Integral self-regulation in arc welding processes

As a result of the development of processes of gas-shielded consumable electrode arc welding with a constant electrode wire feed rate, characterized by different mechanisms of electrode metal transfer and large changes in the arc power with time, this study is carried out to supplement and generalize the concept of self-regulation of different arc welding processes.     

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊“弧长-电流”双路闭环控制

针对新型双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊过程极不稳定、焊缝成形差的问题,模拟分析了焊接参数之间的影响规律,提出了通过旁路送丝速度控制旁路弧长、通过旁路电流控制母材电流的"弧长-电流"双路闭环控制方案并进行了控制模拟分析与预测.在此基础上,采用快速原型试验系统,利用Matlab/Simulink,进行了"弧长-电流"双路闭环控制焊接试验并与模拟结果进行了对比、验证与分析.结果表明,采用"弧长-电流"双路闭环控制方案,可以在有效地解决焊接过程稳定性问题的同时保证流经母材电流的稳定,并得到了成形良好的焊缝.     

熔化极气体保护焊电流与电压调节

在应用熔化极气体保护焊的基础上,分析焊接电流和电弧电压对焊缝成形的影响,探究焊接电流与电弧电压匹配对焊接电弧特性的影响规律,总结正确调节焊接电流与电弧电压的基本方法和操作技能,正确调节焊接电流与电弧电压是熔化极气体保护焊技术推广与应用的关键因素。     

薄板高速熔化极脉冲气体保护焊控制及实现

高速焊接条件下容易产生咬边等缺陷,实现大电流低电压的稳定焊接是解决问题的关键,设计一种新型单周期弧压反馈闭环控制系统,在每一个周期内保证电弧电压的平均值相同,可以实现快速稳定的弧长调节.对偶然发生的短路,采用相应的波形控制方式.对脉冲参数进行优化,有效的减小了熔滴尺寸,缩短了弧长.试验表明,该系统具有很强的电弧自身调节能力,相对于传统控制方式,在相同送丝速度条件下工作电压可以降低1～5V.在焊接速度1.3m/min时,仍可以有效地避免产生缺陷,焊缝成形美观,背面熔透均匀,几乎没有飞溅.     

Special features of pulsed arc welding of titanium

The special features of pulsed arc welding of titanium are described.     

Computer-based sensing and visualizing of metal transfer mode in gas metal arc welding

Using Xenon lamp lights to overcome the strong interference from the welding arc, a computer-based system is developed to sense and visualize the metal transfer in GMAW. This system combines through-the-arc sensing of the welding current and arc voltage with high speed imaging of the metal transfer. It can simultaneously display the metal transfer processes and waveforms of electrical welding parameters in real-time The metal transfer videos and waveforms of electrical welding parameters can be recorded. Metal transfers under various welding conditions have been investigated with the system developed.     

Multipass pulsed current gas metal arc welding of P91 steel

Conventional gas metal arc welding of modified 9Cr–1Mo steels referred to as P91 steels is considered difficult due to loss of alloying elements and degradation of weld joint properties. In comparison to the conventional process, pulsed current gas metal arc welding allows more accurate control of heat input per unit length and electrode deposition and, thus, can be more suitable for the joining of P91 steel. A detailed experimental study is therefore undertaken to examine the roles of welding current, speed and groove angle in the weld bead profiles and joint properties in multipass pulsed current gas metal arc welding of 12?mm thick P91 steel. The results show that the joint properties are strongly influenced by the heat input per unit length and the groove angle. A groove angle of 75° and an appropriate choice of process conditions resulted in fairly acceptable bead profiles and joint properties.     

Study on arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer in pulse current flux-cored arc welding of mild steel

The variation in arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer with the change in pulse parameters has been studied by high speed video camera during pulse current flux cored arc weld deposition. A comparative study of similar nature has also been carried out during flux-cored arc weld deposition in globular and spray transfer modes. The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their mean current and arc voltage. The arc characteristics studied by its root diameter, projected diameter and length, and the behavior of metal transfer noted by the metal transfer model and the droplet diameter have been found to vary significantly with the pulse parameters. The observation may help in understanding the arc characteristics with respect to the variation in pulse parameters which may be beneficial in using pulse current FCAW to produce desired weld quality.     

