Methods for calculating the behaviour characteristics of the condition of the model of strength of resistance spot welded joints

The role of the behaviour characteristic in the development of a mathematical model is examined. The maximum compactness method and the least squares method used for determining the characteristics of the behaviour of the mathematical model are compared.     

Influence of HAZ cracks on fatigue resistance of resistance spot welded joints made of advanced high strength steels

Abstract

A method is reported with which heat affected zone (HAZ) cracks in a specific region of spot welded joints, made of advanced high strength steels, could be realised. The influence of HAZ cracks on the fatigue behaviour, which is the focus of the contribution, was studied by evaluating the stiffness characteristics as a function of the number of cycles N in comparison with crack-free specimens, i.e. by analysing HAZ and fatigue cracks on the specimen surface and the surface of fatigue fractures containing beach marks. It was found that the fatigue cracks are not initiated at the HAZ cracks. The number of cycles to failure N_f is not significantly reduced for specimens with HAZ cracks. Overall, the examinations did not reveal any influence of HAZ cracks on the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded joints.     

热补偿电阻点焊镁合金接头的性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊方法进行焊接镁合金板试验,并分析了焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力等焊接参数对生成熔核的尺度与接头抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金,能在较低的焊接电流条件下获得具有较大熔核及较高抗剪强度的点焊接头。因而,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金是有效的。     

超高强度钢与镀锌双相钢电阻点焊接头强度试验

试验研究了超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢板的电阻点焊接头质量缺陷及其产生原因,通过正交试验设计,重点讨论了焊接电流、通电时间和电极压力对点焊接头强度的影响.结果表明:超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢点焊中超高强度钢板侧更易出现飞溅和烧穿问题,通电时间和焊接电流强度时点焊接头拉剪强度影响显著,这类钢板组合的焊接应优先采用大电流、短...     

B1500HS热成形钢与DP钢的点焊接头拉剪性能

文中以3种强度级别的双相钢(DP780,DP980,DP1180)和B1500HS热成形钢的电阻点焊接头为研究对象,研究了DP钢强度对点焊接头拉剪性能的影响,分别观察和分析了接头宏观形貌和微观组织,测试和分析了接头的硬度分布及接头的断裂模式。结果表明,DP钢强度对接头的拉剪强度影响很小,但会影响其断裂模式。B1500HS/DP780的断裂是焊核从DP钢侧拔出,另2种的则是焊核从B1500HS侧拔出,但它们的初始起裂位置均位于亚临界热影响区。B1500HS侧亚临界热影响区软化严重,较基体硬度下降约29%～36%,而DP780无明显软化现象,DP980和DP1180侧的亚临界热影响区软化率分别为17%和25%。说明在异种材料电阻点焊过程中其热影响区的软化程度会影响点焊接头的断裂模式。创新点： 对B1500HS分别与DP780,DP980,DP1180组成的RSW接头展开对比研究。     

Study on the strength and failure modes of laser welded galvanized DP980 steel lap joints

The mechanical properties of different sections of the laser welded galvanized high strength dual phase (DP) 980 steel lap joint such as the hardened zone (fusion zone and the grain coarsened heat affected zone (HAZ)), the softened zone (subcritical HAZ), and the base material were determined through mini-tensile tests. The numerically-predicted load–displacement curve and the sample rotation angle were verified by experimental measurements. The FE model considering the non-homogeneous mechanical properties was built based on the weld cross section geometries that were obtained under various laser welding conditions. The numerically-predicted von Mises equivalent strain concentrations and failure modes of the galvanized DP980 lap joints with respect to different laser welding conditions exhibit reasonable agreement with the experimental results.     

TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头组织和性能

通过室温拉伸、室温缺口拉伸、显微硬度以及金相分析对TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织和性能进行了研究。试验结果表明，用电子束焊接TC4钛合金可获得性能良好的焊接接头，其接头的抗拉强度不低于母材，焊缝的缺口敏感系数均小于1。焊缝区和热影响区的硬度均高于母材，焊缝组织是由较粗大的原始β相转变而成的α′相，即针状马氏体，热影响区组织为均匀且细小的针状马氏体和原始α相的混合物。     

焊接能量对Mg/Ti超声波焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用超声波焊接技术对Mg/Ti异种金属进行了焊接,研究了不同焊接能量对接头界面峰值温度、界面形貌、界面原子扩散程度以及力学性能的影响规律。研究发现:Mg/Ti超声波焊接接头整体界面较平直,局部界面有较小起伏,未发现裂纹、未熔合等缺陷,也未看到明显的反应层;随着焊接能量的增大,界面峰值温度升高,原子扩散层厚度增大,连接区面积逐渐增大,接头力学性能得到提高,而能量达到2000J时镁侧母材出现裂纹;接头断裂模式分为界面断裂和纽扣断裂,界面断裂时断裂发生在镁侧扩散层区域和镁侧非扩散层区域。扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析表明,Mg/Ti连接界面区域无明显的金属间化合物生成。     

Physico-mathematical model of resistance projection welding of cruciform joints

Resistance projection welding is used widely in the manufacture of various structures. To determine welding conditions resulting in the required quality of welded joints, experiments must be carried out using methods of computer analysis based on a physico-mathematical simulation. The model of the welding method is based on a system of equations of the electric potential, thermal conductivity and plastic deformation, and also the relationships linking the properties of metal with its thermodynamic state. A special feature of the model is the need to describe the geometry of the welded joint. This approach is based on an example of the process of projection welding of cruciform joints in bars. The results show that the proposed simulation methods can be used for analysis of the process of projection welding of different joints.     

