几种常见野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量

几种常见野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量韩涛，马红梅，李丽萍，黄万荣北京农学院食品科学系１０２２０８近年来，野生蔬菜因其营养、保健、无污染等优点日益受到人们的关注。杨恩孚等人［１］曾具体分析过７２种野菜中的维生素含量，其中胡萝卜素的含量只有７种低于胡萝卜；...     

几种叶菜储藏中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸盐还原酶活性研究

对小白菜,大白菜、包菜、菠菜等4种蔬菜在室温储藏过程中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸盐还原酶活力进行分析。结果表明,储藏前后小白菜NO-3含量均超出国家标准;储藏3d后小白菜和菠菜中NO-2含量超标,该2种菜不适宜储存后食用。对4种叶菜储藏中NRA进行检测,其变化无一定规律。对4种蔬菜储藏3d内的NO-3含量的降解速率及其相应的NRA进行分析,4种蔬菜NO-含量的变化与NRA变化未呈现一定相关性。      

几种叶菜储藏中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸盐还原酶活性研究

对小白菜,大白菜、包菜、菠菜等4种蔬菜在室温储藏过程中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸盐还原酶活力进行分析。结果表明,储藏前后小白菜NO-3含量均超出国家标准;储藏3d后小白菜和菠菜中NO-2含量超标,该2种菜不适宜储存后食用。对4种叶菜储藏中NRA进行检测,其变化无一定规律。对4种蔬菜储藏3d内的NO-3含量的降解速率及其相应的NRA进行分析,4种蔬菜NO-含量的变化与NRA变化未呈现一定相关性。     

潮州酱腌菜中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量的测定

用盐酸萘乙二胺比色法和紫外分光光度法分别测定潮州5种酱腌菜在不同条件下的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量,回收率依次为98 %～109 %,96 %～110 %;RSD:0.0198 %～0.177 %,0.027 %～0.041 %.结果表明:酱腌菜经过一段时间的腌制后,随储存室温的升高,亚硝酸盐的含量呈升高的趋势,同时室温暴露在空气中并且没有腌制液存在时酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量变得很高.     

蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的测定及含量分析

采用超声提取、活性炭柱脱色和微孔膜过滤等步骤对蔬菜进行预处理,离子色谱法测定蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。探讨不同贮藏条件下4种蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的变化情况。结果表明:无论常温贮藏还是低温贮藏,贮藏7d内,4种蔬菜中硝酸盐含量变化基本上是呈下降趋势,亚硝酸盐含量均呈现先急剧上升后近于平稳的趋势,但常温贮藏的亚硝酸盐含量高于低温贮藏,除韭菜外,其它蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量均低于限量标准4mg/kg。     

蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量分析与评价

通过对7种蔬菜不同处理的硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量进行分析,探讨其在蔬菜中的变化情况,为人们合理食用蔬菜提供科学依据。     

不同生长发育阶段几种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

测定了荠菜、泥胡菜和多头苦荬菜等3种野菜不同发育阶段叶中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量。参考蔬菜中硝酸盐含量分级评价标准，参考我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准（以NaNO2计≤4．0mg／kg），考虑到各种野菜的维生素C的含量，对这3种野菜评价如下：泥胡菜和多头苦荬菜的各个时期的叶，硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平444mg／kg，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，所以，它们属于一级野菜，可以安全食用；果期荠菜的叶，硝酸盐含量低于807mg／kg，属于中度污染水平，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，属二级蔬菜范围，不宜生食，煮熟或盐渍可安全食用：荠菜的期于各期叶的硝酸盐含量高于807mg／kg而低于1268mg／kg，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，属于三级蔬菜，不可生食和盐渍，可熟食。     

几种肉制品中硝酸盐含量的测定

以α-萘胺为显色剂,利用紫外可见分光光度计,测定了鞍山市市售的几种肉制品中硝酸盐的含量。本实验进一步探究了实验的最佳条件:酸度、温度、显色剂的用量和显色时间。结果表明:pH值在3～4之间,温度在15～25℃之间,显色剂用量为2ml,显色时间在20～40min,显色稳定,样品吸光度无明显变化,实验能达到较理想的效果。     

硝酸根电极法同时测定肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量

用硝酸根电极同时测定肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。以0.1mol/l硫酸钠作为总离子强度调节剂,在pH3.4±0.1,硝酸根电极在硝酸钠4.0—30μg/ml浓度范围内呈良好的能斯特应答。一次标准加入法定量。在酸性条件下,用过氧化氢氧化提取液中NO_2~-,测得NO_3~-总量,然后用差减法求得NO_2~-含量。用本法测定了13种市售肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。变异系数2.31%—9.83%,回收率95.0%—108.4%。用NO_3~-和镉柱还原法,NO_2~-和萘乙二胺比色法进行了对照,结果无显著性差异(α0.05)。     

离子色谱法测定豆奶粉中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量

为了建立离子色谱测定豆奶粉中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量的方法。样品用去离子水提取,固相萃取后,采用离子色谱法测定豆奶粉中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量。结果表明：硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐的线性范围分别为1～50、1～25mg/mL,回收率分别为89.3%～98.9%、89.6%～102.0%,检出限分别为0.16、0.11mg/kg。该法灵敏、准确,前处理简单易行,可用于豆奶粉中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量测定。     

The determination of nitrate and nitrite in cured meat by HPLC/UV

A rapid strong anion exchange HPLC/UV procedure has been developed for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in a wide variety of cured meats. The accuracy of this technique has been confirmed by the good agreement achieved with the existing British Standard colorimetric method. The applicability and repeatability of the procedure has been established in a survey of over 200 samples. The agreement between duplicate determinations and their respective means averaged +/- 3.4% for nitrite and +/- 4.3% for nitrate as defined by the term [(a - b)/(a + b)] X 100% where a and b are the repeat determination values.     

