容迟网络场景监测自适应路由研究

在容迟网络中,由于节点分别相对稀疏,节点的移动性较强,造成链路时断时续,不存在端到端的路径,因此节点的移动性对路由性能有很大影响.不同的运动模型链路连通规律是不同的,设计针对性的路由算法,充分利用节点运动规律对提高路由整体性能有极大帮助.然而节点的运动模型不是一成不变的,监测运动模型变化并且切换路由策略是提高复杂运动中节点间数据收发的成功率的基础.设计监测节点运动环境变化算法,建立自适应路由模型,很好地解决了路由算法随节点运动状态改变的问题.通过仿真实验可以看出,算法可以准确监测运动模型变化,及时调整路由策略.     

容迟容断网络路由协议研究

容迟容断网络近年来得到了广泛的研究和应用.容迟容断网络中源节点和目的节点之间不存在持续稳定的端到端路径,因而传统网络的路由协议无法适用于容迟容断网络.为了完成容迟容断网络消息传输,采用基于存储-转发的路由机制.容迟容断网络路由协议性能受链路生存时间、节点缓存大小以及网络中节点移动模型等影响.对容迟容断网络路由协议的研究和进展进行了较为深入的探讨,对主要路由协议的性能进行了比较,并总结了未来的研究方向.     

战术通信中异构Ad-hoc网络路由策略

针对战术通信中的网络异构性和节点群组移动性,在建立群组移动模型的基础上,采用簇头稳定分簇算法动态划分管理异构网络分层结构,提出基于链路状态的分层路由策略整合异构无线资源。该策略分为区内路由策略和区间路由策略,面向不同网络层次采用不同路由机制。OPNET仿真结果表明,该策略的分组成功接收率和平均端到端延时性能均优于分层AODV协议。     

一种基于历史相遇信息的容迟网络地理路由算法

为使消息在容迟网络中更有效地传输,将节点的地理位置、移动方向等地理信息与节点间的历史相遇频繁程度相结合,提出一种新的容迟网络地理路由算法。该算法将移动节点间的历史相遇信息作为分配消息副本的依据,从而减少复制策略路由算法中的副本数量。利用邻居节点移动方向所构成的夹角对中继节点的选择进一步优化,得到较高的投递率以及较低的端到端平均时延。仿真结果表明,当节点移动相对缓慢并且消息生存周期较短时,该算法的消息投递率优于Spray&Wait,Epidemic,Prophet等路由算法,在消息生存周期较短的情况下,当节点的缓存资源为限制路由算法性能的瓶颈因素时,与Epidemic算法相比,网络负载率降低40%,与Prophet算法相比负载降低了25%,有效减少了平均跳数和平均时延。     

容迟网络多副本路由技术研究

容迟网络作为移动自组网和传感器网络的最新发展形式,在智能公路、生物监测、卫星通信、乡村通信、个人信息交换等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。容迟网络路由设计是一个富有挑战性和前景的新兴研究领域,首先介绍容迟网络路由技术的基础及其分类,然后对其中的多副本路由算法进行深入研究和比较,最后结合该领域当前研究现状,对未来研究容迟网络多副本路由算法进行总结和展望。     

EMRPP：一种DTMSN组播路由算法

针对容迟移动传感器网络（Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network,DTMSN）网络的容迟及节点的移动性特点,提出了一种新的基于概率预测的能量均衡组播路由算法（Energy-balanced Multicast Routing based Probability Probabilistic,EMRPP）。该算法采用到达概率选择路由下一跳的方式,且考虑了节点能量对算法性能的影响。仿真结果表明,EMRPP算法在数据传输率和平均传输延迟方面的性能要优于改进之前的PROPHET算法,是一种有效的容迟移动网络组播路由方案。     

一种移动容迟网络体系结构及其应用

移动容迟网络利用节点移动带来的通信机会,在非全连通的网络中提供低成本高可用性的传输服务.移动公交车组成的网络是典型的移动容迟网络,城市中公交车网络具有覆盖范围广、移动路线固定等优点,适合城市环境信息收集和分发等多种应用.结合移动容迟网络的特性,提出了层次化的移动容迟网络体系结构和3层网络架构,结合城市中公交车辆,研究并设计了若干关键技术,包括Internet快速接入机制、公平的数据收集机制、基于地理位置的数据分发机制和缓存管理与调度机制.通过真实场景下的实验和基于trace的仿真实验,验证了提出的算法和机制具有较好的性能和鲁棒性.     

