搅拌摩擦加工对WE43合金组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了WE43稀土镁合金,研究了旋转速度和行走速度对WE43合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,探讨了组织转变规律及其作用机理。结果表明,搅拌摩擦加工处理的WE43合金主要由α-Mg、Mg24Y5和Mg41Nd5相组成;WE43合金的最佳搅拌摩擦加工工艺为旋转速度800 r/min、行走速度600 mm/min;搅拌摩擦加工可以起到细化晶粒、破碎粗大第二相和提高合金强塑性的作用,其强化机制主要为：固溶强化、细晶强化和第二相强化。     

激光功率对42CrMo钢激光熔覆层组织和摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用摩擦磨损试验探究不同激光功率下42CrMo钢激光熔覆层的耐磨性,采用SEM和OM观察了试样摩擦磨损前后的熔覆层组织形貌。结果表明:42CrMo钢基体的摩擦因数较大,且在该摩擦磨损后出现了严重的脆性剥落现象,激光熔覆层可以提升42CrMo钢的耐磨损性能;当激光功率为1600 W时,摩擦因数可降低至0.28,熔覆层表面SEM形貌较为光滑,耐磨性优异,熔覆层组织中的晶粒细化均匀,主要表现为细小的等轴晶,组织较为致密,从而提高了熔覆层的耐磨损性能。     

Fabrication of nanostructured tool steel layer by combination of laser cladding and friction stir processing

A general fabrication process of the nanostructured tool steel layer with various carbide particles was developed by a combination of laser cladding and friction stir processing (FSP). The dendritic carbides formed by the laser cladding were crushed to carbide nanoparticles during the FSP, and were uniformly dispersed in the iron matrix. The shape and size of the carbide particles could be controlled by the conditions of the laser cladding and the FSP. The nanostructured tool steel layer formed by the laser and the FSP under the optimized conditions had a microhardness of ~ 900 HV which was higher than that of conventional tool steels.     

Influence of multi-pass friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7B04-O Al alloy

Three-pass friction stir processing (FSP) with different moving distances of the stirring tool between the two successive passes, 50% diameter of the pin (traditional way) and 50% diameter of the shoulder (novel way), was conducted on 7B04-O Al alloy. The result shows that an improvement in the mechanical properties of the processed zone is accomplished due to grain and second phase particles refinement. The hardness of the multi-pass FSP (M-FSP) sample is about HV 40 higher than that of the base metal. And the tensile strength of the M-FSP specimens is also significantly increased to about 1.4 times that of the base metal. Besides, the weak region of the processed zone is mainly dependent on the moving distance, where it is the previous pass stir zone in the traditional way and the transitional zone in the novel way. Increasing the rotational speed narrows the weak region in the novel way, while it does not in the traditional way.     

退火工艺对搅拌摩擦加工镁合金微观组织和显微硬度的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工(Friction stir processing,FSP)技术对AZ31镁合金进行加工,通过采取不同温度及保温时间的退火工艺,研究了FSP镁合金在退火过程中的微观组织演变过程及硬度变化规律。结果表明,FSP成功制备了细晶AZ31镁合金,其平均晶粒尺寸细化程度达54.9%。当退火温度在200～300 ℃时,加工区(SZ)晶粒尺寸较为稳定,且组织发生不同程度的均匀化和细化;当温度超过300 ℃时,加工区晶粒互相吞噬而快速长大。在退火温度较低、短时间保温时热影响区(HAZ)组织变化不明显,而延长保温时间或者升高温度,HAZ区组织会迅速细化、均匀化;当退火温度超过300 ℃时,再结晶会在短时间内完成,随后晶粒继续长大。在300 ℃下保温60 min为最优退火工艺,可使SZ、HAZ组织分别细化10.9%、35.6%。     

焊接参数对7A04铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用不同的焊接参数对3 mm厚7A04铝合金板进行焊接,并对接头的组织、沉淀相、力学性能及断口形貌进行了分析. 结果表明,焊核区组织发生动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶粒,热影响区晶粒发生明显粗化. TEM分析结果显示,经搅拌摩擦焊后,焊核区部分沉淀相溶解. 焊核区晶粒尺寸随焊接速度增大而减小. 当焊接速度为120 mm/min,旋转速度为800 r/min时,接头强度达到最大值 454.2 MPa,为母材的95%,断后伸长率为3.97%,为母材的70%. 硬度测试显示搅拌摩擦焊接头发生软化,焊缝区域硬度低于母材,硬度值最低点出现在热影响区;拉伸断口形貌SEM图像表明接头断裂方式为韧性和脆性混合型断裂.     

