聚光型光伏电池的冷却方式

在聚光型光伏发电系统中,冷却方式是必须考虑的问题,各种冷却方式的优缺点和适用场合各不相同,合理的冷却方法不仅可以降低电池温度,平衡光斑不均匀性,还应该具有安装方便、功耗低、可靠性高等特点。介绍了目前较为常用的风冷和水冷方式,以及研究中较有前途的微通道、射流冲击、热管和液浸冷却技术。由于不同结构光伏发电系统的冷却要求不同,选择何种冷却方法也是设计中重要的环节。最后简要分析了冷却方法的选择问题。     

某15MW太阳能屋顶光伏发电工程的应用分析

在对太阳能屋顶光伏发电系统构成及发展意义阐述的基础上,通过对某15MW屋顶光伏发电工程大量实际数据的分析,表明太阳能屋顶光伏发电工程具有良好的社会、经济效益和广阔的发展前景。     

Investigation of solar hybrid system with concentrating Fresnel lens,photovoltaic and thermoelectric generators

An experimental model of a solar hybrid system including photovoltaic (PV) module, concentrating Fresnel lens, thermoelectric generator (TEG), and running water heat extracting unit was created and studied. The PV module used was of c‐Si and TEG of Bi₂Te₃; the Fresnel lens (solar concentrator) and TEG share an optical train, whereas PV module was illuminated separately with non‐concentrated light. Heat extracting unit operated in thermo siphon mode. In climatic conditions of Mexico (Queretaro, 20^o of North latitude, summer time), the Fresnel lens accepted 120 W of solar radiation power, and the system generated 7.0 W of electric power and 30 W of thermal one. The discussion is made of the possible characteristics of a hypothetical hybrid system where all its elements share the same optical train. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用计算机模拟太阳能光伏发电

太阳能光伏发电是利用太阳能电池这种半导体电子器件有效地吸收太阳光辐射能,并使之转换成电能的直接发电方式。开发利用太阳能这种可再生的清洁能源发电是解决能源短缺、保护环境的重要途径。本文概述了太阳能光伏发电技术的研究情况,根据传热学及相关知识建立数学模型,并运用Lab VIEW软件对该系统进行动态模拟与仿真。     

空间站太阳能光伏和热动力电源系统的比较

针对我国未来空间站的建设，对目前可行的电源系统的技术特性做了分析比较。太阳光伏电池技术成熟，有应用经验，但其效率低，面积大，寿命不够理想，后期运行费用很高。太阳能热动力系统利用相变材料蓄热来满足阴影期循环的连续发电要求，具有效率高、结构紧凑、寿命长、质量轻、可靠性好等优点，长期运行的费用低，是一种先进的太阳能电源方案，其中闭式Baryton循环系统总效率可达到17％，在技术上比Stirling循环成熟，是最有可能近期实现的电源。闭式Brayton循环可以作为空间站太阳能电源系统的首选技术方案。     

光伏发电的六象限法太阳自动跟踪系统

为了增加太阳能电池的输出功率,往往采用光伏板自动跟踪太阳的方法。文章在传统的四象限法跟踪基础上,设计了一种六象限法光电式太阳位置检测跟踪装置。采用STC12C5A60S2单片机作为控制芯片,以步进电机作为执行机构,通过单片机控制双步进电机,实现双轴太阳自动跟踪。实验表明,该系统不仅可以实现对太阳的自动跟踪,而且能提高对太阳跟踪的稳定性,具有较高的实用价值。     

Performance enhancement of photovoltaic modules by nanofluid cooling: A comprehensive review

Only 15-20% of solar radiation incident on the photovoltaic (PV) cells is utilized which further reduces due to the rise in the temperature of the PV module and it also degrades the lifespan of the PV module. Therefore, numerous attempts were made to reduce this rising temperature of the PV module and different cooling techniques were employed. Nanofluid cooling is one of the potential cooling techniques for lowering the temperature of the PV module and augmenting the heat transfer by increasing the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid relative to the base fluid (BF). The experimental and numerical studies related to the cooling of PV cells with nanofluids have been reviewed. It was found that the heat transfer from the back of the PV module is enhanced with the augmentation in the concentration of nanoparticle in BF; however, some studies also demonstrate that the enhancement in the heat transfer also depends upon other factors such as the geometry at the rear of the PV module, nanoparticle material, nanoparticle size, BF, ambient conditions, etc. This review article also demonstrates the various issues with nanofluids such as instability, technological difficulties, high system costs, and the impossibility of finding a viable operational design which creates a barrier in the commercialization of the nanofluid cooling technique for PV modules.     

