循环泵运行电流影响因素分析

在湿法脱硫除尘中,要消耗大量的石灰石、水、电等资源,增大了发电运营成本,尤其是所耗电费,约占脱硫装置总运行费用的80%以上。为了降低脱硫的运行费用,减少脱硫运行电耗。针对华能长春热电厂浆液循环泵、吸收塔浆液液位、浆液密度两个运行参数进行优化分析,以获得良好的经济效果,降低脱硫成本。     

锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝系统运行问题及处理措施

甲醇厂CFB锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝系统改造投运后,脱硫系统出现硫酸铵浆液结晶差、脱硫塔循环喷头堵塞、液氨消耗大、硫酸铵输送玻璃钢管线断裂频繁等问题,SNCR脱硝系统出现了氨水浓度低、NOX指标不合格等问题。以上问题经过技术攻关和设备改造,逐步予以解决并优化了脱硫脱硝运行工况。     

湿法烟气脱硫塔能效特性研究

针对湿法烟气脱硫能效规律欠缺问题,以150 MW超低排放机组湿法脱硫塔为研究对象,基于脱硫设备的主要能耗和脱硫效率构建了脱硫能效指标——脱硫能效值,并采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,探究了液气比、入口烟气量、烟气流速、入口SO₂质量浓度、烟气温度等参数以及不同喷淋层组合方式对脱硫能效特性的影响规律。结果表明：脱硫能效值为0.22~0.96 kg/（kW·h）,并随入口SO₂质量浓度增加呈正比例变化,随喷淋层组合数、液气比和入口烟气温度增加呈反比例变化,随入口烟气量和塔内烟气流速增加先上升后下降。研究结果可为脱硫技术评价和脱硫系统节能运行提供参考。     

气-液膜接触器结构优化及其传质性能研究

以海水作为吸收剂,采用模拟烟气,对气-液膜接触器进行传质性能评价试验,考察其工艺结构参数、气液介质流动速率及方式、气液压差、烟气SO2浓度等因素对传质系数、脱硫率及膜效用的影响.试验表明,在气相压力较低情况下,气液流速、气液压差对总气相传质系数影响明显,而烟气SO2浓度的影响可忽略不计.适当提高膜接触器的填充密度,增加膜吸收级数,采用错流模式的气液流动方式,均可改善烟气流场分布,增大有效传质面积,提高膜效用.与传统吸收塔相比,新型膜气体吸收装置的气液两相独立控制,可灵活应对烟气浓度变化对脱硫稳定性的影响,同时具有低气阻、耐污染、规模可线性放大等优点,工业化应用前景广阔.     

Numerical simulation of semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process in the powder-particle spouted bed

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with the two-fluid model (TFM) was used for simulation of water vaporization and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process in a two dimensional powder-particle spouted bed (PPSB), on the basis of gas-solid two-phase flow, the mathematical and physical models of water vaporization process and flue gas desulfurization reaction process have been established through reasonable hypothesis and simplification of the system. The numerical method was used to simulate the desulfurization reaction process and the heat and mass transfer in the powder-particle spouted bed. Simulation results indicate that water vaporization rate was high in spout and annular regions. The main area where flue gas desulfurization reaction occurs was annular area, as a result, the maximum value of desulfurization product rate appears in the annulus. Under the same condition, the desulfurization efficiency of simulation value is 75.75% when the value of slurry water content equals 40 kg-H₂O/kg-dry_sorbent, which is close to but greater than the experimental value (75.03%). The desulfurization efficiency of spouted bed increases first and then decreases with the increase of water content of desulfurization slurry, and the optimum slurry water content for desulfurization process in powder-particle spouted bed was obtained by numerical simulation, which was 40 kg-H₂O/kg-dry_sorbent.     

