非水解溶胶-凝胶Al2O3碳热还原氮化合成AlN超细粉

以无水氯化铝和异丙醚为原料,利用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备出高活性Al2O3凝胶,以其作为铝源,引入炭黑作为碳源,利用碳热还原氮化技术低温合成AlN超细粉体。研究了凝胶未经煅烧以及预煅烧温度分别为300、500℃,按n(C)/n(Al2O3)为3.9、7.8和9.6分别加入不同量的炭黑,1 400、1 450和1 500℃的合成温度以及N2流量分别为40和80 mL·min-1时对AlN粉体合成的影响。结果表明:Al2O3凝胶经300℃预煅烧后,按n(C)/n(Al2O3)=7.8与炭黑混合,在流量为80 mL·min-1的高纯N2中于1 450℃保温2 h后可以合成出高纯AlN超细粉体。FE-SEM分析表明,AlN超细粉体平均粒径在400 nm左右,分散较为均匀。     

锆英石碳热还原合成ZrB_2—SiC复合粉体

以锆英石、氧化硼、活性炭为原料,采用碳热还原合成工艺制备了ZrB2—SiC复合粉体,并对合成过程进行了热力学分析。考察了反应温度及原料配比对碳热还原合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的物相的组成、含量和显微结构的影响。结果表明:提高反应温度有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成,适当过量氧化硼及活性炭有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成。合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的最优参数为:当ZrSiO4、B2O3和C的摩尔比为1∶2∶12,在1 773K保温3h,可得到几乎纯相的ZrB2—SiC复合粉体。     

低温烧结PZT-O.5%PbO·WO3压电陶瓷

以固态氧化物为原料,采用一次合成工艺制备锆钛酸铅(lead zirconate titanate,PZT)-0.5%PbO·WO3压电陶瓷,研究摩尔比n(Zr)/n(Ti)、烧结温度对陶瓷性能的影响.结果发现:合成温度900℃保温2 h可以得到钙钛矿结构压电陶瓷.n(Zr)/n(Ti)=1.08时,烧结温度为1 100℃保温2 h,压电陶瓷的综合性能在准同型相界处达最佳:介电常数εT33/ε0=1 593,介电损耗tgδ=0.019,压电系数d33=363.5×10-6C/N,机电耦合系数Kp=0.596,机械品质因数Qm=8 8.4.     

低温烧结PZT–0.5%PbO·WO_3压电陶瓷

以固态氧化物为原料,采用一次合成工艺制备锆钛酸铅(leadzirconatetitanate,PZT)–0.5%PbOWO3压电陶瓷,研究摩尔比n(Zr)/n(Ti)、烧结温度对陶瓷性能的影响。结果发现:合成温度900℃保温2h可以得到钙钛矿结构压电陶瓷。n(Zr)/n(Ti)=1.08时,烧结温度为1100℃保温2h,压电陶瓷的综合性能在准同型相界处达最佳:介电常数ε3T3/ε0=1593,介电损耗tg?=0.019,压电系数d33=363.5×10-6C/N,机电耦合系数Kp=0.596,机械品质因数Qm=88.4。     

溶胶-凝胶法和硼热-碳热还原合成ZrB_2空心球粉体

为了合成性能较好的Zr B2空心球粉体,以氧氯化锆(Zr Cl O2·8H2O)、硼酸(H3BO3)、葡萄糖(C6H12O6)为原料,先采用水热碳化工艺制备了碳微球,再以预合成的碳微球为模板,采用溶胶-凝胶法、硼热-碳热还原工艺合成了Zr B2超细空心球粉体,研究了反应温度(1 200、1 300、1 400和1 500℃)及碳微球的含量(n(C)n(Zr O2+B2O3)分别为5.0、5.5、6.0和6.5)对Zr B2空心球粉体合成的影响。结果表明:水热碳化工艺制备的碳微球表面较为光滑,具有良好的空心结构;过量的碳微球和较高的反应温度均能在一定程度上有助于Zr B2空心球粉体的合成;合成Zr B2空心球粉体的最佳反应温度为1 500℃,最佳碳微球含量为n(C)n(Zr O2+B2O3)=6.5。     

以伊利石合成4A分子筛的实验研究

在常压下将伊利石进行高温焙烧处理。经过对原料的焙烧处理、水热合成实验,合成了4A沸石分子筛。焙烧实验确定了优化焙烧参数:m(伊利石)∶m(碳酸钠)=1∶1,焙烧温度850℃,伊利石粒度75μm,保温时间为90min。采用正交设计法确定了水热法合成的优化工艺参数:n(H2O)/n(M2O)=50,n(M2O)/n(SiO2)=1.4(M为Na,K),晶化时间4h,晶种加入量占水体积分数8%。合成沸石纯度较高,吸附量达到国家化学工业产品标准。     

500t/a中试规模制备小颗粒4A沸石的研究

在500 t/a的中试设备上,以全化学合成法进行了小颗粒4A沸石合成的中试放大实验。采用正交实验方法考察了原料配比A〔n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)〕、B〔n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3)〕、C〔n(H2O)/n(Al2O3)〕及晶化时间D(t)对产品性能的影响。通过方差分析,确定出其最佳工艺条件为:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=1.8～1.9,n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3)=3.2～3.4,n(H2O)/n(Al2O3)=80～100,t=20 min。工艺验证实验结果表明,该条件下的中试产品钙交换能力≥295 mg CaCO3/g干基,符合QB1767—2003的一级品标准。     

枸橼酸铋钾制备新工艺的研究

研究了以精铋为原料直接合成枸橼酸铋钾的新工艺,着重考察了合成温度、原料配比〔n(K)/n(Bi)〕、枸橼酸钾浓度对产物纯度的影响以及浓缩比和结晶乙醇用量〔V(乙醇)/V(母液)〕对Bi沉淀率的影响,确定了适宜的制备工艺条件。在合成温度为60℃、n(K)∶n(Bi)为3.075、枸橼酸钾质量浓度为0.5 mol/L、浓缩比为2.45、V(乙醇)∶V(母液)=0.45的条件下,Bi沉淀率达99.98%,枸橼酸铋钾产物的Bi和K质量分数分别为29.52%和16.58%,与其理论值相吻合。     

高能球磨法制备ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体

以金属Al粉(w(Al)=99%,粒度≤45μm)、ZrO2粉(w(ZrO2)=99%,粒度≤3.5μm)和B2O3粉(w(B2O3)=98%,粒度≤5μm)为原料,按n(Al)∶n(ZrO2)∶n(B2O3)=10∶3∶3混合后装入高能球磨罐中,在氩气保护条件下以560r.min-1的转速球磨2h后,取样进行XRD和SEM分析。结果表明:采用金属Al粉、ZrO2和B2O3为原料,在2h的较短时间内经高能球磨合成ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体,其合成机理为机械碰撞诱发的自蔓延反应;所得到的复合粉体中,ZrB2为微米级,Al2O3为纳米级。     

固体碱工艺催化合成环氧双酚芴的研究

开发了以固体碱为助剂催化合成环氧双酚芴工艺：采用固体碱合成工艺，以环氧氯丙烷和自产双酚芴为原料，可合成出环氧值指标较优的环氧双酚芴产品。考察了反应物料配比、反应温度、碱助剂氢氧化钠用量及重结晶溶剂种类对反应的影响，在n(双酚芴)/n(环氧氯丙烷)=1:9、反应温度65℃、n(双酚芴)/n(氢氧化钠)=1:2.5、重结晶溶剂为乙腈条件下，产品纯度98.28%，收率95.75%，环氧值0.418 eq/100 g，达到最优。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。