Using friction stir processing to produce ultrafine-grained microstructure in AZ61 magnesium alloy

In order to obtain fine-microstructure magnesium alloys with superior mechanical properties, AZ61 alloy was processed by friction stir processing（FSP） combined with rapid heat sink. It is found that ultrafine-grained microstructure with average size less than 300 nm is observed in the resultant AZ61 alloy. The mean microhardness of the ultra-fine region reaches Hv 120-130, two times higher than that of AZ61 substrate. All these results demonstrate clearly that under a cooling rate high enough, ultra-free structure in AZ61 alloy with superior mechanical properties can be produced by one pass FSP via dynamic recrystallization.     

Effect of rotation speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of bobbin tool friction stir welded AZ61 magnesium alloy

The 5-mm-thick AZ61 magnesium alloy was friction stir welded by using the specially designed bobbin tool with various rotation speeds. Defect-free welds were successfully obtained with rotation speed ranging from 550 to 600?rev?min^?1. Grain size in different regions of the joints varied depending on the rotation speed. The hardness value of the joint is uniform. The defective joint fractured in the weld nugget zone with the lowest tensile strength, while the fracture location of the defect-free joints changed to the heat affected zone. The impact energy of weld nugget zone is higher than that of the heat affected zone, and the impact energy of the two zones in defect-free joint both decreased with increasing rotation speed.     

滚动轧制对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

采用自制滚动轧制头对5 mm厚铝合金7050搅拌摩擦焊接头的上表面及背面进行滚动轧制,并与其焊接态的接头作对比,研究了滚动轧制对焊接接头性能的影响. 结果表明,滚动轧制后接头表面的粗糙度由最大9.58 μm降低到平均约0.85 μm. 表层发生了剧烈的塑性变形,晶粒明显细化形成约200 μm厚的细晶层,亚表层晶粒细化程度降低,在焊核区伴有剪切带产生. 接头表层硬度明显提高,其平均硬度高达HV210,相比轧制前硬度HV110提高了91%. 接头表层残余应力由原来的拉应力转变为压应力,最大残余压应力场深度约为200 μm. 疲劳源由表层移至亚表层,疲劳寿命显著提高.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备镁基铝覆层材料的组织与性能

在采用多道次搅拌摩擦加工成功地在镁合金表面覆合一层铝层的基础上,利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和电子万能材料试验机对界面组织、元素成分分布、界面结合力和断口形貌进行了分析,并分析了不同焊接速度对重叠区界面组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,界面由N道次区、重叠区和N+1道次区组成,重叠区界面过渡层的厚度随着焊接速度的降低而增加.其过渡层由Al+Al₃Mg₂相和Mg+Al₁₂Mg₁₇相组成.重叠区界面的剪切力随着速度的降低而增加,断裂方式为塑性断裂.     

激光功率对高速激光熔覆Ni/316L层组织与力学性能的影响

为研究高速激光熔覆Ni/316L层组织与力学性能随激光功率的演变规律,分别采用1.1、1.3 和1.5 kW激光功率在Q235钢表面熔覆Ni/316L层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、冲击试验机及Knoop压痕法研究了熔覆层的显微组织、显微硬度、冲击性能与弹性模量。结果表明,激光功率为1.1 kW时熔覆层内部晶粒生长取向存在垂直于界面生长和与界面成一定角度交叉生长两种模式,并含有少量孔隙等缺陷,熔覆层/基体界面元素成断崖式分布,二者互扩散程度较低。随着激光功率升高,熔覆层晶粒转变为以垂直于界面生长为主,且涂层内部致密性高,缺陷较少,熔覆层/基体界面元素互扩散程度提升。激光功率对熔覆层硬度、冲击性能都存在显著影响,但是对弹性模量的影响较低。不同激光功率下,熔覆层最大硬度均出现在距界面100 μm左右的区域;功率从1.1 kW提升至1.5 kW时熔覆层熔合区最大硬度提高约50%;功率为1.5 kW时,试样的冲击性能较基体提高约20%。     

2A97铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊

文中采用不同搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数对2A97铝锂合金的可焊性进行了研究.结果显示,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率随搅拌头转速的提高而降低,随焊接速度的提高先增后减.在旋转频率为600 r/min,焊接速度200 mm/min时接头抗拉强度最高达到373 MPa,为母材的69%.FSW接头拉伸试验断口位置基本都发生在焊核(NZ)区.焊核区和热力影响区中沉淀相大部分溶解,只有少数存留,热力影响区沉淀相密度高于焊核区.     