熔化极脉冲氩弧焊熔滴滴落过程的分析

采用数字图像处理技术,对熔化极脉冲氩弧焊熔滴滴落过程的高速摄像图片进行了处理,提取了熔滴的边缘轮廓并获得了熔滴质心的变化坐标,得到了熔滴滴落过程中速度变化曲线. 结果表明,熔滴在弧柱区的滴落过程为匀加速,而在近阴极区和近阳极区却是减速的,且近阴极区减速幅度较大;并对熔滴在弧柱区的受力过程进行了定量分析,其主要受到等离子体流拉力和重力的作用,以及对近阴极区进行了相关的定性分析,其速度的减小主要是因为金属熔池蒸气反力的阻碍作用和等离子体流拉力的减小,理论分析与试验结果较为吻合.     

保护气体成分对双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW旁路熔滴过渡形式的影响

双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW的旁路焊枪选择了正极性接法即焊丝接电源负极,旁路熔滴仅依靠重力向熔池过渡,旁路熔滴尺寸较大且过渡过程并不稳定.针对这一问题,采用已建立的双丝旁路耦合电弧焊接过程信号控制与高速摄像采集系统,采集了纯氩气保护时旁路熔滴过渡形式,并分析了旁路熔滴尺寸较大且过渡过程不稳定的原因.在此基础上,采用80% Ar+20% CO₂为保护气体进行了焊接试验.结果表明,焊接过程中,保护气体中的O元素在旁路熔滴表面形成了氧化膜,旁路电弧在旁路熔滴表面的氧化膜上稳定燃烧,从而使电磁收缩力重新作用在旁路熔滴上并促进旁路熔滴向熔池过渡,因此焊接过程中旁路熔滴尺寸明显减小,熔滴过渡过程更加稳定.     

熔化极气体保护焊焊缝成形的关键工艺条件

目前熔化极气体保护焊在广泛应用于很多行业,但由于缺乏系统全面介绍该焊接方法工艺的资料,同时熔化极气体保护焊工艺又较为复杂,导致不少多年从事熔化极气体保护焊的工作人员也很难将焊接工艺编制和焊接参数调节工作做得较圆满,阻碍了熔化极气体保护焊的应用与推广,因此研究总结熔化极气体保护焊工艺具有现实意义。在应用熔化极气体保护焊的基础上,用实验验证了焊接电流、电弧电压、干伸长度和焊接速度对焊缝成形的影响,分析总结了其对焊缝形状的影响规律,为熔化极气体保护焊技术的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

参数可调多斜率波控GMAW

从波形控制参数的角度分析了影响短路过渡GMAW焊接稳定性的因素，并在此基础上设计了一种短路电流上升斜率可调节的多斜率波形控制方法。结果表明，通过对各阶段波控参数精确的调节，可以为适应不同的工艺条件而微调焊接工艺规范的情况下通过调节短路电流的上升速度和控制时间，增加规范的适应性，保持焊接过程的稳定性；有效的提高GMAW的焊接性能，可以更好的满足不同的焊接工艺的要求。     

16Mn钢混合气体保护焊时焊缝金属中气体含量变化的规律

用SQM-1型脉冲加热气相色谱仪联合测定了以φ1.6 mmH08Mn₂Si焊丝在混合气体保护下焊接16Mn钢时焊缝金属中的氧、氮及残余氢的含量。试验结果表明,随保护气中CO₂含量的提高,焊缝金属中的氧、氮及残余氢含量增加,但增加幅度随CO₂含量的提高而减小;随焊接电流的增大,焊缝金属中的氧、氮及残余氢含量下降,但下降幅度随电流的增大而减小;同时,经过回归分析,得出了该焊接条件下焊缝金属中氧、氮及残余氢与混合保护气体CO₂含量和焊接电流关系的数学模型,用该数学模型计算的结果与试验数据有良好的一致性。     

A dynamic welding heat source model in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding

A time-dependent welding heat source model, which is defined as the dynamic model, was established according to the characteristic of PCGTAW. The parabolic model was proposed to describe the heat flux distribution at the background times. The recommended Gaussian model was used at the peak times due to the bell-shaped temperature contour. The dynamic welding heat source was composed of these two models with a function of time.     

