介电型电活性聚合物圆柱形驱动器的驱动效率

研究了介电型电活性聚合物(DEAP)驱动器的机电能量转换机理、能量损耗和驱动效率。建立了驱动器机电能量转换模型,并通过试验测算了驱动器等效电路的模型参数,分析了电极材料等因素对DEAP相对介电常数的影响。深入研究了驱动器漏电流损耗,试验验证了漏电流对驱动器性能的影响。最后,设计了驱动器驱动试验台,完成了不同行程的准静态驱动试验,数值计算了驱动器的驱动效率。结果表明:由于等效电路电容未参与能量转换,驱动器机电转换效率分别为17.6%和25.6%。低电压、小行程驱动时,试验误差与理论分析误差不超过15%;而高电压、大行程驱动时,DEAP膜的漏电流等非线性因素使其驱动效率变化明显。该结果可为DEAP圆柱形驱动器的优化设计及合理使用提供指导。     

能量回馈型超声波电动机振动能量采集系统分析

针对能量回馈型超声波电动机振动能量采集系统,建立了其等效电路模型,给出了系统能量流图,分析了不同接口拓扑电路下的系统能量组成,建立了系统电荷-电压轨迹图,定量分析系统采集能量、损耗能量以及提取能量,数值分析了拓扑电路整流电压系数、二极管导通压降、电压翻转系数及机电耦合系数等对采集能量、损耗能量及提取能量的影响,试验验证了数值分析结果的正确性。研究结果表明机电耦合系数越大、开关电路电压翻转系数和二极管导通压降越小,越有利于提高能量采集系统的输出性能。     

一种宽频压电振动能量采集器的解析模型与试验研究

为提高单频压电振动能量采集器的能量转换效率和工作频带,以带有弹性放大器的宽频压电悬臂梁振动能量采集器为研究对象,提出一种改进的集总参数机电耦合解析模型,通过引入参数修正因子和考虑悬臂梁的振型信息,利用能量守恒原理和曲线拟合方法确定解析模型的等效参数,并根据力学、电学平衡原理建立系统的运动控制方程、频率特性方程和电功率输出表达式;仿真分析能量采集器质量比、刚度比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等对系统振动特性、电输出特性及负载特性的影响;研制宽频压电悬臂梁振动能量采集器原理样机,搭建试验系统,对解析模型进行验证。结果表明:增大弹性放大器与压电悬臂梁的刚度比和质量比以及减小弹性放大器与压电悬臂梁的阻尼比可以提高能量采集器的转换效率和工作频带。     

矿用本安型超声测距换能系统电阻抗匹配设计

针对矿用超声测距系统经本质安全化设计后能量转换效率提高以及驱动电压受限的问题,对本安驱动下电能传输匹配的实现和协调展开了研究,设计基于高速光耦升压驱动回路的LRC电阻抗匹配网络以提高能量转换效率,并选取不同匹配参数来降低驱动脉冲波谷电压幅值,进而可在测距性能保持不变的前提下明显降低最低驱动电压。实验结果表明,在测距距离一定时超声测距系统通过LRC电网络阻抗匹配可显著降低超声换能器所需的驱动电压至11 V左右,并有效提高能量转换效率。     

多场耦合多方向振动俘能器建模及响应分析

针对多方向振动俘能器对低频、低幅值激励的响应输出性能低等问题,在振动俘能结构中引入非线性磁吸力,提高俘能器的响应频带和能量转换效率。研究了非线性磁振子模型,建立了基于广义Hamilton变分原理的横、纵向振动系统机电耦合模型,对系统动力学方程进行无量纲化并数值求解。搭建了振动俘能器性能测试平台,开展了多场耦合振动俘能器频谱特性及响应输出的分析实验。结果表明,引入磁铁可显著提高系统能量转换效率,当磁铁间距15mm、激励幅值0.5m/s~2时,相比无磁力输入的情况,系统响应电压提高了6倍左右,谐振频率从18Hz降至9.5Hz左右,解决了压电俘能器频带窄、响应频率高及输出电压低等问题。     

