医用钛合金骨移植材料的研究现状

纯钛及钛合金以其优异的生物相容性、抗腐蚀性及与骨相近的弹性模量,在医学领域中获得了越来越广泛的应用.综述了医用钛合金骨移植材料的发展现状,并从抗磨损、耐腐蚀及生物活性3方面阐述了钛及其合金的表面改性技术.     

生物医用钛合金材料发展现状及趋势

钛及钛合金材料因其优良的综合性能,在生物医用材料中占有越来越重要的地位。综述了生物医用钛及钛合金材料发展的3个历史阶段,重点评述了低弹性模量β型钛合金的研发现状,简单介绍了相关钛合金材料制品在医学临床中的实际应用,并分析了近年来表面改性、多孔材料、复合材料等生物医用钛合金材料发展的新趋势。     

生物医用钛合金发展和研究现状

概述了生物医用钛合金的发展历程,详细总结了以Ti6A l7Nb为代表的α+β型和单β型生物医用钛合金国内外研究现状,指出了当今生物医用钛合金研究所面临的问题和发展方向。     

医用钛合金及其表面改性

目前钛合金被广泛应用于医学领域，如矫形用种植体。简要综述了新型医用钛合金的开发以及钛合金表面改性提高其表面生物活性和耐磨性能的研究进展。     

表面改性在生物医用材料研究中的应用

在植入物体性能较好的基础上,表面性能是决定其生物相容性是否良好的至关重要因素。本文针对硬组织和与血液相接触的金属植入物,对表面改性技术、表面改性膜层特点及其应用进行了综合评述,探讨了通过表面改性提高植入物生物相容性的机理,并指出了生物医用材料表面改性的研究发展方向。     

生物医用超弹性β型钛合金研究现状

新型口钛合金具有良好的耐磨性和力学性能、高抗腐蚀性以及优良的生物相容性,因而在生物医学领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.综述了钛合金的发展阶段及新型超弹性β钛舍金的研究发展状况和最新进展,探讨了几种热处理工艺对钛合金超弹性的影响,介绍了几种钛合金表面改性方法,结合我国研究现状提出了新型超弹性β钛合金存在的问题,展望了其研究发展方向.     

生物医用超弹性β型钛合金研究现状

新型β钛合金具有良好的耐磨性和力学性能、高抗腐蚀性以及优良的生物相容性,因而在生物医学领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.综述了钛合金的发展阶段及新型超弹性β钛合金的研究发展状况和最新进展,探讨了几种热处理工艺对钛合金超弹性的影响,介绍了几种钛合金表面改性方法,结合我国研究现状提出了新型超弹性β钛合金存在的问题,展望了其研究发展方向.     

生物医用眼科材料的研究

主要综述了用于眼科的生物医用材料的种类、结构特点及其在眼科中应用的性能,重点介绍了用于人工角膜的光学镜柱材料和支架材料、人工晶状体材料、人工玻璃体材料、人工眼球义眼台和义眼材料、人工泪道和泪液材料、角膜接触镜材料及眼科药物载体材料,展望了生物医用眼科材料的发展方向.     

生物医用有色金属材料研究现状与未来发展

生物医用有色金属材料发展迅速,形成了适应不同体内环境、不同组织的医用有色金属材料及器件体系;着眼未来开展领域研究规划,提升新型医用有色金属材料及器件的临床应用水平,兼具理论研究与实践应用价值。本文论述了生物医用有色金属材料在耐蚀性、耐磨性、疲劳强度及韧性、生物适配性等方面的关键性能要求,系统梳理了永久性植入有色金属材料、生物可降解有色金属材料、多孔医用有色金属材料、医用有色金属表面改性等细分领域的研究进展、发展趋势与科学问题。在凝练各类生物医用有色金属材料未来研究方向的基础上,提出了加强基础与关键核心技术研究、组建“产学研医监”协同创新体、建立相关标准及规范、培育高精尖人才体系等发展建议,以期为新型材料发展布局与前沿技术研发提供先导性参考。     

生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性及其表面改性技术

生物医用高分子材料是一类具有广泛用途的高科技产品,具有十分重要的应用价值和发展前景。生物相容性是生物医用高分子材料必须具备的优良特性,是材料产品成功应用的关键。目前,人们主要通过材料表面改性来提高生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性,以保证材料与机体相适应,生物医用高分子材料表面改性技术也因此成为人们竞相研究开发的热点。简述了生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性及其表面改性技术的相关问题。     

医用钛金属材料表面改性研究

由于具有优良的力学、生物学、安全性等性能，钛及其合金被日益广泛的应用于人体硬组织的修复、替换。然而其表面硬度低、耐磨性差、生物惰性等是作为医用材料不容忽视的问题，为了改善这些性能，需要对钛合金表面进行改性处理。综合评述了多种表面处理技术的优点，指出对多种表面处理技术进行综合应用是今后的研究方向。     

Recent research and development in titanium alloys for biomedical applications and healthcare goods

Nb, Ta and Zr are the favorable non-toxic alloying elements for titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Low rigidity titanium alloys composed of non-toxic elements are getting much attention. The advantage of low rigidity titanium alloyfor the healing of bone fracture and the remodeling of bone is successfully proved by fracture model made in tibia of rabbit. Ni-free super elastic and shape memory titanium alloys for biomedical applications are energetically developed. Titanium alloys for not only implants, but also dental products like crowns, dentures, etc. are also getting much attention in dentistry. Development of investment materials suitable for titanium alloys with high melting point is desired in dental precision castings. Bioactive surface modifications of titanium alloys for biomedical applications are very important for achieving further developed biocompatibility. Low cost titanium alloys for healthcare goods, like general wheel chairs, etc.has been recently proposed.     

