燃气-蒸汽联合循环系统设计中热力参数的选择

从总能系统的概念出发，提出了联合循环燃气轮机设计的最佳压比选择以及蒸汽系统循环方式的选择意见和需要综合考虑的因素，可用于指导联合循环燃气轮机设计时确定合适的循环参数，及选择合适的联合循环蒸汽系统。     

应用天然气重整技术的新型动力系统开拓研究

总结概述应用天然气重整反应技术的新型动力系统开拓研究,包括燃料电池及联合循环系统、化学回热燃气轮机循环、太阳能一天然气互补动力系统以及天然气／煤双燃料综合动力系统等。分析归纳天然气蒸汽重整在动力系统应用的新方式,侧重论述天然气蒸汽重整在相关新系统集成中新应用的功能与机理,还分析揭示新系统的特性与性能。     

MCFC-燃气轮机联合循环系统模拟与优化

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（MCFC）工作温度较高,其高温排气可由燃气轮机利用,组成联合发电系统。文中分别建立了MCFC和底层循环的计算模型,利用该模型详细分析了影响联合发电系统性能的重要参数。结果表明：将MCFC工作温度取为650℃可以得到最佳性能和最高的电堆寿命;联合发电系统中应取较低的燃料气利用率;在一定的透平初温下,燃气轮机存在一个对应于功率最大的最佳压缩比。根据上述结果计算出了各参数的最优值,最后对优化后系统进行仿真得出结果：MCFE与燃气轮机组成联合发电系统,发电效率达到57．0％（LHV）,使用燃气轮机可提升整体发电效率约10％。     

燃气-串级超临界CO2联合循环变工况策略研究

为优化燃气-串级超临界二氧化碳（GT-CSCO2）联合循环的变工况运行特性,建立以5.67 MW燃气轮机为原动机的GT-CSCO2联合循环模型。分别确定各设备的变工况运行方法,提出联合循环变工况运行策略,进而分析GT-CSCO2联合循环的变工况特性。研究表明：进口导叶达到最小全速角前后燃气轮机排气温度和流量随负荷变化的特性有较大改变,燃气轮机排气温度对底循环的影响大于排气压力;变工况中为维持压缩机入口温度与最终排气温度,底循环流量的减少幅度大于排气流量;负荷在100%~30%之间,GT-CSCO2联合循环热效率由54.80%降低到43.91%,净输出功率与效率约为燃气轮机单机的2倍;与简单回热结构相比,CSCO2循环具有更高的效率,是一种具有良好变工况性能的发电技术。     

以燃气轮机为核心的多功能能源系统概念与集成机理

概述以燃气轮机为核心的多功能能源动力系统;扼要叙述热工领域的狭义燃气轮机总能系统的基本概念与类型;阐述多领域交叉的广义总能系统（多能源与多输出一体化的多功能能源系统）的基本概念与类型;并从领域层面、系统集成机理与功能等各方面分析比较了两代总能系统的演变与差异;全面论述了多功能系统集成的主要原则思路与相应的核心问题。     

基于IGV控制的先进燃气轮机联合循环运行优化

为了达到高效的先进燃气轮机联合循环优化运行,提高循环的能源利用率,以先进燃气轮机联合循环技术为研究对象,通过以有机物为工质的朗肯循环回收燃气轮机的余热,进行燃气轮机联合循环变工况仿真模拟来研究联合循环运行特性,分析了环境温度和压气机进口导叶(IGV)调节对联合循环运行特性的影响,制定了IGV角度的优化控制策略。结果表明:在变负荷工况和不同环境温度下,调节燃气轮机的空燃比,可以优化该燃气轮机联合循环的运行特性,提升联合循环效率。     

STIG循环和HAT循环的分析及比较

注蒸汽燃气轮机（ＳＴＩＧ）循环和湿空气透平（ＨＡＴ）循环同瞩于并联型的燃气－蒸汽联合循环，代表着燃气轮机联合循环的新思路．本文拟从的角度出发，对上述两种循环进行热力学分析和比较，指出它们不同的特点和改进方法，为进一步完善这两种循环提供理论依据．     

