流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标体系研究

借鉴国内相关研究成果,分析了流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标的选择原则,提出了流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标体系构建及其评价标准、评价方法,将该指标体系应用于江西省修河流域梯级开发环境影响评价的研究中,验证了本文方法有效、可行,可为流域梯级开发规划环境影响评价研究提供参考.     

湾滩河流域梯级开发环境影响评价

阐述了湾滩河流域梯级开发工程的自然环境分析了移民安置、工程施工对环境所产生的影响，针对不利影响，提出了相应的防治措施，使其得以控制或减免。     

遥感定量分析水电梯级开发对流域植被环境影响

针对水电梯级开发将改变水资源时空分布并引起流域植被环境的变化,以湖北省清江流域为例,采用基于归一化差异植被指数的像元分解模型和TM/ETM+遥感数据对研究区域水电梯级开发不同时期的植被环境态变化进行了定量估算.结果表明,该法有效可行,且水电梯级开发对清江流域植被境的影响较大,1987～2004年清江中下游的植被环境有较大改善.     

溪洛渡开建中国第二大水电站

备受瞩目的我国第二大水电站溪洛渡电站工程昨天开工，这是金沙江梯级电站的第一个开工建设项目，标志着金沙江干流水电梯级开发迈出了实质性步伐。     

河流梯级开发方案最优灰色决策

本文对河流梯级开发方案选择提出了最优灰色决策．用灰色统计法建立各方案的多层次统计矩阵，然后进行多目标灰色综合决策，确定最优方案．     

水利水电规划方案优选的人工神经网络方法

基于前馈人工神经网络的基本原理建立了水利水电规划方案优选的神经网络模型，并提出了基于该模型的样本处理方法。在此基础上对桑郎河梯级开发方案进行了优选，结果证实了该方法的有效性和合理性。     

北京大学地热能应用的实例分析

介绍了北京大学的地热资源应用实例。经济性分析结果显示，地热井的经济效益是相当可观的。文章还介绍了在地热开发和利用中，为防止盲目投资地热井项目应注意的事项，提出了投资风险、保护井距和梯级开发的概念。     

乌江干流最大水电站首台600MW发电机组投运

2009年7月31日，在经过72h的试运行后，贵州乌江干流水电梯级开发规划中总装机容量最大水电站——构皮滩水电站首台600MW水电机组正式投入运行。     

油溪河梯级开发优化模型

本文以湖南新化油溪河梯级开发优化方案选择为背景,着眼于中小河流水能资源开发利用有关问题(河流梯级开发方案,水电站参数与规模,水电站兴建程序,水电站水库群联合调度等)建立数学模型,并研究出算法软件,结合油溪河流域资料,算出了结果。该模型对一般中小型河流优化开发具有实用值价。     

怒江水电梯级开发的生态环境累积效应

阐述了流域水电梯级开发对生态环境产生的累积效应及其时空表现特征,分析了怒江干流中下游13个梯级电站对怒江的水文径流、水质、水温、泥沙、鱼类和局地气候等方面产生的累积效应.结果表明,怒江流域梯级开发将改变原有河流的生态系统,对流域的生态环境产生重大影响,应以流域的生态环境可承受程度作为临界阈值以控制怒江的生态环境累积效应.     

船舶电力推进发电分系统的选择

介绍了船舶电力推进的特点,着重阐述了电力推进发电分系统的类型、选择和发展现状。     

吸收式制冷机在船舶上应用的技术经济分析

从节能和环保要求的角度出发,阐述和分析了吸收式制冷应用于远洋船舶的可行性和经济性,采用一次能源利用系数作为性能指标,对压缩制冷和吸收式制冷进行一次能源利用水平分析,并对不同制冷方式进行成本核算,从而进行技术经济评价。     

舰船火灾及其扑救对策

本文从"预防-限制-消除"的观点出发,在介绍舰船火灾的种类、特征的基础上,分析了舰船常见火灾的扑救对策,并提出火灾扑救中的注意事项。     

Environmental impact assessment of hydrogen-based auxiliary power system onboard

The maritime transportation sector globally depends on fossil resources while this option is both diminishing and causing serious environmental and air pollution issues. Recently, hydrogen energy becomes one of the key alternatives addressing these concerns under the increasing press effect of the international community.The use of hydrogen as an energy source in ships is provided by fuel cell technologies. Although there are many types of fuel cells, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is the most widely used fuel cell type in the maritime industry. The most important handicap for the use of hydrogen in ships seems to be the production and storage of it. For this reason, fuel cell technology and hydrogen production and storage systems must be developed in order to use hydrogen as the main propulsion system in long-distance transportation in the maritime sector.In this study, Reference Energy System (RES) is established for a chemical tanker ship to determine the current energy flow from various resources to demands. Then the appropriate parameters are assigned and this framework is specified by the respective data. Following this phase; the current situation has been developed as the base scenario and analyzed by using the Low Emission Analysis Programme (LEAP) energy modeling platform. Additionally, two alternative scenarios including the hydrogen-based have been applied against the base scenario to compare the environmental results in the 2017–2050 time period. When the results are evaluated, it is predicted that although it is not sufficient for IMO and EMSA targets, implementation of hydrogen contributes to the carbon emission reduction positively and it will be more beneficial to apply to the main drive system with the technological developments to be made in the near future.     