Microwave processing of titanium and titanium alloys for structural,biomedical and shape memory applications: Current status and challenges

Microwave (MW) radiation has attracted increasing attention in the fabrication and/or synthesis of titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys from powder since 1999 when the first study was reported by Gedevanishvili et al. This article provides a comprehensive review of MW processing of Ti and Ti alloys. It begins by discussing the critical technical issues associated with MW processing of Ti powder, including the heating response of Ti powder to MW radiation, temperature measurement by infrared pyrometry and calibration, and interstitial absorption and control. This is followed by a detailed review of the sintering of a range of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti and Ti alloys for structural, biomedical, and shape memory applications. As a new development in the field, MW heating and sintering of titanium hydride (TiH₂) powder for the fabrication of PM Ti are discussed in terms of the heating response, interstitial contamination, microstructure, and tensile properties of the as-sintered Ti. The challenges that face MW sintering of PM Ti from either Ti powder or TiH₂ powder are reviewed, and solutions are proposed. Based on the heating and isothermal sintering characteristics by MW radiation, recommendations are made for the applications of MW processing of Ti and Ti alloys.     

Self-adjustment of Young's modulus in biomedical titanium alloys during orthopaedic operation

In spinal fixation devices, the Young's modulus of the metallic implant rod should be not only sufficiently low to prevent stress shielding for the patient but also sufficiently high to suppress springback for the surgeon. This paper proposes a novel function of biomedical titanium alloys—self-adjustment of Young's modulus. Deformation-induced ω phase transformation was introduced into β-type titanium alloys so that the Young's modulus of only the deformed part would increase during operation, while that of the non-deformed part would remain low. The Young's modulus increase by deformation was investigated for a binary Ti-12Cr alloy. This alloy successfully underwent deformation-induced ω phase transformation and exhibited the increase in the Young's modulus by deformation.     

生物医用磁性纳米颗粒的制备与表面改性

磁性纳米颗粒目前是生物医用纳米材料领域异常活跃的方向之一.不同方法制备的磁性纳米颗粒经不同聚合物或分子表面改性后具有多方面的生物医学应用.本文综合评述了磁性纳米颗粒的制备方法,如共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳剂法等;总结了磁性纳米颗粒表面改性技术,包括改性物质与改性方法;概括了磁性纳米颗粒在生物医学领域的应用,主要涉及磁靶向制剂、细胞分离、肿瘤细胞的过热治疗、MR I衬度增强剂四方面.磁性纳米颗粒还有很大的发展空间和广阔的应用前景.     

Thermoforming of film-based biomedical microdevices

For roughly ten years now, a new class of polymer micromoulding processes comes more and more into the focus both of the microtechnology and the biomedical engineering community. These processes can be subsumed under the term "microthermoforming". In microthermoforming, thin polymer films are heated to a softened, but still solid state and formed to thin-walled microdevices by three-dimensional stretching. The high material coherence during forming is in contrast to common polymer microreplication processes where the material is processed in a liquid or flowing state. It enables the preservation of premodifications of the film material. In this progress report, we review the still young state of the art of microthermoforming technology as well as its first applications. So far, the applications are mainly in the biomedical field. They benefit from the fact that thermoformed microdevices have unique properties resulting from their special, unusual morphology. The focus of this paper is on the impact of the new class of micromoulding processes and the processed film materials on the characteristics of the moulded microdevices and on their applications.     

Adhesive B-doped DLC films on biomedical alloys used for bone fixation

The long-term failure of the total hip and knee prostheses is attributed to the production of wear particles at the articulating interface between the metals, ceramics and polymers used for surgical implants and bone-fixtures. Therefore, finding an adhesive and inert coating material that has low frictional coefficient should dramatically reduce the production of wear particles and hence, prolong the life time of the surgical implants. The novel properties of the non-toxic diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have proven to be excellent candidates for biomedical applications. However, they have poor adhesion strength to the alloys and biomaterials. The addition of a thin interfacial layer such as Si, Ti, TiN, Mo and Cu/Cr and/or adding additives such as Si, F, N, O, W, V, Co, Mo, Ti or their combinations to the DLC films has been found to increase the adhesion strength substantially. In our study, grade 316L stainless steel and grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were used as biomaterial substrates. They were coated with DLC films containing boron additives at various levels using various Si interfacial layer thicknesses. The best film adhesion was achieved at 8% and 20% on DLC coated Ti-6Al-4V and grade 316L substrates, respectively. It has been demonstrated that doping the DLC with boron increases their adhesion strength to both substrates even without silicon interfacial layer and increases it substantially with optimum silicon layer thickness. The adhesion strength is also correlated with the hydrogen contents in the B-DLC films. It is found to reach its maximum value of 700 kg/cm² and 390 kg/cm² at 2/7 and 3/6 for CH₄/Ar partial pressures (in mTorr ratio) for Ti-6Al-4V and 316L substrates, respectively.     

激光和等离子体混合法氮化钛表面

采用激光和氮等离子体混合方法在大气气氛下对钛样品表面进行处理,获得了钛氮化合物表层.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对氮化处理后的样品测试,得到了样品的相结构.分别使用该方法与普通激光氮化方法,在相同条件下对样品表面进行氮化处理,结果表明通过混合方法提高了氮化物含量,并有效地抑制了氧化发生.讨论了氮等离子体流量对混合法氮化效果的影响.随着氮等离子体流量的增加,氮化物含量增加;但是当氮等离子体流量＞0.8m3/h后,氮化所需活化氮达到饱和,氮化物含量不再增加.