容迟与容断网络中的路由协议

作为一种新型的端到端存储转发网络体系结构,容迟与容断网络(delay and disruption tolerant network)具有间歇连接、频繁割裂、时延极高、非对称的数据速率、较高的误码率、异构互连等特点,传统的Internet、移动Ad Hoc网络和传感网的路由协议难以有效应用在容迟与容断网络中,容迟与容断网络路由面临新的挑战.在简要介绍了容迟与容断网络的基本特性和路由协议设计挑战之后,提出了路由协议评估指标.然后从单播路由、组播路由和选播路由3个方面介绍了容迟与容断网络路由协议的研究进展,最后对主要路由协议进行了综合比较,并指出了未来的研究方向.     

容迟网络中基于节点能量考虑的混合散发与等待路由算法

容迟网络DTN是一个新兴的研究领域,这种网络中节点之间的连接时常发生中断并且难以预测,目前一个常用的解决办法是使用多拷贝路由。但是,考虑到网络中多数节点能量供应受限的特点,大量额外的消息拷贝传输会使网络中部分节点能量迅速消耗,直至节点停止工作,导致整个网络的路由性能快速下降。针对容迟网络中的散发等待路由算法[1],利用网络中不同节点在能量供应方面不同的特点,本文提出了混合散发等待路由算法。仿真结果表明,与二分法散发与等待路由算法相比,这种路由算法通过不同程度地利用各节点上的能量供应,在递交成功率、平均延迟方面能够取得较大改善。     

基于效用的容迟网络路由技术研究*

容迟网络作为移动自组网和传感器网络最新的发展形式,在智能公路、生物监测、卫星通信、乡村通信、个人信息交换等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。容迟网络路由设计是一个富有挑战性和前景的新兴研究领域,本文概述了容迟网络路由技术的发展、面临的挑战和评价指标,对容迟网络路由协议进行了分类,详细介绍了目前主要基于效用的路由协议基本原理和特点,并进行深入分析和比较,最后结合该领域当前研究现状,对未来研究容迟网络效用路由算法进行了总结和展望。     

SmallWorld Model-Based Polylogarithmic Routing Using Mobile Nodes

The use of mobile nodes to improve network system performance has drawn considerable attention recently. The movement-assisted model considers mobility as a desirable feature,where routing is based on the store-carry-forward paradigm with random or controlled movement of resource rich mobile nodes.The application of such a model has been used in several emerging networks,including mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs),wireless sensor networks(WSNs),and delay tolerant networks(DTNs).It is well known that mobility increases the capacity of MANETs by reducing the number of relays for routing,prolonging the lifespan of WSNs by using mobile nodes in place of bottleneck static sensors,and ensuring network connectivity in DTNs using mobile nodes to connect different parts of a disconnected network.Trajectory planning and the coordination of mobile nodes are two important design issues aiming to optimize or balance several measures, including delay,average number of relays,and moving distance.In this paper,we propose a new controlled mobility model with an expected polylogarithmic number of relays to achieve a good balance among several contradictory goals,including delay,the number of relays,and moving distance.The model is based on the small-world model where each static node has"short"link connections to its nearest neighbors and"long"link connections to other nodes following a certain probability distribution.Short links are regular wireless connections whereas long links are implemented using mobile nodes.Various issues are considered,including trade-offs between delay and average number of relays,selection of the number of mobile nodes,and selection of the number of long links.The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated analytically as well as through simulation.     

基于话题相关的文档集的无向基本要素网络的连通性探讨

基于数量有限的文档,该文构建以基本要素中的head和modifier为节点的无向网络UBEN,调查了话题相关文档的UBEN的连通性,指出了话题相关的文档的UBEN具有的特性。讨论停用词对UBEN连通性的影响,比较了相关文档集和随机文档集的UBEN的联通特性的差异,指出了连通性在一定程度上是文档之间内容相关导致的融合结果。结论对多文档自动文摘和信息检索等任务有一定的意义。     

延迟容忍传感器网络基于相对距离的数据传输

延迟容忍移动无线传感器网络(delay tolerant mobile sensor network,简称DTMSN)用于广泛数据收集.与传统的传感器网络不同,DTMSN 具有节点移动性、间歇连通性并且能够容忍适当的延迟,因此传统传感器网络的数据收集算法不能适用.提出了一种基于相对距离感知的动态数据传输策略RDAD(relative distance-aware data delivery scheme).RDAD采用传感器节点到汇聚点(sink node)的相对距离来计算节点传输概率的大小,并以此作为消     

On fault tolerance of 3-dimensional mesh networks

In this paper, the concept of k-submesh and k-submesh connectivity fault tolerance model is proposed. And the fault tolerance of 3-D mesh networks is studied under a more realistic model in which each network node has an independent failure probability. It is first observed that if the node failure probability is fixed, then the connectivity probability of 3-D mesh networks can be arbitrarily small when the network size is sufficiently large. Thus, it is practically important for multicomputer system manufacturer to determine the upper bound for node failure probability when the probability of network connectivity and the network size are given. A novel technique is developed to formally derive lower bounds on the connectivity probability for 3-D mesh networks. The study shows that 3-D mesh networks of practical size can tolerate a large number of faulty nodes thus are reliable enough for multicomputer systems. A number of advantages of 3-D mesh networks over other popular network topologies are given.     

