海泡石填充PE保鲜膜的研制及其在平菇保鲜中的应用

以LDPE/LLDPE(4:1)为基材,选择具有调湿性能的酸活化海泡石为无机填充剂,针对改善薄膜的透气性和透湿性,制备了不同添加量的海泡石PE保鲜膜。结果表明:随着海泡石添加量的增多,薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率不断降低,但薄膜的透氧率和透湿性能得到改善。通过对平菇保鲜实验,证明酸活化处理的海泡石填充膜对平菇的保鲜效果优于未包装的对照组。以填充40份酸活化处理的海泡石填充膜包装的平菇保鲜效果最好,其包装的平菇的呼吸高峰出现最晚,且呼吸峰值最低(383.6mL/kg.h),第6d的失重率为5.34%,在15℃左右下可保鲜7d,比未包装的对照组延长了5d。      

海泡石填充PE保鲜膜的研制及其在平菇保鲜中的应用

以LDPE/LLDPE(4:1)为基材,选择具有调湿性能的酸活化海泡石为无机填充剂,针对改善薄膜的透气性和透湿性,制备了不同添加量的海泡石PE保鲜膜.结果表明:随着海泡石添加量的增多,薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率不断降低,但薄膜的透氧率和透湿性能得到改善.通过对平菇保鲜实验,证明酸活化处理的海泡石填充膜对平菇的保鲜效果优于未包装的对照组.以填充40份酸活化处理的海泡石填充膜包装的平菇保鲜效果最好,其包装的平菇的呼吸高峰出现最晚,且呼吸峰值最低(383.6mL/kg·h),第6d的失重率为5.34%,在15℃左右下可保鲜7d,比未包装的对照组延长了5d.     

增塑剂对甘薯淀粉膜机械及渗透性能的影响

鉴于塑料食品包装带来的严重环境问题,研究可食、可降解的包装薄膜非常必要。本文以抗张强度、断裂伸长率、透湿性和透氧性为指标,研究增塑剂对甘薯淀粉膜性能的影响。结果表明,甘油和山梨醇的增塑效果优于聚乙二醇和蔗糖,使膜的断裂伸长率和透湿性更大,透氧性更小。甘油(浓度>5g/100g淀粉)可以显著降低甘薯淀粉膜的抗张强度,较高浓度甘油(浓度>10g/100g淀粉)可以显著改善甘薯淀粉膜的断裂伸长率。甘油的添加使甘薯淀粉膜的透湿性增加。较低浓度甘油(浓度≤7g/100g淀粉)的添加降低甘薯淀粉膜的透氧性,高浓度甘油(浓度>10g/100g淀粉)又使透氧性有所增加,但总体上用甘油增塑的淀粉膜的透氧性均比未增塑的对照膜的透氧性小。      

增塑剂对甘薯淀粉膜机械及渗透性能的影响

鉴于塑料食品包装带来的严重环境问题,研究可食、可降解的包装薄膜非常必要.本文以抗张强度、断裂伸长率、透湿性和透氧性为指标,研究增塑剂对甘薯淀粉膜性能的影响.结果表明,甘油和山梨醇的增塑效果优于聚乙二醇和蔗糖,使膜的断裂伸长率和透湿性更大,透氧性更小.甘油(浓度>5g/100g淀粉)可以显著降低甘薯淀粉膜的抗张强度,较高浓度甘油(浓度>10g/100g淀粉)可以显著改善甘薯淀粉膜的断裂伸长率.甘油的添加使甘薯淀粉膜的透湿性增加.较低浓度甘油(浓度≤7g/100g淀粉)的添加降低甘薯淀粉膜的透氧性,高浓度甘油(浓度>10g/100g淀粉)又使透氧性有所增加,但总体上用甘油增塑的淀粉膜的透氧性均比未增塑的对照膜的透氧性小.     

