飞机发动机转子振动特征提取方法诊断

在研究航空发动机振动机理和分析转子故障对应的振动信号特征的基础上,采用经验模态分解方法对发动机机壳上测得的振动信号进行分解。由于振动信号的时频特性可以更有效地揭示转子故障,因此它被用于时频域以提取振动特征。首先将转子振动信号与EMD的固有模式函数的能量状态及其与原始信号的相关性进行比较。然后,在确定IMF包含的主要故障信息的基础上,分别在时域,频域和时频域评估三种信息熵。最后,转子故障诊断的特征向量由每个IMF计算得到的三个信息熵值和小波包分解得到的小波包空间特征的谱熵构成。结果表明,基于时频分析的经验模态分解方法能够有效地提取非平稳故障信号的特征向量。这为航空发动机转子故障诊断中的振动分析提供了一种系统的定量特征选择方法。     

小波与神经网络结合用于电机在线监测与故障诊断

本文主要将小波与神经网络结合用于电机的在线监测与故障诊断.针对电机系统运行的关键故障,采用小波与神经网络结合的思想,将采集到的电机振动信号,进行小波处理后,通过分析观测信号在小波包某一分解层次上的不同时频分辨空间中的能量分布,进行电机运行状态的特征提取,对提取到的特征信号再用神经网络技术进行故障诊断,从而建立起电机运行状态的在线监测体系,以实现对电机故障预测及诊断,充分体现了小波神经网络在故障诊断中的优越性.     

基于图结构的轴承故障诊断北大核心

滚动轴承故障振动信号具有非线性、非平稳的特征,在轴承早期破损阶段,即使轴承表面出现了损伤,故障产生的振动信号仍然表现得非常微弱,再加上大量噪声的影响,仅从时域和频域很难发现故障特征,给故障检测造成了较大的难度。针对轴承振动信号的特点,将短时Fourier变换与图模型相结合,提出了一种基于图模型的时频分析方法,利用短时Fourier变换得到信号的时频图,选取每一时刻频谱图中各主频的幅值构建图模型,通过图模型的相似性对比检测轴承故障并通过主频幅值的变化量确定故障频率。     

利用小波包和SVDD的分拣机轴承故障诊断

针对邮政分拣机供包台轴承故障识别精度较低问题,展开一种基于小波包结合支持向量数据描述的振动故障辨识研究。运用小波变换对检测的振动信号进行降噪,再利用统计分析、共振解调和小波包技术从预处理后的信号中提取故障特征频率和小波包能量等时、频域特征作为输入向量。通过核参数优化选取和正常类样本集训练学习,建立描述轴承正常工作状态的最小特征超球体作为预测模型并带入轴承试验台中。试验结果表明,该方法的正确识别率可以达到98%以上。     

滚动轴承故障特征的时间—小波能量谱提取方法

振动信号中的周期性冲击现象是诊断滚动轴承各元件故障的重要依据之一,针对滚动轴承故障特征,在小波变换理论基础上提出一种时间—小波能量谱信号处理方法,它能够有效地提取出振动信号中冲击成分的时域和频域特征。利用时间—小波能量谱方法分析正常、外圈故障、内圈故障、滚珠故障等四种状态下滚动轴承的振动信号,并与传统的包络解调分析方法进行对比分析。时间—小波能量谱不仅可以有效提取出冲击特征明显的滚动轴承外圈故障,还能提取出内圈、滚珠等信号特征微弱的滚动轴承故障,而包络解调分析方法只能提取出外圈故障特征而不能提取出滚珠故障、内圈故障特征。结果表明,时间—小波能量普比包络解调分析方法更能有效地提取出振动信号中的冲击信号成分。     

旋转机械振动信号的小波包分解及故障检测

研究了旋转机械振动信号的特点，指出传统的波形分析和频谱分析存在的问题。提出了从小波包分解序列图和小波包能量分布图两个方面对振动信号分析的方法，赋予小波变换和小波包分解的结果以明确的物理意义，通过测试数据分析旋转机械的三种典型故障在时域、步域及时频域所反映的信息特征，从而表明了该方法的可行性及对故障检测的有效性。     

基于信号的正交小波构造及其在电机故障特征提取中的应用分析

本文讨论了小波变换的基本理论及小波函数与信号的相关系数对信号去噪效果的影响。在此基础上提出了基于信号的正交小波构造方法:根据信号的频域特征,对各频带系数进行加权处理,确定多尺度分析的生成元,从而构造L2空间的正交小波函数。应用不同小波函数提取750W整数槽化纤电机的振动信号的故障特征,实验结果表明采用此方法构造的小波函数能更加有效地从强噪声中提取故障特征,从而实现对电机故障的精确诊断。     

基于小波分析的旋转机械振动信号定量特征研究

通过对机械振动信号的连续小波变换,利用小波滤波器良好的时频特性,研究了振动信号经过连续小波交换后的统计特征。在信号的特征提取中, 引入“灰度矩”并把一阶矩作为定量指标。对8种典型故障信号的研究表明,这种方法能够简单有效地提取信号的特征,区分振动故障。     

基于小波分析的跳车对桥梁的振动影响

为研究在跳车情况下,车辆荷载对桥梁振动的影响,以一双塔斜拉桥模型为研究对象,建立考虑跳车情况的车-桥耦合振动试验系统。采用连续小波变换对主梁振动信号的时频特征及能量分布进行了研究,探讨了不同路面工况下跳车对桥梁的冲击作用,得到了不同部位发生跳车时桥梁振动的响应分布规律,为桥梁设计和安全运营提供了参考依据。     

小波包能量熵与EMD结合分析法在风机滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对风力发电机组的驱动端滚动轴承故障率高,单一的振动信号分析方法难以实现大量状态信息的有效提取和准确的状态监测诊断等问题,提出了一种将小波包能量熵与EMD结合的故障诊断方法。通过小波包分解和设置阈值,有效消除了噪声对原始振动信号的影响,以能量熵值为指标描述振动信号能量分布的变化,然后采用EMD方法和相关性系数计算,将最能体现振动特征的IMF分量分离出来,再经过Hilbert变换和FFT变换得到包络谱,将时域信号变换到频域上,有效提取了风力发电机组驱动端滚动轴承的故障特征频率,准确诊断出故障所在的位置。最后,通过拆机结果验证了该诊断方法的正确性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.