塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

通过研究不同水胶比、塑钢纤维掺量和轻骨料种类对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线影响,得到了各影响因素对全曲线的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心受压应力-应变曲线的峰值应力有不同程度的降低,但峰值应变稍微增大,韧性和延性有所提高;而塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土轴心抗压强度随着塑钢纤维掺量的增加先增大后减小,其随着筒压强度的提高峰值应力呈增大趋势.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性试验研究

采用快速氯离子迁移系数法(RCM)对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性进行研究,主要考察了塑钢纤维掺量、陶粒类型和陶粒预湿时间三个影响因素对氯离子掺透性的影响.研究结果表明,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数随纤维掺量的增大而减小,且掺量为9 kg/m3时,氯离子扩散系数值最小;相较于粉煤灰陶粒,页岩陶粒制备的塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数更低;陶粒预湿时间对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的氯离子扩散系数影响不大,但未掺纤维的轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数随陶粒预湿时间的增加而增大.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

对18根塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土短柱和2根轻骨料混凝土短柱进行轴压性能试验,研究塑钢纤维掺量、轻骨料混凝土强度、纵向钢筋配筋率和试件高宽比对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土短柱轴压性能的影响.结果表明:随着塑钢纤维掺量的增加,试件的承载力略有提高,延性提升较大,且塑钢纤维掺量为9 kg/m3时,试件的承载力和延性最大;随着轻骨料混凝土强度和纵向钢筋配筋率的提高,试件承载力均增大,但试件延性均逐渐降低;试件高宽比对试件承载力影响不大,当试件高宽比为3时,试件的延性最好.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能及最佳纤维掺量试验研究

以不掺塑钢纤维的LC30轻骨料混凝土为基准,研究了塑钢纤维掺量变化(5 kg/m3、7 kg/m3、9 kg/m3、11 kg/m3、13 kg/m3)对轻骨料混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能的影响,结果表明:塑钢纤维对轻骨料混凝土抗压性能改善效果不明显,但能显著提高轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能.综合各项性能指标给出塑钢纤维用于结构轻骨料混凝土的建议掺量为9 kg/m3.     

大掺量矿物掺合料纤维增强轻骨料混凝土的抗疲劳性能

为研究纤维增强轻骨料混凝土抗疲劳性能，开展了恒应力循环压缩试验，对疲劳应力-应变响应进行了研究。试验采用质量分数为20%的粉煤灰和50%的粒化高炉矿渣部分替代水泥，变量为单掺或混掺不同掺量的钢纤维和聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维。结果表明：随着循环加载次数的增加，钢纤维混凝土的宏观裂纹数量比PVA纤维混凝土多，试件的破坏形态表现为轻骨料的破裂和纤维的渐进拔出(钢纤维)或断裂(PVA纤维);钢纤维混凝土的疲劳应变及残余应变均最大，而混杂纤维混凝土的最小；在同一应力水平下，混杂纤维混凝土的疲劳寿命最长，而钢纤维混凝土的最短；钢纤维混凝土的极限疲劳损伤高于PVA纤维混凝土和混杂纤维混凝土，且随最大应力水平的降低，该差异逐渐缩小。     

冻融作用后塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以圆球形粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料,对塑钢纤维(0kg/m3、3kg/m3、6kg/m3、9kg/m3)轻骨料混凝土试件进行快速冻融(0次、50次、100次、150次)试验,研究冻融后试件的抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能、抗冲击性能.结果表明:冻融循环作用下,适量的塑钢纤维掺入可以明显增强轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度;提高轻骨料混凝土折压比,增强轻骨料混凝土抗裂性能;并能显著改善轻骨料混凝土的抗冲击性能.综合各项力学性能指标,冻融后轻骨料混凝土塑钢纤维最优掺量为6kg/m3.     

混杂纤维珊瑚骨料混凝土冲击压缩性能的试验与模拟EI北大核心CSCD

为探究冲击荷载下纤维对海水珊瑚骨料混凝土(SCAC)的增强增韧效果,采用φ75 mm分离式Hopkinson压杆测试了单掺聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维或混杂PVA-钢纤维SCAC在不同应变率下的动态力学响应,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟其冲击性能及破坏形态特征。结果表明,掺加纤维可改善SCAC的脆化程度和动态力学性能;混杂纤维对SCAC应变率敏感性和动态强度增长因子的提升效果优于单掺PVA纤维;SCAC的破坏程度随PVA纤维掺量增加逐步改善,而混杂纤维SCAC在各应变率下的完整性则更好;模拟所得试块失效单元数在掺入纤维后显著减少,模拟结果反映出各纤维掺量SCAC的动态力学行为与破坏程度。     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土抗压强度换算关系试验研究

为了研究塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的轴心抗压强度(fc)与立方体抗压强度(fcu)的换算关系,通过432个标准棱柱体试件和标准立方体试件研究了塑钢纤维掺量、轻骨料种类和水灰比等影响因素对两种抗压强度关系的影响规律.结果表明:塑钢纤维掺量(5~13 kg/m3)、轻骨料种类和水灰比(0.32~0.4)对轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度比值(fc/fcu)无明显影响;经回归分析得到了fc与fcu相关性很好的线性关系方程;基于fc/fcu回归和数学统计分析,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土fc相对于fcu的换算系数可取为0.80.     

再生轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线研究

为了得到不同再生轻骨料取代率对再生轻骨料混凝土的轴心抗压强度及应力-应变关系曲线的影响规律,以取代率为变化参数,设计了5组棱柱体试块进行轴压试验,测得了试块的轴心抗压强度以及应力-应变全曲线.研究了再生轻骨料占粗骨料的比例对再生轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线、轴心抗压强度、峰值应变以及极限应变的影响.研究结果表明:再生轻骨料混凝土的破坏过程和破坏形态与普通混凝土相似;再生轻骨料混凝土的应力-应变全曲线总体轮廓与普通混凝土相似;再生轻骨料混凝土的峰值应变和极限应变比普通混凝土小;随着再生轻骨料取代率的增加,再生轻骨料混凝土试块的轴心抗压强度逐渐降低.     

塑钢纤维掺量对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土粘结作用的影响

通过对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土进行拔出试验,探究塑钢纤维掺量对钢筋与轻骨料混凝土粘结作用的影响.以τ-s曲线描述试件粘结滑移的过程,用相对粘结强度衡量塑钢纤维掺量的影响作用,引入粘结韧性来分析塑钢纤维在试件粘结滑移过程中约束与耗能作用.结果表明:试件的破坏形态随纤维掺量的增加由劈裂破坏变为拔出破坏;钢筋的平均极限粘结强度τu、峰值滑移量su随纤维掺量的增加而增大;根据试验数据拟合出了相对粘结强度与塑钢纤维掺量的经验公式,可为工程设计提供参考;粘结韧性随纤维掺量的增加而提高,约束与耗能作用明显增强,但本试验塑钢纤维掺量超过6 kg/m3后,韧性虽继续增长,但韧性增幅却呈下降趋势.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。