鲜切西兰花的PE薄膜保鲜包装技术研究

在商业贮运温度(4℃)和货架储存温度(25℃)及不同湿度(RH40%、60%、80%)条件下,采用厚度为0.006、0.011、0.017mm的普通聚乙烯薄膜(PE)及0.018、0.028、0.039mm的激光打孔PE膜对鲜切西兰花进行保鲜包装。以西兰花的感官品质、失重率和叶绿素含量为评价指标,并利用薄膜的透湿性实验对相关机理进行了探讨。结果表明,激光打孔PE薄膜的透湿率大于普通PE薄膜;对同种薄膜而言,随着厚度的增加,透湿率减少。在25℃环境下贮存4d,激光打孔膜包装的霉变现象比普通PE膜严重,且对同种薄膜而言,厚度越大,包装试样的黄化和霉变程度越轻,保鲜包装效果越好。激光打孔膜包装试样的失重率和失重速率均明显大于普通PE膜;在相同贮存条件下,PE薄膜越厚,试样的失重率越小。故从包装试样的感官品质和水分的保持方面看,普通PE膜优于激光打孔PE膜,且薄膜越厚效果越好。随着贮存时间的延长,试样中的总叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势;从叶绿素的保持方面而言,薄膜越厚,保鲜效果最好,且试样中叶绿素a的损失幅度和速率远远大于叶绿素b。4℃的低温贮存环境利于产品感官品质、水分及总叶绿素含量的保持,利于其PE薄膜的保鲜包装。     

膨润土/PVA膜对芒果常温贮藏品质的影响

通过制备填充膨润土的聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜,研究在常温贮藏期间,膨润土/PVA膜对5号香芒贮藏品质的影响。采用扫描电镜对膨润土/PVA膜进行表征,测定膜的吸水性、拉伸强度等物理性质。对贮藏期间芒果的失重率、腐烂指数、呼吸强度、可滴定酸含量和可溶性糖含量等指标进行检测,分析膨润土/PVA膜对芒果贮藏品质的影响。研究结果表明,膨润土能均匀地分散于PVA聚合物中,膨润土/PVA膜的阻隔性能优于纯的PVA膜。在芒果保鲜试验中,膨润土/PVA膜包装芒果的失重率和腐烂指数比对照组分别下降了25.92%和51.17%,并有效地抑制了芒果的呼吸作用,减缓了可滴定酸的降解和可溶性糖的积累,降低了果胶的转化速度。膨润土/PVA膜显著地保存了芒果贮藏过程中的营养成分,延缓了芒果的后熟进程,对感官品质没有影响,达到保鲜效果。     

钛酸酯偶联剂在碳酸钙填充SF/PVA共混膜中的应用

为解决碳酸钙粉体表面与SF/PVA共混体系的结合能力较差,易形成聚集体,造成在有机共混体系中分散不均匀等问题,使用钛酸酯偶联剂处理碳酸钙填充的SF/PVA共混溶液,制备出以碳酸钙为填充物的SF/PVA共混膜,探讨钛酸酯偶联剂对碳酸钙填充共混膜的力学性能和湿态稳定性的影响。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂的质量分数为0.5%时,成膜性能较好,对共混膜的力学性能及湿态稳定性的改善均具有明显的效果,共混膜的拉伸强力和断裂伸长率可分别达到49.7 MPa和873.4%,溶失率为1.03%,之后随着偶联剂用量的增加,力学性能反而逐步减小,溶失率逐渐增大。     

纳米SiO_2改性聚丙烯薄膜的制备及力学性能研究

为了提高聚丙烯薄膜的力学性能,研制了一种纳米Si O2改性剂,采用熔融共混法将纳米改性剂填充到聚丙烯树脂中,流延、双向拉伸制备聚丙烯/纳米Si O2复合薄膜,并对其拉伸性能、穿刺性能等力学性能及阻隔性能(透湿)进行测试。结果表明,当纳米Si O2质量分数为0.8%时,改性薄膜的拉伸强度较未改性薄膜提高18%,杨氏模量提高58%,断裂伸长率提高65%。     

聚乙烯醇基涂膜材料纳米SiO2改性对其成膜包装效能特性的影响

采用纳米SiO2对聚乙烯醇(PVA)基复合涂膜包装材料进行改性,通过测定PVA基纳米复合涂膜材料的成膜透湿率、吸水率、透光率、透气性以及抑菌效果,研究纳米SiO2对其成膜包装效能特性的影响。结果表明:纳米SiO2改性PVA基复合膜的透湿率(18.78g/(m2.d))比未改性PVA基复合膜(27.39g/(m2.d))降低31.43%,吸水率(1.40%)降低了35.34%,透O2率(0.055g/(m2.d)和透CO2率(0.174g/(m2.d))分别降低了17.91%和18.31%,且复合膜的抑菌性能也得到提高。纳米SiO2改性可显著提高PVA基纳复合涂膜材料的阻隔性,尤其是阻湿阻水性等成膜包装效能特性,改善其食品保鲜包装的应用效果。     

亚麻籽胶的成膜性和起泡性

亚麻籽胶的成膜性受其浓度和甘油浓度的影响。随着亚麻籽胶浓度的增加,膜的拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率降低,透湿性增加,透氧性降低。随着甘油浓度的增加,拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率上升,透湿性和透氧性均增加。亚麻籽胶具有较好的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the