结合DL-safe规则发现日志本体频繁模式的方法

为发现语义Web使用记录中所蕴含的有效信息,本文提出了一种挖掘日志本体频繁Web访问模式的方法。该方法引入应用访问规则集和观察集分别表示日志信息动态变化的语义规则和使用事实,并在DL安全的限定下将日志本体和应用访问规则集相结合构成一个推理过程可判定的混合知识库。在此基础上,利用日志本体中事件整分关系的语义构建访问模式学习的事务模型,并采用ILP的方法学习生成频繁用户访问模式树,解决了推理访问模式中非描述逻辑原子的问题。实验结果表明该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Ontologies: giving semantics to network management models

The multiplicity of network management models may imply in some scenarios the use of multiple management information languages defining the resources to be managed. Each language has a different level of semantic expressiveness, which is not easily measurable. Also, these management information models cannot be easily integrated due to the difficulty of translation of the semantics they contain. The article proposes the use of ontologies as a new approach to improving the semantic expressiveness of management information languages. Ontologies are currently used, for instance, to provide Web pages and Web services the semantics they usually lack (known today as the semantic Web). Applying ontologies to management information languages can also be useful for integration of information definitions specified by different management languages and adding behavior information to them.     

News: data-driven enterprise - slouching toward the semantic Web

Many organizations are still trying to figure out how to build a mostly object-oriented Web services system. In explaining the semantic Web's enterprise possibilities, the author emphasizes the benefits of direct access to the data within applications rather than integrating the applications themselves. Some industry observers still see the semantic Web as a theoretician's dream. Enterprises are still trying to figure out how to integrate applications via Web services and service-oriented architectures, so asking them to begin drawing up semantic Web capable taxonomies anytime soon isn't realistic. The knowledge sharing that would entice enterprises would allow relational databases to directly import ontologies and rules just as easily as they use standard SQL insert, update, and delete statements. Ontologies can act as the glue between multiple information sources, providing a consistent view of all the information, augmenting it and filling in the gaps. The best route for success will be to stop emphasizing what the semantic Web might do in the future and work instead on practical steps to improve the architecture.     

Semi-automatic knowledge extraction, representation and context-sensitive intelligent retrieval of video content using collateral context modelling with scalable ontological networks

Automatic indexing and retrieval of digital data poses major challenges. The main problem arises from the ever increasing mass of digital media and the lack of efficient methods for indexing and retrieval of such data based on the semantic content rather than keywords. To enable intelligent web interactions, or even web filtering, we need to be capable of interpreting the information base in an intelligent manner. For a number of years research has been ongoing in the field of ontological engineering with the aim of using ontologies to add such (meta) knowledge to information. In this paper, we describe the architecture of a system (Dynamic REtrieval Analysis and semantic metadata Management (DREAM)) designed to automatically and intelligently index huge repositories of special effects video clips, based on their semantic content, using a network of scalable ontologies to enable intelligent retrieval. The DREAM Demonstrator has been evaluated as deployed in the film post-production phase to support the process of storage, indexing and retrieval of large data sets of special effects video clips as an exemplar application domain. This paper provides its performance and usability results and highlights the scope for future enhancements of the DREAM architecture which has proven successful in its first and possibly most challenging proving ground, namely film production, where it is already in routine use within our test bed Partners’ creative processes.     

Acquisition of Soft Taxonomies for Intelligent Personal Hierarchies and the Soft Semantic Web

Information overload is a problem at an individual and a corporate level. Many solutions have been proposed, including knowledge management, data warehouses, service directories and digital libraries. The semantic Web aims to unify many of these approaches by appropriate markup and agreement on the meaning of the markup. At the individual's level, these techniques partially solve the problem by classifying documents within hierarchical structures and enabling searching and browsing of the documents. However, they also contribute to the problem as there is no unique categorisation and access structure that suits every individual. Finding the right document becomes a two-stage process — first find the right place in the categorisation scheme, then find the document within that class. In addition to enterprise-wide sources, individual information sources include e-mails, electronic documents in many formats, personal and group filespaces, notes, diary entries, etc. These are unlikely to conform to the enterprise categorisation but form useful resources nevertheless. The idea of an intelligent personal hierarchy for information (iPHI) is to auto-configure access to multiple sources of information based on personal categories. This entails fuzzy matching of meta-data structure as well as content. Metadata is a powerful tool in intelligent information management; however, it is not necessarily uniform, either in label or in content. One document's ‘author’ is another's ‘creator’; ‘John Smith’, ‘Smith, John’ and ‘J.Smith’ all refer to the same individual but are syntactically different. Fusion (or intelligent integration) of information takes place in an environment where the data may be of varying quality, and some may be incomplete or inconsistent. Combining metadata (and the associated data) is not possible without knowing (or learning) the mappings between their ontologies. Such mappings are likely to be soft, i.e. approximate — different sources arise from different designers with different world views. Soft computing is vital to tackle these problems. Frequently, data sources are organised implicitly, according to an internal ontology or taxonomy. Knowing this ontology or taxonomy is a necessary first step to using it in the fusion process. The work described in this paper extracts the implicit taxonomy and enables a user's interaction with the data (e.g. searching) to be expressed in their preferred terms rather than those used by the system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Semantically Enriched Clinical Guideline Model Enabling Deployment in Heterogeneous Healthcare Environments