风光互补发电系统中光伏方阵最佳倾角的计算方法

介绍一种计算风光互补发电系统中光伏方阵的最佳倾角的方法。用最小二乘法确定光伏方阵的最佳倾角:先计算出倾角β下各月倾斜面上的太阳能方阵发电量与风机发电量之和,然后减去各月负载耗电量的差,再求出一年内上述差值的平方和,能使得此平方和取得最小值的倾角即为方阵最佳倾角β。根据此方法确定出的最佳倾角可以使太阳能和风机发电量相对不足的月份的发电量尽量接近负载需求量,同时又可以解决有的月份风光发电量远大于负载需求,造成极大浪费的问题。     

A new production cost effectiveness factor for assessing photovoltaic module cooling techniques

Numerous cooling techniques are available to reduce photovoltaic module (PV) temperature and thus improve PV efficiency. Sometimes, the manufacturing cost of some PV cooling techniques is higher as compared with their power productivity, and thus the cost parameter is needed to be taken into consideration to justify producing certain PV cooling techniques. This paper is intended to link the manufacturing cost of the PV cooler with its output power by providing an economic analysis as there is a research gap in previous studies related to the economic aspect of these products. It proposes a new method by defining and deriving a new parameter called the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor whose value is affected by the PV efficiency gained of a PV with and without a cooler, the manufacturing cost of the PV cooling technique, and the cost of one watt of PV power. Based on the value of this new factor, three possible classifications are suggested. They are production/not production cost effective or neutral. To determine the optimum PV cooler, the minimum value of the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor is defined. The applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated. It is shown that the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor and its minimum value are helpful in classifying the PV cooling techniques based on their power productivity and manufacturing cost. This parameter may have a potential to be used by PV cooling technique designers and manufacturers on making their design decisions.     

太阳能制冷系统低温储粮研究

总结了国内外太阳能制冷低温储粮的研究进展,介绍了太阳能吸收式制冷和吸附式制冷的工作原理及系统组成,分析了太阳能制冷低温储粮的优点、应用前景及尚待解决的问题。     

中国太阳能光伏发电产业的现状与前景

光伏发电技术可直接将太阳光转换成电能,没有任何污染,有助于解决全球变暖的问题和我国的能源安全问题。文中介绍了光伏发电的市场和技术发展状况,叙述了太阳能电池、并网发电以及光伏一体化建筑技术,提出了“阳光三峡”的理念,展望了国内光伏发电的前景。     

一种聚光型太阳能光伏系统的研究

讨论了多平面镜作直线布置的聚光器设计原理,给出了单镜面的面积计算方法和平面镜二维旋转角度的计算方法,并分析了在太阳能电池接收最佳光强Em可获得最佳发电量控制策略要求。实验采用9平面镜构成抛物面聚光器,太阳能电池接收光源达到额定光强的5倍左右,在太阳能电池标准配置下很大地提高了光伏系统的输出功率。     

新疆光伏发电发展前景展望

太阳能是人类取之不尽用之不竭的可再生能源,具有充分的清洁性、绝对的安全性、相对的广泛性、确实的长寿命和免维护性、资源的充足性及潜在的经济性等优点,在长期的能源战略中具有重要地位。详述了新疆光伏发电发展现状,进行了新疆发展光伏发电的可行性分析和发展前景展望。     

Utilisation of solar photovoltaic pumping for aeration systems in aquaculture ponds

This research pertains to solar photovoltaic (PV) pumping for aeration of aquaculture ponds and evaluates it economically. A stand-alone photovoltaic aeration system based on recycling of water at 10 cm under the water surface, at the surface (0 cm) and above the surface (30 cm) on a perforated tray was evaluated. The effect of pump discharges (35, 50, 65 L/min) on standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) was investigated. Results revealed that the daily averages of PV energy output, PV efficiency and load energy were 0.844 kWh/d, 9.87% and 0.615 kWh/d, respectively, at 65 L/min and 42.7°C PV temperature. Water flow upward at 30 cm over the perforated tray in the radial direction proved to be better since it gave an opportunity for the exchange of gaseous between the water and the atmosphere. The SOTR and SAE for the third position were 0.025 kgO₂/h and 0.1 kgO₂/kW h, respectively.     