工业燃气轮机发展的趋势与特点

本文基于世界燃气轮机半个世纪发展动态，概述了工业燃气轮机技术跨世纪发展的趋势和特点：总能系统概念及其广泛应用，积极应用新技术，新材料，新工艺，不断向高参数，高性能，大型化方向发展，燃料能源多元化和燃煤联合循环商业化等。     

《燃气轮机技术》2001年索引

序号目　　　　　　　　　次第一作者期页·专题论述·1新颖的核能燃气轮机总能系统的开拓性研究林汝谋 112探讨 2 1世纪上半叶我国燃气轮机发展的途径焦树建 1103面向 2 1世纪的燃气轮机技术的发展于达仁 1144从 Mark 到 Mark 至后 Mark ——兼谈燃气轮机的控制技术发展刘尚明 12 25对 PFBC-CC技术在我国创新发展之考虑蔡宁生 12 96探讨 ABB公司燃气轮机产品发展的道路 (下 )林公舒 1377蔡睿贤院士谈我国燃气轮机的发展刘振坤 2 18我国燃气轮机工业的现状与展望娄马宝 2 29新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展赵士杭 2 810论余热锅炉型联合循…     

新型IGCC系统的开拓与集成技术

本文基于大量相关研究,全面总结分析了新型IGCC系统的开拓及其集成技术开发与进展。首先分析了IGCC固有的效率高、环保性能优以及最具发展潜力等特点,以揭示其具有的发展前景和受到重视的原因;然后总结介绍了正在发展的燃料电池一IGCC联合循环、IGCC多联产、C02零排放的IGCC以及燃料多样化的IGCC等新型系统,并扼要论述这些新系统整合机理和特性。还归纳介绍了先进的燃气轮机技术、离子膜制氧技术等集成技术开发与进展。     

On generation-integrated energy storage

Generation-integrated energy storage (GIES) systems store energy at some point along the transformation between the primary energy form and electricity. Instances exist already in natural hydro power, biomass generation, wave power, and concentrated solar power. GIES systems have been proposed for wind, nuclear power and they arise naturally in photocatalysis systems that are in development. GIES systems can compare very favourably in both performance and total cost against equivalent non-integrated systems comprising both generation and storage. Despite this, they have not hitherto been recognised as a discrete class of systems. Consequently policy decisions affecting development or demonstration projects and policy approaches concerning low-carbon generation are not fully informed. This paper highlights that policy structures exist militating against the development and introduction of GIES systems-probably to the detriment of overall system good.     

Reimagining future energy systems: Overview of the US program to maximize energy utilization via integrated nuclear-renewable energy systems

A sustainable, balanced energy portfolio is necessary for a country's continued economic growth. This portfolio must collectively be able to provide reliable, resilient electricity at stable, affordable prices. Nuclear energy is an important contributor to global clean energy supply, both as a primary source and by complementing and enabling other clean energy sources. As we look to the design and operation of future energy systems, we see an increasing need to think differently about how we utilize our energy resources to meet all of our energy needs—not just electricity but also industrial and transportation demands. Resource utilization in light of a broader desire to reduce environmental impacts leads us to consider transforming how we use nuclear energy, which currently provides more than half of the nonemitting electricity generated in the United States. A paradigm shift is required to develop optimal energy generation and use configurations that embrace novel approaches to system integration and process design. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) program on Integrated Energy Systems (IES)—formerly the Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems (N-R HES) program—was established to evaluate potential options for the coordinated use of nuclear and renewable energy generators to meet energy demands across the electricity, industrial, and transportation sectors. These formerly independent sectors are becoming increasingly linked through technology advances in data acquisition, communications, demand response approaches, and control technologies. Advanced modeling and simulation tools can be employed to design systems that better coordinate across these sectors. Implementation of integrated multi-input, multi-output energy systems will allow for expanded use of nuclear energy beyond the grid in a manner that complements the increased build-out of variable renewable energy generation. These integrated systems would provide enhanced flexibility while also providing energy services and supporting the production of additional, nonelectric commodities (eg, potable water, hydrogen, and liquid fuels) via excess thermal and electrical energy from the nuclear system. Increased flexibility of traditionally baseload nuclear systems will support energy security, grid reliability, and grid resilience while maximizing the use of clean energy technologies. This paper provides an overview of current efforts in the United States that assess the potential to increase utilization of nuclear energy systems, in concert with renewable energy generation, via the IES program. Analysis tools and approaches and preliminary analysis results are summarized, and planned experimental activities to demonstrate integrated system performance are introduced.     