双电极焊条单弧焊的电弧特性

针对双电极焊条单弧焊焊接新工艺，作者研究了其电弧静特性和双电极焊条的熔化特性，并用高速摄像机对双电极焊条单弧焊的电弧形态进行了研究。结果表明。双电极焊条单弧焊具有上升的电弧静特性，静特性曲线随两焊芯间距的增大而上移；在两焊芯间距合适的情况下，双电极焊条阴、阳极熔化速度可以保持一致，故双电极焊条单弧焊可使用交、直流电源，其熔化速度比单芯焊条的大并随焊接电流的增大和两焊芯间距的减小而增大；双电极焊条单弧焊电弧有多种形态。     

Self-regulation of the arc in consumable electrode welding

The characteristic features, criteria and algorithm of the currently available method of self-regulation of the arc in mechanised arc welding with a constant consumable electrode feed rate are investigated. The main problem is that when it is necessary to reduce the welding current, for example with an increase of the thickness of the welded edges or the leg length of the fillet welded joint, welding should be carried out with a wire with a smaller diameter, down to 0.5 mm or even 0.3 mm. This complicates welding technology and increases the price of the wire because of multiple drawing of the wire to the small diameter. Therefore, the main task is to improve the algorithm of self-regulation of the arc and, consequently, reduce the minimum value of the current density, lower than 30 A/mm² for a steel wire with a diameter of 5 mm at which self-regulation of the arc is still possible, in order to widen the technological possibilities of the method and reduce the cost of technology. The authors believe that this approach would make it possible to produce efficient tools for understanding physical processes accompanying the formation of permanent joints by different arc welding methods.     

Determining chaotic invariant properties of short-circuiting gas metal arc welding from an observed time series

The experimental time series of welding current produced by carbon dioxide gas metal arc welding with shortcircuiting transfer were recorded and subsequently evaluated. Based on phase space reconstruction, the correlation dimensions and Kolmogorov entropies of the corresponding system have been numerically calculated using the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm at different time delays. It was found out that the time delay has little effect on the estimation of correlation dimension; conversely,it plays a key role in producing precise results on the estimation of Kolmogorov entropy.     

Shunting of the arc current in plasma-arc consumable electrode welding (plasma-MIG welding)

ABSTRACT

Special features of the process of shunting plasma arc current with a consumable electrode are investigated. The effect of the diameter of the consumable electrode, its visible extension and plasma arc current on the shunting current is determined. The effect of shunting current on the electrode metal transfer and the rate of electrode melting is determined.     

轨道车辆不锈钢气体保护拉弧螺柱焊

介绍电弧螺柱焊焊接方法的分类及焊接工艺原理,阐述气体保护拉弧螺柱焊在轨道车辆不锈钢材料上的应用。采用BMK-12W电弧式螺柱焊机进行工艺试验,焊后根据相关标准进行外观检验、弯曲试验和宏观检验。结果表明,气体保护拉弧螺柱焊技术在轨道车辆不锈钢材料的应用良好,能够获得优质的焊接接头。     

气体保护焊短路过渡熔滴成形的建模分析

提出了气体保护焊短路过渡过程中的熔滴成形的概念,并建立了模型.通过微距高速摄像技术和数字图像处理技术对熔滴成形过程中小滴状熔液所受的重力、电磁力以及表面张力提供的支持力进行了分析和定量计算,认为表面张力所提供的支持力远大于电磁力和重力共同导致的促使小滴状熔液下落的力.同时考虑了焊丝的熔化,认为以上因素最终造成小滴状熔液能以滴状的形态不断在焊丝端面进行扩展,形成熔滴.试验证明了熔滴成形这一模型的正确性.