Clinical guidelines are developed to assist healthcare practitioners to make decisions on patient's medical problems, and as such they communicate with external applications to retrieve patient data to initiate medical actions through clinical workflows, and transmit information to alert/reminder systems. The interoperability problems in the healthcare information technology domain prevent wider deployment of clinical guidelines because each deployment requires a tedious custom adaptation phase. In this paper, we provide machine-processable mechanisms that express the semantics of clinical guideline interfaces so that automated processes can be used to access the clinical resources for guideline deployment and execution. To be able to deploy the semantically extended guidelines to healthcare settings semiautomatically, the underlying application's semantics must also be available. We describe how this can be achieved based on two prominent implementation technologies in use in the eHealth domain: integrating healthcare enterprise cross-enterprise document sharing integration profile for discovering and exchanging electronic healthcare records and Web service technology for interacting with the clinical workflows and wireless medical sensor devices. The system described in this paper is realized within the scope of the SAPHIRE Project.      

基于． NET技术的科技管理信息系统--以沃尔沃汽车展示网站为例

“互联网＋”时代,大众对信息的系统服务也提出了新的要求。本文应用ASP技术,深入探讨了基于Web的汽车展示系统工作原理,对适合系统的Web技术和数据库做出了优化选择。针对汽车网站的需求分析,开发了基本信息设置、新闻中心、产品中心、留言管理、管理员管理和退出后台管理六大功能模块;而且阐述了支持网站的SQL数据库,并从其功能、结构、风格上进行了设计;同时利用数据库视图、触发器技术实现了系统中约束规则在数据层与应用层的合理划分。     

Quality matters, especially in sharing knowledge [From the Editor]

These days, all it takes is a few clicks of the mouse for a person to access massive amounts of information and data through Web pages, blogs, or social-centric Web sites. This easy-to-access and fast-to-find information is what makes the era we live in a special one. But with all this advancements comes the question of quality . Does the shared knowledge have high quality? What sources can one rely on to access quality knowledge? This is where publications such as IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (SPM) play an important role. Signal processing as indicated by our new editor-in-chief, Dr. Li Deng, is going through a transformation from focusing on low-level signals such as waveforms to dealing with semantic and human-centric signals. This signal processing transformation has to be accompanied by a metamorphosis in how the community exchanges high-quality knowledge and how the community members learn from each other.     

元数据适配器与面向空间信息应用的数据网格

提出了一种将具有不同语法与语义特性的元数据解释成为应用所需要的格式和语义的元数据适配器,并将元数据适配器使用到空间信息网格之中,基于数据的内在特性构建分布、异构、协同、单一访问接口的遥感数据目录,进而实现适合于空间信息应用的更加强大和灵活的数据网格.在构建"汶川地震应急遥感数据服务系统"的过程中,所提出的元数据适配器和空间信息网格的相关技术在实用性和有效性等方面得到了验证,证明了元数据适配器在整合多源遥感元数据和构建面向空间信息应用的数据网格的可行性和高效率.     