焊接速度对高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

焊接速度对搅拌摩擦焊接头内焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区组织和晶界沉淀相均有较大的影响。随着焊接速度的提高,焊核区和热影响区内的晶粒尺寸和沉淀颗粒大小、分布密度变化均较大;热机影响区内组织的变形程度变化明显。组织和力学性能综合分析表明,控制焊接速度。获得优良的焊核区组织有利于提高接头的力学性能。性能测试结果表明,焊接速度v=37．5mm／min时,2Al2CZ铝合金接头强度达到最大值(331MPa)。     

Modification of nitride layer on cold-work tool steel by laser melting and friction stir processing

The microstructural control of the nitrided case on a cold-work tool steel (SKD11) plate by laser melting and friction stir processing (FSP) was studied. The laser melting and the FSP were used as a pretreatment for the nitriding to refine the microstructure of the SKD11. The diffusion zone of the nitrided case on the SKD11 plate contained thick brittle boundary lines consisting of local formed nitride particles. On the other hand, the microstructure of the diffusion zone was very uniform and the thick brittle boundary lines disappeared as a result of the combined treatment of the laser melting and the FSP before the nitriding process.     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31镁合金的超塑性

对搅拌摩擦加工AZ31镁合金的微观组织和拉伸力学行为进行了研究。结果表明,通过搅拌摩擦加工,热轧AZ31板材的平均晶粒尺寸由92.0μm细化到11.4μm。搅拌摩擦加工板材在高温下具有优异的塑性,伸长率在温度为723K和应变速率为5×10-4s-1的条件下达到1050%。该材料还具有高应变速率超塑性,在723K和1×10-2s-1的条件下伸长率达到268%。在相同实验条件下,母材由于晶粒尺寸粗大,没有显示出超塑性。     

2219-T6激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊性能与组织分析

对2219-T6铝合金激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊接头的宏观形貌、力学性能及显微组织进行了研究.结果表明,激光辅助热源的加入有助于消除金属塑性流动不充分引起的隧道缺陷,提升接头性能,但激光功率过大会加剧焊缝软化而使性能下降.激光辅助热源使焊核区扩大,且焊核区中θ相（Al₂Cu）增大,但对热力影响区的显微组织无明显影响.通过固溶+人工时效方法的焊后热处理以显著提升接头强度（从母材强度的76%提升100%）.加入激光的焊核区及热力影响区在热处理后晶粒尺寸相比不加入激光有所减小,且激光功率越大,对应的晶粒尺寸越小.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的组织和力学性能

采用旋转速度为750和1500 r/min,焊接速度为23.5 mm/min的焊接参数分别对时效态和固溶态的3 mm厚的Cu-Cr-Zr合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊接,研究转速及母材区(BM)初始状态对搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头的微观组织与力学性能的影响,并对接头的力学性能进行模型化定量分析。结果表明:FSW后,接头晶粒显著细化,沉淀相在搅拌头的高温热作用下固溶在基体中。当BM的初始状态为时效态时,与1500 r/min样品相比,750 r/min样品晶粒尺寸较小且存在沉淀相,750 r/min样品力学性能较高,主要是晶界强化和沉淀强化的作用。当BM的初始状态为固溶态时,与1500 r/min样品相比,750 r/min样品晶粒尺寸较小,力学性能较高,主要是晶界强化的作用。当FSW转速相同时,时效态接头的晶粒尺寸小于固溶态接头,而力学性能高于固溶态接头,主要是由于BM的初始组织状态不同导致的。综合分析表明:FSW过程中选用低转速焊接,可以获得性能较优的接头。     

多道次高转速搅拌摩擦加工对AZ31合金加工区显微组织演变、腐蚀行为和力学性能的影响（英文）

采用EBSD、TEM、SEM、电化学工作站和电子万能实验机研究多道次高转速搅拌摩擦加工对AZ31合金加工区显微组织演变、腐蚀行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工区平均晶粒尺寸显著细化。增加加工道次,加工区晶粒粗化,而β-Al₁₂Mg₁₇析出相增多并变得更加连续和均匀。与AZ31合金相比,加工区拉伸性能变化轻微,但是耐腐蚀性能得到显著提升。4道次高转速搅拌摩擦加工制备的合金其加工区自腐蚀电位由-1.56 V增加至-1.19 V,而自腐蚀电流从1.55×10^-4 A减小至5.47×10^-5 A。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对纯铜接头组织和力学性能的影响

研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对3 mm的纯铜板材焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在搅拌头旋转频率固定为800 r/m in,焊接速度在60~300 mm/m in范围内均得到了外表面美观、内部无缺陷的接头.焊接接头由两边向中间依次由母材区、热影响区、热力影响区和搅拌区组成.搅拌区组织由于动态再结晶作用使得该部分区域...     

B对FeCoCrNiSiBx高熵合金激光熔覆层组织和硬度的影响

采用激光熔覆制备了FeCoCrNiSiB_x高熵合金熔覆层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计研究微量硼元素(摩尔比x=0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08)对FeCoCrNiSiB_x高熵合金熔覆层组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:无B高熵合金涂层组织主要为胞状晶。B的添加会促进枝晶的生成,逐渐形成鱼骨状树枝晶,但过量的B会破坏枝晶完整性,形成蠕虫状晶。此外,高熵合金熔覆层组织为FCC和BCC双相结构,B元素的添加会形成大量0.1~2.6 μm的Cr₂B第二相,有助于提高熔覆层硬度,其中x=0.06时激光熔覆层的硬度最高,约为537 HV0.2。