新疆某电厂#1机组排烟余热回收系统的设计与运行

论述了新疆某厂一期锅炉增设烟气余热回收系统（LLHS）降低排烟温度的技术路线及节能效果,提出热系统参数的优化原则及纯凝-供热联合系统切换运行模式。增设LLHS后排烟温度降低不小于25℃。机组年均供电煤耗降低2.56g/kWh（含供热期）,每台锅炉年节省标煤2270t,年节水量4.37万t,减少烟囱内净烟气含水率24%,为脱硫系统正常运行提供了保证。     

A modeling and experimental study of flue gas desulfurization in a dense phase tower

We used a dense phase tower as the reactor in a novel semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process to achieve a high desulfurization efficiency of over 95% when the Ca/S molar ratio reaches 1.3. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted for choosing the parameters of the full-scale reactor. Results show that with an increase in the flue gas flow rate the rate of the pressure drop in the dense phase tower also increases, however, the rate of the temperature drop decreases in the non-load hot gas. We chose a water flow rate of 0.6 kg/min to minimize the approach to adiabatic saturation temperature difference and maximize the desulfurization efficiency. To study the flue gas characteristics under different processing parameters, we simulated the desulfurization process in the reactor. The simulated data matched very well with the experimental data. We also found that with an increase in the Ca/S molar ratio, the differences between the simulation and experimental data tend to decrease; conversely, an increase in the flue gas flow rate increases the difference; this may be associated with the surface reactions caused by collision, coalescence and fragmentation between the dispersed phases.     

Industrial Application of a Deep Purification Technology for Flue Gas Involving Phase-Transition Agglomeration and Dehumidification

A moist plume forms when the flue gas emitted from wet desulfurization equipment exits into the ambient air, resulting in a waste of water resources and visual pollution. In addition, sulfur trioxide (SO₃), water with dissolved salts, and particles in the wet flue gas form secondary pollution in the surrounding atmosphere. In this study, a deep purification technology for flue gas involving phase-transition agglomeration and dehumidification (PAD) is proposed. This deep purification technology includes two technical routes: the integrated technology of phase-transition agglomeration and a wet electrostatic precipitator (PAW); and the integrated technology of phase-transition agglomeration and a mist eliminator (PAM). Industrial applications of PAW and PAM were carried out on 630 and 1000 MW coal-fired units, respectively. The results show that the average amount of recycled water obtained from wet flue gas by means of PAD is more than 4 g·(kg·°C)⁻¹. Decreasing the wet flue gas temperature by 1.5–5.3 °C allows 5%–20% of the moisture in the flue gas to be recycled; therefore, this process could effectively save water resources and significantly reduce water vapor emissions. In addition, the moist plume is effectively eliminated. With the use of this process, the ion concentration in droplets of flue gas is decreased by more than 65%, the SO₃ removal efficiency from flue gas is greater than 75%, and the removal efficiency of particulate matter is 92.53%.     

1060 MW燃煤机组烟道流场性能诊断与优化

燃煤机组烟道结构和布置形式不仅决定了烟风系统阻力的大小,而且影响相关设备的运行状态。某2×1060 MW机组引风机至脱硫塔之间的烟道设计不合理,使两台并联引风机中的一台振动严重,致机壳开裂,导致机组长期低负荷运行,影响机组的可靠性和经济性。该文采用流体动力学计算软件对该部分烟道的流场进行数值模拟,分析烟道设计结构中存在的主要问题,结合现场条件提出最优改造方案。改造实施后,该部分烟道的整体阻力降低为300 Pa,并联引风机出口静压偏差低于3%,将引风机振动由4.6 mm/s以上降为2.5 mm/s左右,控制在安全运行允许的范围内。该次优化解决了引风机振动问题并使烟道阻力大幅降低,为电厂创造了经济效益。     

活性炭法脱硫脱硝的自动控制

烧结烟气活性炭法脱硫脱硝技术成功解决了烧结烟气量大、SO2浓度低、成份复杂等脱硫脱硝工艺技术的难题,在烧结脱硫脱硝领域取得了重大突破,其自动控制系统的成功开发与应用使工艺系统得以安全、高效、稳定运行.