搭接形式对铝/黄铜异种热补偿电阻点焊接头的组织与力学性能影响

采用不同搭接形式,对铝合金6061-T6/黄铜H70异种材料热补偿电阻点焊工艺进行研究.对比了两种搭接形式下铝/黄铜异种点焊接头的微观组织与力学性能差异.结果表明,采用热补偿电阻点焊的工艺方法可在较低电流水平下实现铝/黄铜异种材料的焊接.在铝侧施加热补偿垫片进行点焊,接头的抗拉剪载荷更高,其熔核由细小的α-Al等轴晶组成;在黄铜侧施加热补偿垫片进行点焊,接头的抗拉剪载荷较小,但体现出延性断裂的特征,其熔核由板条状铜铝化合物组成.     

Evaluation of joint performance of 5056 aluminium alloy friction welded joints by heat input. On the tensile strength of welded joints (1st report)

Ferritic stainless steel SUS430 sheets were friction stir welded by using a Ni-base dual two-phase intermetallic alloy tool. After friction stir welding (FSW), the SUS430 work and the tools were evaluated in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. The tensile specimens cut from the welded joints fractured in the base metal portion and their fracture strength was equal to that of the base metal. The stir zone comprised of recrystallized fine microstructure was observed, and also the thermo-mechanically affected zone was observed in an advanced side. Hardness in the upper one-third layer of the welded cross section was higher than the base metal. The admixture matter from work to tool surface occurred whereas that from tool to work surface did not take place in the scanning electron microscopy-EPMA resolution level. The amount of wear of tool was negligibly small, suggesting that the Ni-base dual two-phase intermetallic alloy is promising as a new type of FSW tool used for high melting materials such as steel.     

Flaw inspection of welded joints in titanium alloys by the eddy current method

The eddy current transducer (ECT) of the transformer type is used to construct a sensor for investigating titanium sheets joined by a welded joint. The characteristics of the ECT are presented. The measurement method for controlling the occurrence of defects in the welded joints in titanium alloys is described. The experimental results obtained by the ECT on two welded titanium sheets are presented. The depth of penetration of the field of eddy currents into the investigated object is determined and the dependences describing the response of the ECT at different depths of the defect are outlined. The relationships can be used for evaluating the quality of welded joints and determining the reliability of welding.     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头特征及性能研究

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄板进行了微电阻点焊试验,研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明：在焊接电流为0.3 ~ 0.7 kA范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳,在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响,在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 kA、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi₃、Al₂Ti和Al₃Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al₃Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

铝合金多股复合焊丝脉冲MIG焊接接头组织与性能分析

选用铝合金多股复合焊丝对5A06板材进行脉冲MIG对接焊接,并与传统单丝TIG焊接接头的组织与性能进行对比.结果表明,采用铝合金多股复合焊丝脉冲MIG焊时,焊接接头的抗拉强度最大可达340 MPa （为母材强度的86.7%）.MIG焊接接头性能与TIG焊相比差异较小,但MIG焊可以提高焊接效率约4倍.焊接接头热影响区的软化主要受较高的热输入导致的晶粒尺寸增加、再结晶比例较大以及析出相的粗化和减少影响,而采用铝合金多股复合焊丝脉冲MIG焊能够降低焊接过程的热输入,细化晶粒,减弱MIG焊接接头中Mg元素的烧损和析出物的减少,达到控制焊接接头软化的目的.     

搅拌针偏置对SR-FSW焊缝界面残留缺陷及接头力学性能的影响

系统研究了搅拌针偏置对双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头内部质量及接头性能的影响. 接头组织形貌结果表明,接头焊核区由存在层状结构的3个区域和不带任何趋势性分布的1个楔状区域组成. 当搅拌针偏置使接头原始装配界面置于接头后退侧塑性金属流动不充分的楔状区域时,将会产生一种特有的界面残留缺陷. 接头力学性能结果表明,随着搅拌针偏置从−6 mm变至−3 mm时,接头拉伸性能逐渐升高,均断裂于界面残留缺陷处;当搅拌针偏置处于{−2 mm,+ 5 mm}范围内时,接头性能达到最优,接头抗拉强度达到340 ~ 350 MPa,接头均断裂于后退侧热力影响区. 而当偏置进入 + 6 mm时,接头性能开始下降.     

30mm厚不锈钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能

对30 mm厚0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢进行电子束焊接试验,在合适的工艺参数下得到焊接变形小、无内部缺陷、成形良好的接头。在室温下测试该接头的显微组织、显微硬度和力学性能,结果显示焊缝区组织为奥氏体和呈骨架铁素体,接头的硬度分布均匀,无明显弱化区域。接头处抗拉强度为578 MPa,焊接系数0.91,焊缝处冲击韧值A_(KV)达到300 J/cm^2,焊缝韧性与母材相比显著提高。