自动跟踪聚焦式太阳能光伏发电技术

详细阐述了已研制成功的精密太阳能自动跟踪聚集式光伏发电系统的组成，包括结构、部件、配套设备等，同时介绍了系统的主要技术，分析了该技术的先进性及其带来的经济效益。     

Performance of off-grid residential solar photovoltaic power systems using five solar tracking modes in Kunming,China

This paper compares the performance of a 2.02 kW_p off-grid residential solar photovoltaic (PV) power system using PVSYST simulation software for a household in Kunming, Yunnan province, China. The monthly available solar energy; missing energy; array, final, and reference yields, performance ratio; and array capture and system losses were analyzed for five solar tracking modes: fixed tilted plane, seasonal tilt adjustment, horizontal axis tracking, vertical axis tracking, and dual axis tracking. Although there were some similar aspects across the five systems, minimum available solar energy (2461 kWh/y) and maximum missing energy (134.68 kWh/y) were obtained using the fixed tilted plane system (tilt angle = 25°, azimuth angle = 0°), whereas maximum available solar energy (3081 kWh/y) and minimum missing energy (48.53 kWh/y) in October were obtained using the dual axis tracking system. Average monthly performance ratio was maximal for the fixed tilted plane system (0.689), and minimal for the dual axis tracking system (0.596).     

太阳能家用电源市场化发展问题

经过20多年的发展,太阳能家用电源已经具备了市场化的基础。从光伏项目的实效看,在现阶段太阳能家用电源要比光伏电站更有优势。今后国家对于逐渐走向成熟的太阳能家用电源市场,应给予持续稳定的扶持政策。文章对“送电到村”工程的实施提出了具体建议。     

基于太阳能光伏热利用的光伏/热电(PV/TV)建筑一体化试验研究

将太阳能电池板、集热器、热电发电片结合起来,设计并制成了一套光伏/热电(PV/TV)系统,在利用太阳能电池发电的同时,收集热量并利用其发电。在北京地区进行了该系统的室外模拟试验,测试并讨论了该系统在不同结构和不同环境下的性能,探讨该系统在光伏建筑中的应用。试验结果表明,与单纯的光伏发电系统或太阳能热水系统相比,PV/TV系统具有占地面积小、综合效率高等优点。     

A multistage solar still with photovoltaic panels and DC water heater using a pyramid glass cover enhanced by external cooling shower and PCM

A novel multistage solar desalination system with a photovoltaic heater was manufactured. The base of the down basin of the solar still had a layer of paraffin wax with a mass of 13 kg as a phase change material. The system has been studied to evaluate the enhancement of freshwater. Saltwater was heated by solar radiation and by a direct current water heater. The surfaces of condensation vapor, such as the pyramid glass cover and lower surface of two stacked trays, were designed. This is to improve the productivity of freshwater by decreasing the resistance of condensation. The high temperature of the glass cover is modified by using a cooling water shower, especially at the highest intensity. The study includes parameters, such as cooling water shower flow rate, down basin water level, and the effect of the heater. It is observed that the novel solar desalination is proportional to solar radiation, paraffin wax, the heat input from a heater, cooling water shower flow rate, and down basin water level. The Multiple Stage Effect Photovoltaic Heater (MSEPVH) can produce 15 L/day of distilled water. The excellent flow rate of cooling water, the total freshwater, and the efficiency of MSEPVH for the optimal day were mathematically and experimentally determined.     

太阳能光伏发电技术的特点及其发展

从太阳能光伏发电技术的核心器件太阳电池出发,介绍了各类太阳电池的特点和发展情况,重点介绍了硅基太阳电池、化合物太阳电池和染料敏化太阳电池等的技术研发状况,并分析了我国光伏发电技术的发展路线。