自供电式汽车磁流变减振器特性研究*

针对现有磁流变减振器自供电装置结构复杂、机电转换效率低能等问题,提出一种运用滚珠丝杠驱动的盘式永磁发电机的能量采集器。介绍盘式永磁发电机的结构和原理;运用software Maxwell 3D软件分析发电机气隙磁密,理论计算出发电机基本机电能量转换关系;建立了盘式发电机的电磁有限元模型,用仿真软件对所设计的电机空载负载输出电压进行研究;制作了样机,对盘式永磁发电机分别进行定转速激励和正弦激励测试其机电转换性能;研究带有能量采集器的磁流变减振器在正弦激励下阻尼力特性。试验结果表明该盘式永磁电机能够为磁流变减振器提供所需的电能。     

介电型电活性聚合物的发电特性研究

介电型电活性聚合物(Dielectric electroactive polymer,简称DEAP)作为一种新型智能材料,可与风力、水力结合作为一种新型的电能获取形式,将机械能转换为电能。分析DEAP发电机理、发电过程,比较恒电荷、恒电压、恒电场三种工作形式,确定选择恒电荷工作形式。讨论DEAP薄膜的发电机理和工作过程,分析了DEAP换能器的能量转换关系。基于建立的换能器模型,计算出一个工作循环换能器的发电量、输入的机械功和机电能量转换效率,同时确定初始电压、拉伸位移是影响发电量、能量转换效率的主要因素。并对此进行试验研究,试验结果验证了理论分析的准确性。     

超磁致伸缩超声振动系统的机电转换效率研究

为提高超声振动系统的能量转换效率和功率容量,提出超磁致伸缩超声振动系统的设计方法,研究导磁体材料特性对超声系统振动性能的影响规律。采用硅钢、铁氧体和磁粉心三种磁性材料设计导磁体,并建立超声振动系统的等效电路模型;通过阻抗分析建立3种超声振动系统的阻抗圆曲线,得到谐振频率和机电转换系数等参数,提出导磁材料特性对系统机电能量转换效率的影响规律。为验证阻抗分析结果的正确性,试验测定3种超声系统在不同电压幅值激励下的振幅-电流灵敏度与频率的关系曲线,验证导磁材料参数与系统机电能量转换效率之间的关系。结果表明：高磁导率铁氧体材料可提高超声振动系统在小功率工作条件下的机电能量转换效率,而对于大功率超声振动系统而言,需要兼顾磁导率和饱和磁通密度,使导磁体工作于非磁饱和状态,以提高系统换能效率,这有助于指导不同功率大小超声振动系统的导磁体材料选择。     

压电振动电阻尼与能量转换特性研究

根据压电构造方程和振动原理,建立压电振动能量收集的耦合场动力学模型。详细推导电阻尼与外接电阻和机电耦合系数之间的数学关系,并揭示外接电阻对系统固有弹性的作用效果。通过数值模拟研究电阻尼特性对谐振频率、振动幅值和功率的影响关系,并从能量转换效率的角度分析优化电阻与最大输出功率的关系。分别对多种外接电阻条件下压电梁的输出电压及功率进行实验测试,实验结果表明,电阻尼导致压电梁的谐振频率发生偏移,其大小与外接电阻值成正比,而且在外接优化电阻时输出功率最大。     

基于圆弧限位的压电发电装置

提出一种基于圆弧限位压电发电装置来提高发电能力及可靠性。介绍了该装置的结构及工作原理,建立了其机电能量转换模型。通过模拟仿真分析获得了压电振子厚度比（基板与总厚度比）对最小限位圆弧半径及能量、及压电振子厚度和限位圆弧半径对电压及能量的影响规律。结果表明,最小限位圆弧半径随厚度比的增加而线性减小,且存在共同的最佳厚度比（0.35）使不同厚度压电振子的输出电压和能量最大;在最佳厚度比时,输出电压和能量随压电振子厚度增加或限位圆弧半径降低而增加。制作了一组限位圆弧半径不等的发电装置,并进行了相关试验测试。结果表明,压电振子的最大输出电压（变形量）仅与限位圆弧半径有关,故采用最小限位圆弧半径可同时获得最大的发电能力和较高的可靠性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.