The Future of Web Services

Much of the Web's success can be attributed to its simplicity. It offers a straightforward means by which static information could be published and interconnected on a global basis. The Web Services initiative effectively adds computational objects to the static information of yesterday's Web and as such offers a distributed services capability over a network. Web Services have the potential to create new paradigms for both the delivery of software capabilities and the models by which networked enterprises will trade. Today's Web Services technology, useful though it is, will be enhanced over the next 2-5 years by the harnessing of Semantic Web technology to deliver a step change in capability. Web Services provide an easy way to make existing (or indeed new) components available to applications via the Internet. However, currently, Web Services are essentially described using semi-structured natural language mechanisms, which means that considerable human intervention is needed to find and combine Web Services into an end application. The Semantic Web will enable the accessing of Web resources by semantic content rather than just by keywords. Resources (in this case Web Services) are defined in such a way that they can be automatically ‘understood’ and processed by machine. This will enable the realisation of Semantic Web Services, involving the automation of service discovery, acquisition, composition and monitoring. Software agents will be able automatically to create new services from already published services, with potentially huge implications for models of eBusiness. Having identified limitations in current Web Services technology, this paper will survey existing research in Semantic Web Services, most notably USA's DAML-S initiative and the European WSMF work, and describe BT's research into creating a set of tools to support next-generation Semantic Web Services. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interoperability of Security-Enabled Internet of Things

The future Internet will embrace the intelligence of Web 3.0 and the omnipresence of every day connected objects. The later was envisioned as the Internet of Things. Security and interoperability concerns are hindering the service innovations using the Internet of Things. This paper addresses secure access provision to Internet of Things-enabled services and interoperability of security attributes between different administrative domains. In this paper we proposed a layered architecture of Internet of Things framework where a semantically enhanced overlay interlink the other layers and facilitate secure access provision to Internet of Things-enabled services. The main element of semantic overlay is security reasoning through ontologies and semantic rules. Finally the interoperability of security aspect is addressed through ontology and a machine-to-machine platform. This paper provides implementation details of security reasoning and the interoperability aspects and discusses crucial challenges in these areas.     

基于多项式回归的预取技术的研究

Web预取技术和缓存技术对缓解访问延迟有一定的作用,但各有利弊。这．里将预取技术与语义缓存技术相结合,对用户查询的访问频率进行实时监测,并通过多项式回归算法对用户的下一周期访问概率进行预测。采用基于多项式回归预取技术构建的预测模型,可以实现动态在线预测,既可避免兴趣漂移引起的预取不确定性,又可以减少历史信息的存储量,科学合理地解决Web访问延迟的问题。     

XML数据岛结合AJAX实现Web的异步刷新

数据岛作为HTML文档的一种交互手段,它通过特定的标记将XML元素嵌入到HTML页面中,能够很好地展示和更新信息。网络的响应速度是Web应用开发的关键,AJAX作为一种新的应用程序技术,在Web应用程序开发中有独特的优势,本文通过实例结合AJAX．NET和XML数据岛技术实现Web页面的异步刷新,实验表明,在Web应用程序开发过程中,使用AJAX技术能降低网络负载,提高数据访问速度。     

ADO．NET数据访问技术在电子档案管理系统中的应用

数据访问技术是Web数据库系统中最频繁的操作,是任何实际应用程序的核心部分。文中通过ADO．NET数据访问技术在电子档案管理系统中的应用实例,对使用ADO．NET数据访问技术来提高数据库访问的效率和性能进行了探讨。     

基于开放教育的知识管理系统架构研究

采用基于语义网技术的知识管理系统将知识以本体的方式表现,并将本体采取知识管理的方式加以利用,在开放教育机构的海量数据中挖掘出有用的知识对于我国学习型社会的创建具有积极的意义,同时也是综合应用语义技术,建立知识发现与管理的应用系统综合研究的一个重要方向。     

Ajax应用安全研究

Ajax可为Web应用提供丰富的事件和语义操作,正在成为互联网应用和企业信息系统开发的一种革命性技术。但是,如果对采用Ajax技术而导致Web应用体系结构的变化所引起的安全风险没有足够的重视,Ajax技术将可能使Web应用引入更多的内在安全风险。文中通过对Ajax技术原理的综述,分析了Ajax技术的安全隐患及其可能导致的各种安全漏洞,提出了Ajax应用的安全开发原则,最后讨论了支持Ajax应用安全评测的软件工具。     

基于物联网技术的供水信息系统设计与实现

通过对城市供水工艺流程以及在此过程中信息收集与管理业务的分析,设计并实现了一个基于物联网技术的供水信息系统。在系统开发中,针对无线网络频繁断接、高延迟、低可靠性等特点,采用Web服务技术架构了一个分层无线计算软件模型。并重点介绍了在无线环境中采用WSE确保Web服务安全以及通过异步调用Web服务、缓存Web服务、大数据...