Reductions in cost and greenhouse gas emissions with new bulk ship designs enabled by the Panama Canal expansion

Historically, fuel costs have been small compared with the fixed costs of a bulk vessel, its crewing and management. Today, however, fuel accounts for more than 50% of the total costs. In combination with an introduction of stricter energy efficiency requirements for new vessels, this might make design improvement a necessity for all new bulk vessels. This is in contradiction to traditional bulk vessel designs, where the focus has been on maximizing the cargo-carrying capacity at the lowest possible building cost and not on minimizing the energy consumption. Moreover, the Panama Canal has historically been an important design criterion, while the new canal locks from 2014 will significantly increase the maximum size of vessels that can pass. The present paper provides an assessment of cost and emissions as a function of alternative bulk vessel designs with focus on a vessel's beam, length and hull slenderness, expressed by the length displacement ratio for three fuel price scenarios. The result shows that with slenderer hull forms the emissions drop. With today's fuel price of 600 USD per ton of fuel, emissions can thus be reduced by up to 15–25% at a negative abatement cost.     

我国通航建筑物管理情况管窥

介绍了国内两种主要的通航建筑物形式——船闸、升船机。依据当前我国现行法律、法规和不同的投资渠道，总结出三种不同的管理模式及其各自的优缺点，为我省汉江安康升船机的管理提供参考。     

航行中船舶轴功率和燃油耗率估算方法

文章主要论及柴油机功率曲线及其最主要的2个参数:转速和燃油齿条位置(油门),在论述功率曲线内涵的同时,作者给出了一种供航行中船舶估算主机功率和燃油耗率的方法,并示出了供燃油耗率估算用的算式和图表。为使估算值保持足够的精度,根据柴油机技术并结合数学处理手段,文章给出并介绍了修整方法。根据文章给出的估算方法,很容易找到航行最佳经济工况点。     

A numerical simulation of the suppression of hydrogen jet fires on hydrogen fuel cell ships using a fine water mist

In this paper, in order to evaluate the reliability of a fine water mist for the suppression of fires on hydrogen fuel cell ships, the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to simulate the jet fire process and the action of a fine water mist on a fire caused by a hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage tank areas of hydrogen fuel cell ships. The fire scenario was classified into vertical or horizontal jet fires according to the location of the leakage in the hydrogen storage tank area, and the suppression effects of a fine water mist on hydrogen jet fires under a different droplet size, spray velocity, and ambient wind speed were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that a fine water mist is not effective in extinguishing hydrogen jet fires; however, by selecting suitable parameters (a spray velocity of 30 m/s and average droplet size of 30 μm), it can effectively reduce the fire field temperature of hydrogen jet fires and prevent the fire from developing further. Increasing the average droplet size of the fine water mist results in a gradual degradation of the suppression effect, while a higher spray velocity of the mist enhances the suppression effect to a certain extent. The ambient wind speed is an important factor that influences the suppression effect of a fine water mist on hydrogen jet fires, and when this speed is less than 4 m/s, a fine water mist with a higher spray velocity and smaller average droplet size is still a superior way of suppressing fires.     

An optimal planning method for a marine heat and power generation plant by considering its operational problem

The objective of this paper is to develop a computer-aided optimal planning method for designing a marine heat and power generation plant which is composed of combining Diesel and turbogenerators, an exhaust gas economizer, auxiliary boilers and so forth. As there exist many alternative combinations concerning generators and boilers in constructing the abovementioned plant, it is important to determine the plant construction properly by selecting total numbers and scales of respective generators and boilers so as to optimize the long-term economy of the plant. In this planning method, several design conditions are first set which are necessary for the planning of the objective plant, i.e. several patterns of ship's operational condition are set first, and both energy demands and steam output from an exhaust gas economizer are estimated for each pattern. Next, setting an alternative plant composed of combining generators and boilers adequately, the optimal operational policy for each pattern is determined by minimizing the fuel cost under several physical constraints based on linear and quadratic programming methods. Considering the results obtained above hierarchically, annual capital and operational costs of each plant are calculated, and the best plant construction is lastly determined by comparing the economy of all alternative plants. A numerical study has been carried out on a plant of a high speed container ship actually planned, and it is ascertained that to find the best construction of the plant the optimal planning method proposed here is advantageous compared with the conventional trial and error method.     

基于模糊综合评判的水面舰艇主动力装置选型论证

介绍了模糊综合评判法的基本原理,建立了主动力装置选型论证的数学模型,以某型舰为例,通过模糊综合评判,得出了主动力装置选型论证的评判指标。评判结果说明,根据模糊综合评判模型,可把模糊性很强的主动力装置选型论证量化,为动力装置方案设计提供依据。