以燃气轮机为核心的多功能能源系统基本形式与构成

以燃气轮机为核心的多功能能源动力系统有不同功能和不同能源的两大类型.本文概述了不同功能的总能系统类型的基本形式,如纯产功的、热工领域的多联产、多领域的多功能以及无公害能源系统等多功能系统,并阐述它们的主要特点与过程构成.概述了不同能源的总能系统类别的基本形式,如燃用气体燃料和液体燃料、煤炭、核能、可再生能源、氢能以及多能源互补等多功能能源系统,并阐述它们的主要特点与过程构成.     

Identification of optimal strategies for sustainable energy management in Taiwan

In this study, an optimization model was developed for identifying optimal strategies in adjusting the existing fossil fuel‐based energy structure in Taiwan. In this model, minimization of the total system cost was adopted as the objective function, which was subject to a series of constraints related to energy demand, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission restriction, and energy balance. Feasibility of several potential energy structures was also evaluated through tradeoff analysis between energy system costs and GHG emission targets. Three scenarios were established under several GHG emission restriction targets and potential nuclear power expansion options. Under the three scenarios, optimal energy allocation patterns were generated. In terms of the total energy system cost, the scenario that restricted GHG emissions and nuclear power growth would result in the highest one, with an average annual increase of 4.2% over the planning horizon. Also, the results indicated that the energy supply structure would be directly influenced by energy cost and GHG emission reduction targets. Scenario 2 would lead to the greatest dependence on clean energy, which would take up 41.8% in 2025. In comparison, with no restriction on nuclear energy, it would replace several energy sources and contribute to 34.0% of the total energy consumption. Significant reduction in GHG emission could be identified under scenario 2 due to the replacement of conventional fossil fuels with clean energies. Under scenario 3, GHG emission would be significantly reduced due to the adoption of nuclear power. After 2015, energy structure in Taiwan would be slightly adjusted due to synthetic impacts of energy demand growth and GHG emission restriction. The results also indicated that further studies would be necessarily needed for evaluating impacts and feasibilities of clean energy and nuclear power utilization in Taiwan. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Life-cycle energy efficiency estimation of large-scale ammonia fuel energy storage system

本文讨论了氨作为燃料使用会具备与传统化石燃料显著不同的环境效益,并进一步探讨了氨作为储能介质的特点,包括储能密度和规模大、受地理条件约束小、便于运输存储等。本文还针对目前的合成氨路线从理论分析和工业实际两个方面对合成效率进行了估算和评价。针对目前国内核能、风能、太阳能等清洁能源电力的低谷或弃电问题,建议采用以制氨的方式存储或外运,以便于在电力不足时将其用于发电。建议并评估了几条基于制氨并发电的路线,并基于现有氨燃料的发电效率计算了各路线在全生命周期内的总储能效率（25%～40%）和以电换电的效率[2.5～4.0(度/10度）]。     

Sustainable energy generation processes in the deserts of solar-rich countries

A sustainable energy generation system in solar-rich countries can establish the process of desert community development in these areas. To test the validity of this hypothesis, potential assessment of deserts’ solar power is carried out. The results reveal that considerable amounts of electric power and potable water can be produced locally at these deserts sites. In this paper, the basic needs of a sizeable desert community are identified; their total energy requirements are estimated and then the capability of available solar potential to meet these energy needs is calculated. A sustainable energy generation model is devised to attain the objective of power generation and potable water production. The processes of solar power generation, desalination and storage systems are built in the proposed model. The sustainable development process is based on the utilization of renewable energy, self-contained nature of energy generation system and environment-friendly nature of power and water production.     