The microbiological role of nitrite and nitrate

In unheated products nitrite, together with sodium chloride and the pH value, contributes to the selection of the bacteria which grow during storage. Nitrate per se is generally believed to serve only as a reservoir for nitrite, but the commercial use of nitrate-free cover brines in the Wiltshire bacon industry shows that such a reservoir is not always essential. Nitrate sometimes reduced the growth rate of bacteria in experimental Wiltshire collar bacon, but was of no benefit in back bacon. The clostridia occurring naturally in the bacon grew to higher numbers in collar cured without nitrate than that cured with nitrate. Clostridium botlinum (types A and B) was detected in these bacons, but did not grow in the bacon. In heated products the growth of surviving bacteria is controlled by the interaction of several factors including pH, sodium chloride, storage temperature and sodium nitrite or a substance derived from it upon heating. Further experiments are warranted to investigate the effects of dextrose, nitrate, ascorbate and polyphosphate.     

A rapid method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite by chemiluminescence

Nitrite and nitrate + nitrite can be determined by selective chemical reduction to nitric oxide which is measured using a chemiluminescence analyser. The reducing agents are sodium iodide in acetic acid for nitrite and ferrous ammonium sulphate-ammonium molybdate for nitrate + nitrite. The concentrations of the reducing agents have been optimized to obtain the maximum yield of nitric oxide and the minimum coefficient of variation. Under these conditions, it is possible to inject repeated samples into the refluxing reducing agents and to obtain rapid evolutions of nitric oxide from which the determinations can be made. Nitric oxide has also been produced using the nitrite reagents from organic nitrites, a S-nitrosothiol, a pseudonitrole and N-nitrosamines. Similarly, an organic nitrate and some C-nitroso compounds respond to the method for nitrate but only to the extent of a yield of nitric oxide of about 10% of the theoretical. Very low or zero responses were evident from aliphatic and aromatic C-nitro compounds but not omega-N-nitroarginine which gave a large yield of nitric oxide using the reagents for nitrate. In general, however, concentrations of nitrate will be in considerable excess of those of related compounds which would interfere with the determinations. Nitrate can be determined either by difference in its mixtures with nitrite or by prior removal of the nitrite using ascorbic acid provided oxygen and nitric oxide are removed by degassing with nitrogen.     

蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染

综述了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的危害、污染来源、蔬菜中的污染现状、蔬菜中硝酸盐积累机理及控制措施。     

Analytical methods for nitrate and nitrite determination in foods. 3. Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate and nitrite using sulphanilic acid/1-naphylamine, and of nitrite using resorcinol/zirconium (IV) oxychloride

The Nitrate content of foods may be determined by means of azo-dye coupling after reduction of the nitrate with the aid of active cadmium produced in the sample solution. An easy method for determining nitrite consists in the colorimetric estimation of a coloured chelate formed from nitrite, resorcinol and zirconium(IV) oxychloride.     

抑制电导—离子色谱法同时测定肉制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了一种灵敏、快速的同时测定肉制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的抑制电导-离子色谱分析方法。样品经超声提取后,以DIONEXIonPacAS19(4mm×250mm)色谱柱分离,用DIONEXEG40淋洗液发生器自动淋洗,采用梯度洗脱方式,以抑制电导检测器进行检测。实验表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的方法检出限(3S/N)为0.6mg/kg和0.8mg/kg,在0.1～50μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9989,回收率为98.4%和96.5%,重复性(RSD)为2.8%和3.2%。本方法灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于肉制品中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检测。     

The toxicology of nitrate,nitrite and n-nitroso compounds

Nitrate is essentially non-toxic to mammals but it can be reduced to nitrite either in improperly stored food, in the rumen of cattle, in the gastrointestinal tract of the human infant, and by the microflora of the human mouth. The nitrite from these and other sources, including that purposely added to food, presents a toxic hazard both because of the direct toxicity of nitrite, and by the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compound by reaction with amino compounds. Administration of toxic amounts of nitrite induces methaemoglobinaemia. The nature of this disease, its importance in human medicine and the reason for the particular sensitivity of the infant, are briefly discussed. The carcinogenic properties of N-nitroso compounds are described. These compounds have been found in the environment and may be formed in the stomach from amines and nitrite. Our knowledge of the amount of N-nitroso compounds to which man is exposed, is continually increasing but with the lack of epidemiologic evidence, the assessment of the significance to man of these traces of N-nitroso compounds depends upon the interpretation of animal experiments and their extrapolation to man. This extrapolation would be more certain if there were a more clear understanding of the factors determining tissue selectivity by carcinogens and tissue sensitivity, and of the mechanism of cumulation of carcinogenic doses and of synergism between carcinogens. Recent experiments suggest that there may soon be a significant breakthrough in the understanding of this. These experiments are briefly discussed.     

Analysis of nitrate and nitrite in feed. 2. Potentiometric nitrate determination with ion sensitive electrodes]

Nitrate-sensitive PVC matrix membrane electrodes produced in the German Democratic Republic are suited for determining nitrates in feeds and plants if the different causative parameters are taken into account. A rational determining method is presented. Comparisons with the o-cresol method showed statistically confirmed agreement.