机会网络中面向周期性间歇连通的数据传输

提出一种在机会网络中基于周期性间歇连通的数据传输策略PICD(periodic intermittently connectedbaseddata delivery in opportunistic networks).通过有效利用节点间的周期间歇连通性改善数据传输性能.节点传输概率的计算则充分考虑了其与汇聚点间存在的间歇多跳路径,并将其与消息容忍的传输延迟相结合.首先,采用随机动态规划的方法建立与延迟相关的传输概率模型;然后,通过基于多跳的函数空间迭代法求出一个周期内的与延迟相关的传输概率分布矩阵;节点面向不同消息延迟的传输概率则基于分布矩阵计算获得,以此作为选择下一跳的依据.与延迟相关的概率转发机制提高了消息在容忍的延迟内被成功递交的可能.仿真实验结果表明,与现有的几种数据传输算法相比,在节点具有循环运动特征的环境下,PICD具有较高的数据传输成功率和较低的递交延迟.     

Analytical evaluation of average delay and maximum stable throughput along a typical two-way street for vehicular ad hoc networks in sparse situations

Intermittent connectivity is an intrinsic feature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in sparse situations. This type of network is in fact an example of delay and disruption tolerant networks (DTNs). In this paper, we focus on a typical two-way street and analytically evaluate the maximum stable throughput and the average delay for packet forwarding along the street. To this end, we map the mobility patterns of the vehicles with different speeds onto suitable parameters of a BCMP queueing network and derive the location density of vehicles. Then, we employ another queueing network in order to model opportunistic multi-hop packet forwarding along the street with respect to the specifications of MAC and routing schemes. We propose a two-mode MAC scheme suitable for DTNs with predictable mobility patterns. We also consider the effect of vehicles’ velocities and opportunistic relaying for routing schemes. In our analysis, we evaluate the average delay and the maximum stable throughput for the proposed MAC and routing schemes. In the last part of the paper, we show the efficiency of the proposed analytical approach by some numerical results and confirm our analysis by simulation.     

机会网络数据收集中的转发控制

针对机会网络中由于节点移动、网络稀疏等各种原因通常导致网络拓扑动态变化大,消息源节点到汇聚节点之间往往不存在稳定的端到端的通信链路,提出了一种基于偏好顺序决策法(the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal so-lution,TOPSIS)的数据收集策略(data gathering based on the TOPSIS,DGT)。DGT策略根据节点的剩余能量、感知节点到汇聚节点的距离以及传感器节点的连通变化,采用TOPSIS评估选择下一跳中继节点。仿真实验表明,与现有的几种典型转发控制机制相比,DGT策略在保证较低传输延迟和较高传输成功率的基础上,通过减少节点间的转发次数,降低了网络传输开销。     

An Efficient Message Dissemination Scheme for Minimizing Delivery Delay in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are a kind of sparse and highly mobile wireless networks, where no stable connectivity guarantee can be assumed. Most DTN users have several points of interest (PoIs), and they enjoy disseminating messages to the other users of the same PoI through WiFi. In DTNs, some time-sensitive messages (disaster warnings, search notices, etc.) need to be rapidly propagated among specific users or areas. Therefore, finding a path from the source to the destination with the shortest delay is the key problem. Taking the dissemination cost into consideration, we propose an efficient message dissemination strategy for minimizing delivery delay (MDMD) in DTNs, which first defines the user’s activeness according to the transiting habit among different PoIs. Furthermore, depending on the activeness, an optimal user in each PoI is selected to constitute the path with the shortest delay. Finally, the MDMD with inactive state (on the way between PoIs) is further proposed to enhance the applicability. Simulation results show that, compared with other dissemination strategies, MDMD achieves the lowest average delay, and the comparable average hopcounts, on the premise that the delivery ratio is guaranteed to be 100% by the sufficient simulation time.     

二进制递归网络的连通性

二进制递归网络是超立方体的一类特殊变体,它具有很多良好的网络特性。网络的连通性是衡量网络结构通信能力的一个重要性能,虽然到目前为止已知的一些二进制递归网 络的连通性都已被研究过,但这些研究只是针对个体进行的,并不能代表所有二进制递归网络的连通特性。本文通过证明任何一个二进制递归网络中的每对顶点之间只能存在在”条顶点不交路,得到了整个二进制递归网络的点和边连通度皆为”的重要结论。