Integrated energy systems based on cascade utilization of energy

Focusing on the traditional principle of physical energy utilization, new integration concepts for combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system were identified, and corresponding systems were investigated. Furthermore, the principle of cascade utilization of both chemical and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles was introduced, along with a general equation describing the interrelationship among energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy. On the basis of this principle, a polygeneration system for power and liquid fuel (methanol) production has been presented and investigated. This system innovatively integrates a fresh gas preparation subsystem without composition adjustment process (NA) and a methanol synthesis subsystem with partial-recycle scheme (PR). Meanwhile, a multi-functional energy system (MES) that consumes coal and natural gas as fuels simultaneously, and co-generates methanol and power, has been presented. In the MES, coal and natural gas are utilized synthetically based on the method of dual-fuel reforming, which integrates methane/steam reforming and coal combustion. Compared with conventional energy systems that do not consider cascade utilization of chemical energy, both of these systems provide superior performance, whose energy saving ratio can be as high as 10%–15%. With special attention paid to chemical energy utilization, the integration features of these two systems have been revealed, and the important role that the principle of cascade utilization of both chemical and physical energy plays in system integration has been identified.     

A review on clean energy solutions for better sustainability

This paper focuses on clean energy solutions in order to achieve better sustainability, and hence discusses opportunities and challenges from various dimensions, including social, economic, energetic and environmental aspects. It also evaluates the current and potential states and applications of possible clean‐energy systems. In the first part of this study, renewable and nuclear energy sources are comparatively assessed and ranked based on their outputs. By ranking energy sources based on technical, economic, and environmental performance criteria, it is aimed to identify the improvement potential for each option considered. The results show that in power generation, nuclear has the highest (7.06/10) and solar photovoltaic (PV) has the lowest (2.30/10). When nonair pollution criteria, such as land use, water contamination, and waste issues are considered, the power generation ranking changes, and geothermal has the best (7.23/10) and biomass has the lowest performance (3.72/10). When heating and cooling modes are considered as useful outputs, geothermal and biomass have approximately the same technical, environmental, and cost performances (as 4.9/10), and solar has the lowest ranking (2/10). Among hydrogen production energy sources, nuclear gives the highest (6.5/10) and biomass provides the lowest (3.6/10) in ranking. In the second part of the present study, multigeneration systems are introduced, and their potential benefits are discussed along with the recent studies in the literature. It is shown that numerous advantages are offered by renewable energy‐based integrated systems with multiple outputs, especially in reducing overall energy demand, system cost and emissions while significantly improving overall efficiencies and hence output generation rates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wind energy and assessment of wind energy potential in Turkey

In this study, the potential of wind energy and assessment of wind energy systems in Turkey were studied. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the wind energy potential and future wind conversion systems project in Turkey. The wind energy potential of various regions was investigated; and the exploitation of the wind energy in Turkey was discussed. Various regions were analyzed taking into account the wind data measured as hourly time series in the windy locations. The wind data used in this study were taken from Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIEI) for the year 2010. This paper reviews the assessment of wind energy in Turkey as of the end of May 2010 including wind energy applications. Turkey's total theoretically available potential for wind power is around 131,756.40 MW and sea wind power 17,393.20 MW annually, according to TUREB (TWEA). When Turkey has 1.5 MW nominal installed wind energy capacity in 1998, then this capacity has increased to 1522.20 MW in 2010. Wind power plant with a total capacity of 1522.20 MW will be commissioned 2166.65 MW in December 2011.     

A new approach of sizing battery energy storage system for smoothing the power fluctuations of a PV/wind hybrid system

In this paper, a new approach for optimally sizing the storage system employing the battery banks for the suppression of the output power fluctuations generated in the hybrid photovoltaic/wind hybrid energy system. At first, a novel multiple averaging technique has been used to find the smoothing power that has to be supplied by the batteries for the different levels of smoothing of output power. Then the battery energy storage system is optimally sized using particle swarm optimization according to the level of smoothing power requirement, with the constraints of maintaining the battery state of charge and keeping the energy loss within the acceptable limits. Two different case studies have been presented for different locations and different sizes of the hybrid systems in this work. The results of the simulation studies and detailed discussions are presented at the end to portrait the effectiveness of the proposed method for sizing of the battery energy storage system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.